Ludwigsburg
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Ludwigsburg | |
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Location of Ludwigsburg within Ludwigsburg district | |
Coordinates: 48°53′51″N 9°11′32″E / 48.89750°N 9.19222°E | |
Country | Germany |
State | Baden-Württemberg |
Admin. region | Stuttgart |
District | Ludwigsburg |
Government | |
• Lord mayor (2019–27) | Matthias Knecht[1] (Ind.) |
Area | |
• Total | 43.33 km2 (16.73 sq mi) |
Elevation | 293 m (961 ft) |
Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 94,157 |
• Density | 2,200/km2 (5,600/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 71634–71642 |
Dialling codes | 07141 |
Vehicle registration | LB |
Website | www.ludwigsburg.de |
Ludwigsburg (German pronunciation:
History
The middle of Neckarland, where Ludwigsburg lies, was settled in the Stone and Bronze Ages. Numerous archaeological sites from the Hallstatt period remain in the city and surrounding area.[3]
Towards the end of the 1st century, the area was occupied by the
The origins of Ludwigsburg date from the beginning of the 18th century (1718–1723) when the largest
A settlement began near the palace in 1709 and a town charter was granted on 3 April 1718. That same year, Ludwigsburg became a bailiff's seat, which eventually became the rural district of Ludwigsburg in 1938.
In the years between 1730 and 1800, the royal seat of residence changed back and forth several times between Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg. In 1800, Württemberg was occupied by France under
In 1921, Ludwigsburg became the largest garrison in southwest Germany. In 1945, Ludwigsburg was made a "Kreisstadt" (urban district), and later, when the Baden-Württemberg municipal code took effect on 1 April 1956, the city was named a major urban district. In 1956 the tradition of the German garrison town was taken up again by the Bundeswehr, Germany's federal armed forces.
2004 was the 300th birthday of Residenzschloss Ludwigsburg, celebrated by the opening of the Baroque Gallery and the Ceramic Museum in the Residenzschloss.
Founding
The area around Ludwigsburg had been a favored hunting grounds by the royal Württemberg family for generations before the founding of Ludwigsburg. Although the region was wilderness, it was easily accessible by boat using the Neckar River. In 1704 the founder of Ludwigsburg, Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg, arranged for the laying of the foundation stone for Ludwigsburg Palace. Ludwigsburg is named after the Duke Eberhard Louis' middle name, Ludwig being the German name for Louis. Right up until his death, construction workers and craftsmen worked on what was to become one of the largest Baroque palace ensembles in Europe. Under Eberhard Louis and his successor, Charles Eugene, the Palace served as the royal residence of Württemberg for a total of 28 years. With the Palace as their Gesamtkunstwerk (translated literally, "collective work of art") and the opulent festivals they organized, the Dukes put their unbounded power on display with no consideration for the finances of Württemberg. To them, their most important task was to bring fame and renown to the court of Württemberg and to compete with and outdo other European rulers in this regard.
Duke Eberhard Louis planned to found an ideal Baroque city right beside Ludwigsburg Palace. From 1709 onwards, he tried to attract new residents to the city with a series of incentives: first he promised free plots of land and free building materials as well as fifteen years tax-free status, and later on he added freedom to practice one's profession and religion to the list. However, the town only began to grow when it was granted city status in 1718 and then in that year became the royal residence and capital city of the country of Württemberg. By the time of Eberhard Louis' death in 1733, the population had risen to around 6,000 people, which was more than half as big as the former capital city Stuttgart. Nevertheless, the new capital city Ludwigsburg was still a major construction site with many unpaved streets and half-finished buildings.
For over two decades, Eberhard Louis (1676–1733) held court in Ludwigsburg with his mistress Wilhilmine von Grävenitz (1684–1744) while the Duchess Johanna Elisabeth (1680–1757) remained in Stuttgart. The clever, ambitious mistress made the best of her time, influencing politics in Württemberg and advancing her status in society. When it became clear that the seriously ill heir to the throne would not come to power, Eberhard Louis had a change of heart, split with his lover and reconciled with his wife in the hope that he would have another son. This was cause for great joy for many people in Württemberg, as the Protestant population feared that power would fall into the hands of the Catholic side of the royal house. To mark reconciliation, the Ludwigsburg citizenry published a leaflet with a copper etching that made reference to the general wish for a new heir to the throne. The etching depicts the personification of Ludwigsburg who is receiving a pearl, a symbol of fertility, from the hand of God. However, people's hopes for another child were not fulfilled as Eberhard Louis died in 1733 and his Catholic cousin, Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg, ascended to the throne. When Charles Alexander immediately moved the capital of Württemberg back to Stuttgart, the population of the Ludwigsburg suddenly dropped by more than half within a year.
Jews and World War II
Jewish families began living in Ludwigsburg during the 19th century and in 1884, a synagogue was built on Solitudestraße. The synagogue was later destroyed by storm troopers during Kristallnacht, the pogrom of November 1938.[5] In 1988, the perimeter of the structure was marked out in plaster on the site. A 1959 memorial and newer memorial plaques commemorate the Jewish Holocaust victims and extol human rights.[6]
In 1940, a
During World War II, the city suffered moderate damage compared to other German cities. There were 1500 deaths. It was the home of the
On 27 September 2008, the first 12
Coat of arms
The
Public institutions
- Ludwigsburg has a court of first instance (magistrate’s/municipal court) (Employment Tribunal, a tax- and revenue office, and an Employment Agency (German: Agentur für Arbeit).
- The Central Office of the State Justice Administrations for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes(German: Zentrale Stelle der Landesjustizverwaltungen zur Aufklärung nationalsozialistischer Verbrechen or German: Zentrale Stelle or German: Z Commission), Germany's main agency responsible for investigating war crimes during Nazi rule, has its seat at Ludwigsburg.
- Further there is the district administration office (German: Landratsamt) of Ludwigsburg district.
- There is a teaching hospital with 969 beds of the University Hospital Heidelberg.
- The town is also the seat of a church district office of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg (German: Evangelische Landeskirche in Württemberg) and a deanery of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart.
- Since its foundation in 1948 the Franco-German Institute (German: Deutsch-Französisches Institut (DFI)) has its seat at Ludwigsburg.
City government
The town council has 40 members. The last local election was on 25 May 2014. The voter participation was 44.62%. The results of the election were:
Party | Seats | % |
---|---|---|
CDU |
11 | 26.72% |
The Greens |
8 | 19.87% |
SPD | 8 | 18.52% |
Free Voters | 7 | 17.64% |
FDP | 2 | 5.98% |
The Left | 2 | 5.20% |
LUBU | 1 | 3.37% |
REP | 1 | 1.78% |
Business and industry
The
On 5 October 1957, the first 380kV-powerline in Germany between the transformer station Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck and Rommerskirchen went into service.
Local businesses
- GdF Wüstenrot, building and loan association
- Beru AG, automotive supplier
- Getrag GmbH, automotive supplier (founded in Ludwigsburg, now in Untergruppenbach)
- Mann+Hummel, manufacturer of automotive filtration products
- Kreissparkasse Ludwigsburg, bank
- Volksbank Ludwigsburg, bank
- Stihl
- Bosch
- Porsche
- Mieschke Hofman und Partner
- Mercedes-AMG
- Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Education
In 1966, the Ludwigsburg University of Education (Pädagogische Hochschule) a teacher training college, and the Staatliche Sportschule Ludwigsburg (State Sports School) were opened.
Further universities based in Ludwigsburg are the Ludwigsburg University of Applied Sciences (Hochschule für öffentliche Verwaltung und Finanzen Ludwigsburg), a public institution for the training of higher-level Civil Servants), and the Ludwigsburg Evangelical University for Social Works, Church Social Works and Religious Teaching (Evangelische Hochschule Ludwigsburg (Hochschule für Soziale Arbeit, Religionspädagogik und Diakonie)).
In 1991, a national film school, Film Academy Baden-Württemberg (Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg) was established in Ludwigsburg,[12] which has won several national and international awards[13] and is regarded as one of the best film schools in the world.[14]
Since 2007, there is also the Academy of Performing Arts Baden-Wuerttemberg (Akademie für Darstellende Kunst Baden-Württemberg).
Ludwigsburg has eight secondary schools of various types and four
Sports
Ludwigsburg has seven teams in the top level of professional sports. They are
Geography
Districts
Ludwigsburg consists of following districts:
- Mitte (Center)
- West
- Nord (North)
- Ost (East)
- Süd (South)
- Eglosheim
- Grünbühl-Sonnenberg
- Hoheneck, with a therapeutic and thermal bath, opened in 1907
- Neckarweihingen
- Oßweil
- Pflugfelden
- Poppenweiler
Neighbouring towns
The following towns are neighbouring towns of Ludwigsburg, starting north of the city and going clockwise:
.Climate
Ludwigsburg's climate is temperate oceanic (Köppen:Cfb) with warm and rainy summers and cold winters with less precipitation.
Climate data for Ludwigsburg (1991-2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.9 (35.4) |
2.7 (36.9) |
6.4 (43.5) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
18.1 (64.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
19.5 (67.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
10.6 (51.1) |
5.7 (42.3) |
2.7 (36.9) |
10.6 (51.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 49.7 (1.96) |
44.2 (1.74) |
52.5 (2.07) |
43.7 (1.72) |
80.9 (3.19) |
84.8 (3.34) |
87.4 (3.44) |
93.2 (3.67) |
59.3 (2.33) |
60.3 (2.37) |
63.4 (2.50) |
56.7 (2.23) |
776.1 (30.56) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 64.7 | 88.2 | 139.3 | 184.8 | 210 | 226.5 | 241.1 | 227 | 168.2 | 113.2 | 67.9 | 55.2 | 1,786.1 |
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[15][16][17] |
Population growth
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People
Karl Eugen, Duke of Württemberg, enrolled the young
Leopold Mozart visited Württemberg with his son, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in July 1763 and said, "Ludwigsburg is a very special town."[18]
- Antonio Čolak (born 1993), Croatian footballer
- Wilhelm Emil Fein (1842–1898), inventor
- Gerold von Gleich (1869–1938), army officer, military memoirist, physicist
- Wilhelm Groener (1867–1939), officer and politician
- Willi Hennig (1913–1976), biologist and founder of cladistics
- Caesar von Hofacker (1896–1944), Luftwaffe officer and Nazi resistance member, hanged for treason
- Eduard von Kallee (1818–1888), general, painter, and archaeologist
- Richard Kallee (1854–1933), pastor of Stuttgart-Feuerbach
- Justinus Kerner (1786–1862), writer and physician.[19]
- Hartmut Michel (born 1948), co-recipient of 1988 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Eduard Mörike (1804–1875), romantic poet and theologian.[20]
- Nikolaos Nakas (born 1982), German former footballer
- Pfizer Inc.
- Karl Ludwig von Phull (1757–1826), general
- Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart (1739–1791), poet.[21]
- Tony Schumacher (1848–1931), author of children's books
- Hugo Sperrle (1885–1953), field marshal of the Luftwaffe during World War II
- David Friedrich Strauß (1808–1874), theologian and writer.[22]
- Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel (1820–1878), classical scholar.[23]
- Albert Veiel (1806–1874), dermatologist
- Friedrich Theodor Vischer (1807–1887), theologian, professor, and politician.[24]
- Reinhard von Werneck (1757–1842), soldier and director of Munich's Englischer Garten
Notable residents
- Eva Heller (1948–2008), author and social scientist, grew up there
- Ilse Koch (1906–1967), Nazi war criminal, lived there
- Horst Köhler (born 1943), former Federal President of Germany, grew up there[25]
- Hans Scholl (1918–1943), student and resistance fighter, executed by the Nazis
- Sophie Scholl (1921–1943), student and resistance fighter, executed by the Nazis[26]
- Friedrich Silcher (1789–1860), composer, wrote music there
- Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826), composer, wrote music there.[27]
Twin towns – sister cities
Ludwigsburg is twinned with:[28]
- Montbéliard, France (1950)
- Caerphilly, United Kingdom (1960)
- Yevpatoria, Ukraine (1990)
- St. Charles, United States (1995)
- Nový Jičín, Czech Republic (1991)
- Bergamo, Italy (2022)[29]
References
- ^ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse, Staatsanzeiger, accessed 13 September 2021.
- Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg. June 2023.
- ^ Hans-Peter Stika. "Traces of a possible Celtic brewery in Eberdingen-Hochdorf, Kreis Ludwigsburg, southwest Germany" Vegetation History and Archaeobotany Volume 5, Numbers 1–2 (June 1996). Accessed 4 March 2010
- ^ Official website of the Ludwigsburg Palace
- ^ Jewish History of Ludwigsburg Official website of Alemania Judaica. Accessed 3 March 2010
- ISBN 3-89331-208-0(in German)
- ^ Description of cultural tour through Ludwigsburg "Guided City Tours Ludwigsburg." Accessed 3 March 2010
- ^ German Propaganda Archive: Jud Süss. Eight-page flyer from Illustrierter Film-Kurier magazine (1940). Accessed 4 March 2010
- ^ "Erinnerung an zwölf Nazi-Opfer" Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Ludwigsburger Kreiszeitung (3 October 2008) Retrieved 12 June 2010 (in German)
- ^ "Chronik: October 2009" Stolperstein, official website. Retrieved 12 June 2010 (in German)
- ^ "Ludwigsburg". LEO-BW. Baden-Württemberg. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
- ^ "The History of the Baden-Württemberg Film Academy"
- ^ "Filmakademie Baden Württemberg GmbH – Startseite". www.filmakademie.de.
- ^ "Top 15 International Film Schools Revealed". The Hollywood Reporter. 30 July 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ^ "Lufttemperatur: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020" [Air Temperature: Long-term averages for 1991-2020]. dwd.de (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "Niederschlag: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020" [Precipitation: Long-term averages for 1991-2020]. dwd.de (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "Sonnenscheindauer: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020" [Sunshine: Long-term averages for 1991-2020]. dwd.de (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ "Ludwigsburg Travel Guide" world66.com Accessed 4 March 2010
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 757. .
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 837. .
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 397. .
- ^ Smith, John Frederick (1887). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. XXII (9th ed.). .
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 672–673. .
- ^ Sturt, Henry Cecil (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). p. 128. .
- ^ Résumé of President Horst Köhler Archived 21 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine Official presidential website. Retrieved 2 March 2010
- ^ Sophie Scholl in Ludwigsburg. Website about Sophie Scholl's childhood years in Ludwigsburg. Accessed 4 March 2010
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 455–458. .
- ^ "Städtepartnerschaften". ludwigsburg.de (in German). Ludwigsburg. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
- ^ Clemens Flach (21 October 2022). "Bergamo wird Partnerstadt" (in German). Stadt Ludwigsburg. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
Further reading
- Andrea Hahn: Ludwigsburg, Stationen einer Stadt, Andreas Hackenberg Verlag, Ludwigsburg 2004, ISBN 3-937280-02-2
- Gernot von Hahn, Friedhelm Horn: Ludwigsburg, Stadt der Schlösser und Gärten, Medien-Verlag Schubert, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-929229-55-2
- Bruno Hahnemann: Ludwigsburg. Stadt – Schlösser – Blühendes Barock, Verlag Ungeheuer + Ulmer, Ludwigsburg 1979
- on the sidelines, Frederick Forsyth: The Odessa File (ISBN 0-553-27198-9)
- Annette Weinke, Eine Gesellschaft ermittelt gegen sich selbst. Die Geschichte der Zentralen Stelle Ludwigsburg 1958–2008 (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2008).
- Hans H. Pöschko (Hg.), Die Ermittler von Ludwigsburg. Deutschland und die Aufklärung nationalsozialistischer Verbrechen (Berlin: Metropol 2008).
- Tobias Herrmann / Gisela Müller, Mitteilungen aus dem Bundesarchiv. Themenheft 2008: Die Außenstelle Ludwigsburg (Koblenz: Bundesarchiv 2008).
External links
- Official website of the City of Ludwigsburg
- Tourism Information about Ludwigsburg (in German)
- Ludwigsburg at Curlie
Other educational institutions
- Carl-Schaefer-Schule (in German)
- Elly-Heuss-Knapp Realschule (in German)
- Eugen-Bolz Hauptschule (in German)
- Friedrich-Schiller-Gymnasium (in German)
- Goethe-Gymnasium (in German)
- Gottlieb-Daimler Realschule (in German)
- Moerike-Gymnasium (in German)
- Oststadt Hauptschule (in German)
- Otto-Hahn-Gymnasium (in German)
- Uhlandschule Hauptschule (in German)
- Oscar-Walcker-Schule (in German)