Kalyani, West Bengal

Kalyani
Kalyani
City in India
	Kalyani
Website	www.kalyanimunicipality.org

Kalyani is a

state of West Bengal. It is also a municipality and Community Development Block in Nadia. It is located around 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Kolkata — the capital of West Bengal. Kalyani is the administrative headquarters of Kalyani subdivision. It resides on the eastern banks of Hooghly River, and is part of the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority

(KMDA).

During the period of

Chief Minister of West Bengal – for hosting the Indian National Congress

meeting and to accommodate the housing needs of the growing population of Calcutta. Kalyani, being a planned town, is characterized by underground sewage system, paved roads forming rectangular grids, tree-lined avenues and community parks.

Kalyani has a dedicated industrial zone including

IIIT Kalyani, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, College of Medicine & JNM Hospital, Kalyani Government Engineering College and other institutes of higher education and research. Kalyani Stadium has emerged as an alternative location to Kolkata for holding numerous I-League football matches and other sporting events. The Bengal Cricket Academy and a stadium have been established by Cricket Association of Bengal in Kalyani for promotion and development of cricket.^[5]

History

Kalyani, located in Nadia district in the state of West Bengal, is a relatively young town. During the

American military airbase, formed out of 45 villages in the district of Nadia.^[6]

The military garrison town was named after the then-sitting President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt as "Roosevelt Town" or "Roosevelt Nagar", with "nagar" meaning "town" in many Indo-Aryan languages, including Bengali. Hangars and other reminders of the airfield are still visible in the 'A' Block and some areas around Kalyani University, whose buildings were built on or over the runways.^[6] After World War II, the United States Army Air Force left the base, and the airfield and hangars went into disuse.

The development of modern Kalyani is credited to the former

Kalyani Central to Kalyani Simanta station, and also established direct connectivity to Kolkata through Kalyani Simanta local EMU trains.^[6]

In 1995, the Kalyani Municipality was established, which has been crucial in the development of infrastructure in Kalyani.[6] In 2014, Kalyani was selected as a candidate for a "Smart City" project. Although this project has since been abandoned by the State Government.

Geography and urban structure

Kalyani is located in the

seismic zone III;^[8] according to a United Nations Development Programme report, its wind and cyclone zone is "very high damage risk".^[8]

Kalyani is a planned city, having underground drainage systems, tree-lined avenues, community parks, paved roads intersecting each other at 90-degree angle. The city itself is divided into four blocks — Block A, Block B, Block C and Block D, which are further divided into sub-blocks. Block A and B are mostly residential in character with commercial markets. Main Post Office, Industrial Training Institute, Government offices and the Public Library along with offices of major Banks are situated in Block B. Whereas the Kalyani main station, State General Hospital, Medical college are situated in A Block. Block C and Block D are located to the north of Kalyani Simanta branch line. Block C is reserved for institutional use and is largely occupied by the

Kalyani University and Kalyani Government Engineering College

. Block D is the industrial zone, consisting of many small and medium-sized industries.

In June 2015, the Government of West Bengal declared establishment of an "Analytics City" name Samriddhi in Kalyani, besides Uditi Government Housing Project which was projected to attract investments of more than Rs 3,000 crore in next three years.[9] In the first phase, being developed over 52 acres off Kalyani Expressway, the hub will accommodate academic, residential and commercial centers apart from real estate projects.^[9]

New Kalyani Block consists of 7 Gram Panchayats: Saguna, Madanpur - 1, Madanpur - 2, Chanduria - 2, Simurali, Kanchrapara, and Sarati.

Police station

Kalyani police station under Ranaghat Police District has jurisdiction over Kalyani, Gayespur municipal towns and Saguna Panchayat areas.^[10]^[11] The total area covered by the police station is 64 km² and the population covered is 201,871 (2001 census).^[12]

Demographics

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1961	4,616	—
1971	18,310	+296.7%
1981	39,257	+114.4%
1991	57,648	+46.8%
2001	85,503	+48.3%
2011	100,575	+17.6%
Source: Government of India^[13]

As of

2011 Census of India, Kalyani has a population of 100,620.^[2] Males constitute 50.55% of the population and females 49%. Kalyani has an average literacy rate of 88.75%, higher than the national average of 69.5%: male literacy is 92.79%, and female literacy is 84.65%.^[2] In Kalyani, 7.55% of the population is under 6 years of age. The sex ratio of Kalyani is 978.^[2] As per 2001 Census, the average household size of Kalyani is approximately 4.61. Percentage of main workers out of total population is 29%.^[14]

Civic administration and utility services

The town is within the

Superintendent of Police

oversees the town's security and matters pertaining to law and order. Kalyani is also the seat of the Subdivisional Court.

Kalyani quickly registered itself as a self-sufficient township. Its gradual development continued as a notified area. In 1995, it was upgraded to a municipality.[16]

Transport

Sealdah-Ranaghat Line of the Kolkata Suburban Railway. Apart from Kalyani main station, there are three different stations on the branch line which goes deeper into the Kalyani town — Kalyani Silpanchal, Kalyani Ghoshpara and Kalyani Simanta

. Bandel Junction railway station is 12 kilometres from the city.Other railway stations which are near about 10 Kilometres from the city can also be accessed via the Iswar Gupta Bridge over Hooghly River. They are Adisaptagram Railway Station, Magra Railway Station on the Howrah - Barddhaman Main Line ; Tribeni and Bansbaria Railway Station on the Bandel- Katwa Line.

Kalyani is connected directly with Kolkata through

Iswar Gupta Setu.Kalyani is connected directly to Magra and Tribeni Railway Stations via Public Transport and also from Bandel Junction Railway Station by Private Auto and Personal Vehicles. Kalyani is also accessible through National Highway 12, which is around 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away. Rickshaws, E- rickshaw and Auto-rickshaws are used for local conveyance. Intra-city buses to important cities and towns in West Bengal, including Kolkata and Siliguri are operated by both Government and private operators. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport

, located around 45 kilometres (28 mi) south, operates domestic and international flights.

Education

Kalyani's schools are run by the state government or private institution. Bengali and English are the primary languages of instruction.^[17] Schools in Kalyani follow the "10+2+3" plan. After completing their secondary education, students typically enroll in schools that have a higher secondary facility and are affiliated with the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education, the ICSE, or the CBSE.^[17] They usually choose a focus on liberal arts, business, or science. Vocational programs are also available.^[17] Among the schools in Kalyani whose mode of instruction is English include Julien Day School, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Springdale High School, Garden High School, IISER Kolkata Campus (in Mohanpur); while Kalyani University Experimental High School and Pannalal Institution instructs in Bengali.

Kalyani has two universities —

Snahanshu Kanta Acharya Institute of Law

are among the other institutes of higher education.

The main campus of the

West Bengal University of Technology is also located at Mohanpur near Kalyani. Clinical training of the students of West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences are imparted at Mohanpur campus.^{[citation needed}

]

Healthcare

Healthcare system in Kalyani consists of both government and private healthcare facilities. The Army hospital established during WWII by the American and British alliance was the first hospital in Kalyani. Later former Chief Minister of West Bengal Dr B C Roy converted it into a hospital for tuberculosis patients in the 1960s, currently known as Netaji Subhash Sanatorium. Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Hospital, a 500-bed hospital, is one of the major hospitals in the town. A medical college, College of Medicine & JNM Hospital, established in 2009, which acts as the University college of West Bengal University of Health Sciences.^[18] Gandhi Memorial Hospital has a dedicated cardiac surgery and cardiology department.^[19] ESI Hospital provides healthcare to workers under Employees' State Insurance MB Scheme. There is also a branch of National Institute of Homoeopathy with 25 acres herb garden which was established in 1975.^{[citation needed]}

In June 2014, the central government gave in-principle clearance for setting up All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani at Basantapur village in the Saguna Panchayat in Kalyani.^[20] This project was shifted from earlier plans of setting up the AIIMS at Raiganj because of problems in land acquisition. The project was completed in 2019.^[21]