Karl Ludwig von Phull

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Karl Ludwig August Friedrich von

Napoleon's invasion of Russia
.

Family

Phull was born in Ludwigsburg to the Württemberg-line of the Pfuel family of Brandenburg. He was the son of the Swabian general Carl Ludwig Wilhelm August von Phull (1723–1793) and Auguste Wilhelmine von Keßlau (1734–1768).

Phull's first marriage was in Potsdam on 2 May 1790 to Henriette Luise Charlotte von Beguelin (1763–1810), but they divorced in 1800. They had one daughter, Emilie Hernriette (1792–1864). Phull remarried on 18 September 1801 to Charlotte Poths (1766–1808), but this second marriage ended in 1803. Phull and Poths had one son, Eugen (1801–1857). Phull married for a third time in Berlin on 4 October 1810 to Sabine Henriette von Wedel (ca. 1773–1840), but this marriage also ended in separation.

Career

Military Council of Tsar Alexander in Drissa (held on July 1, 1812). Painting by Aleksandrs Apsītis (1912)

Phull entered the

Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
in 1806.

As a result of the Prussian collapse in the

Fourth Coalition, Frederick William sent Phull to serve Tsar Alexander I of Russia. Phull won the confidence of the Russian emperor, was promoted to major general in the Russian Army, and instructed Alexander in military strategy. In 1809, Phull was promoted to lieutenant general
.

It is disputed how involved Phull was in the Russian decision to adopt a

Napoleon's invasion of Russia. After Napoleon took Moscow
on 14 September 1812, Phull was denounced by many Russian officers. He had to flee through Sweden to Britain. But the merits of his advice were later recognized. In a letter to Phull on 12 December 1813, Tsar Alexander wrote "C'est vous qui avez conçu le plan qui, avec l'aide de la providence, a eu pour suite le salut de la Russie et celui de l'Europe." ("It is you who conceived the plan which, with the help of Providence, had as a result the salvation of Russia and that of Europe").[2]

In 1813, Phull advised

Prince Frederik of the Netherlands in The Hague. After the fall of Paris in 1814, Phull was named Russian ambassador in The Hague and Brussels; his witty third wife, Sabine Henriette von Wedel, headed a popular household in Brussels. After Sabine became emotionally unstable, Phull retired to Stuttgart
in 1821, where he died five years later.

Phull's involvement with the Russian campaign in 1812 is included in Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace, in which the general is known as Pfuel.

Notes

  1. preposition which approximately means of or from and usually denotes some sort of nobility. While von (always lower case) is part of the family name or territorial designation, not a first or middle name, if the noble is referred to by his last name, use Schiller, Clausewitz or Goethe
    , not von Schiller, etc.
  2. ^ ADB, page 93

References

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