John Whiteley (British Army officer)

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Sir John Whiteley
General Sir John Whiteley.
Nickname(s)"Jock"[1]
Born(1896-06-07)7 June 1896
Died20 May 1970(1970-05-20) (aged 73)
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service/branchBritish Army
Years of service1915–1956
RankGeneral
Service number10235
UnitRoyal Engineers
Commands heldNational Defence College, Canada
Canadian Army Staff College
Battles/warsFirst World War

Second World War

Awards
Mentioned in Despatches
Distinguished Service Medal (United States)
Legion of Merit
(United States)

First World War. During the war he served in Salonika and the Middle East
.

In May 1940, during the

Second World War, he was posted to General Headquarters (GHQ) Middle East in Cairo as Brigadier, General Staff (BGS) (Operations) under General Sir Archibald Wavell. In March 1942 he became chief of staff of the British Eighth Army, participating in the Battle of Gazala and the First Battle of El Alamein. In September 1942 Whiteley joined Lieutenant General Dwight D. Eisenhower's Allied Force Headquarters (AFHQ) as the British Deputy Chief of Staff. When Eisenhower was appointed Supreme Allied Commander for Operation Overlord in January 1944, Whiteley was one of three key British staff officers Eisenhower brought to England to staff the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF). Whiteley initially became Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence (G-2) at SHAEF before becoming deputy to the Assistant Chief of Staff, Operations (G-3), Major General Harold R. Bull
in May 1944.

After a few months in Germany as Assistant Chief of Staff in the

UK Representative on the NATO Standing Group
from 1953 to 1956.

Early life and interbellum

John Francis Martin Whiteley was educated at

mentioned in despatches.[5][1]

With the war now over, Whiteley attended the Staff College, Camberley from January 1927 to December 1928.[6][1] He was married the year after graduating and served in India where he was a Deputy Assistant Adjutant General from 1932 to 1934 before returning to the United Kingdom to serve as a staff officer at the War Office in London from 1932 to 1934.[7]

Second World War

Middle East

When the

Lend-Lease Act on 11 March 1941, Whiteley was sent to Washington, D.C., in May 1941 to present the President with Wavell's requirements. Whiteley's mission was fairly successful, and resulted in sixteen ships a month for the remainder of the year delivering supplies to the Middle East. Although not all of the requested items could be supplied, by the end of July store and equipment including nearly 10,000 trucks, 84 M3 Stuart tanks and 174 combat aircraft had arrived.[8]

Whiteley returned via London, where he briefed the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), General Sir John Dill and the prime minister, Winston Churchill, on his mission to the United States. Churchill expressed his displeasure with the progress of the Western Desert campaign,[6] which resulted in Wavell's replacement by General Sir Claude Auchinleck in July 1941.[9] In October 1941 Whiteley became Auchinleck's envoy to London to brief the Prime Minister on the plans for Operation Crusader and the reasons why Auchinleck was resisting pressure to advance its date.[6]

During Operation Crusader, Auchinleck relieved the commander of the Eighth Army, Lieutenant General Alan Cunningham, replacing him with his Deputy Chief of the General Staff (DCGS), Major General Neil Ritchie. Amid doubts about Ritchie's suitability for the post, Auchinleck and his new DCGS, Brigadier Eric Dorman-Smith, decided that Whiteley should become Chief of Staff of the Eighth Army. Whiteley assumed his new post on 28 March 1942. His time in the post saw British fortunes fall to their lowest ebb, with the disastrous Battle of Gazala and the fall of Tobruk. Auchinleck assumed personal command of the Eighth Army on 25 June, and Whiteley was superseded by the "dangerous super-numerary"[7] Dorman-Smith to some extent. However, Whiteley remained in the job until after the First Battle of El Alamein, when he was replaced by Brigadier Freddie de Guingand. In Auchinleck's opinion, Whiteley had proved himself a disappointment as Chief of Staff of the Eighth Army, describing him as "not cut out for high staff appointments in a field formation."[7] Despite this, he still recommended Whiteley for promotion on the basis of his performance at GHQ.[10]

North West Europe

Whiteley joined Lieutenant General

major general in February 1943, was involved in the planning and direction of the Tunisian campaign and the Allied invasion of Sicily (codenamed Operation Husky). In August 1943 he acted as an envoy once more, travelling to London to brief Churchill on plans for the Allied invasion of Italy.[12]

Harold Alexander, Captain M. L. Power, Humfrey Gale, Leslie Hollis, and Eisenhower's chief of staff, Walter Bedell Smith
.

When Eisenhower was appointed

Alan Brooke, who agreed to transfer Whiteley and, reluctantly, Gale, but not Strong.[13] Accordingly, Whiteley initially became Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence (G-2) at SHAEF, with American Brigadier General Thomas J. Betts as his deputy. However Eisenhower eventually had his way and Strong assumed the post on 25 May 1944. Whiteley then became deputy to the Assistant Chief of Staff, Operations (G-3), Major General Harold R. Bull. Whiteley remained in this post for the rest of the war.[14]

Whiteley remained on good terms with the staff at

U.S. First Army headquarters and were unimpressed with the way that it was handling the situation. Strong, Whiteley and Betts then recommended that the American armies north of the Ardennes be transferred to Montgomery's command. Smith realized the military and political implications of this, and knew that such a recommendation had to come from an American officer. Smith's immediate reaction was to dismiss it out of hand, and tell Strong and Whiteley that they were fired and should pack their bags and return to the United Kingdom, but that night Smith had second thoughts. The next morning he apologized, and informed them that he would present their recommendation to Eisenhower as his own. Eisenhower immediately ordered it. This decision was greatly resented by many Americans.[15]

Post-war

After a few months in Germany as Assistant Chief of Staff in the

UK Representative on the NATO Standing Group. It fell to him as the representative of the British Chiefs of Staff to conduct the discussions on the introduction of tactical atomic weapons and the consequent adjustments to defence plans.[16]

Following his retirement in 1956, Whiteley and his wife settled in Wiltshire, at The Mill House, Steeple Langford.[17][7] He died on 20 May 1970, at the age of 73, just a few weeks away from his 74th birthday.[3]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Smart 2005, p. 332.
  2. ^ "No. 29063". The London Gazette. 9 February 1915. p. 1329.
  3. ^ a b "Obituary of Gen Sir John Whiteley", The Times, no. 57876, p. 10, 22 May 1970
  4. ^ "No. 30450". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 December 1917. p. 49.
  5. ^ "No. 29851". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 December 1916. p. 11937.
  6. ^ a b c d Mead 2007, p. 485
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Smart 2005, p. 333.
  8. ^ Playfair et al. 1956, pp. 231–233
  9. ^ Playfair et al. 1956, pp. 243–244
  10. ^ Mead 2007, p. 486
  11. ^ Howe 1957, p. 33
  12. ^ a b Mead 2007, p. 487
  13. ^ Pogue 1954, pp. 64–65
  14. ^ Pogue 1954, p. 71
  15. ^ Pogue 1954, p. 378
  16. ^ Mead 2007, p. 488
  17. ^ National Gardens Scheme 1966, p. 115

References

External links
Academic offices
Preceded by Commandant of the Royal Military College of Canada
1947 		Succeeded by
Military offices
Preceded by Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff
1949–1953 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
UK Military Representative to NATO

1953–1956 		Succeeded by
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