Kim Novak
Kim Novak | |
---|---|
Born | Marilyn Pauline Novak February 13, 1933 |
Alma mater | School of the Art Institute of Chicago |
Occupation(s) | Actress, artist |
Years active | 1954–1991, 2014 |
Spouses | |
Website | kimnovakartist |
Marilyn Pauline "Kim" Novak (born February 13, 1933) is an American retired film and television actress and painter. Her contributions to cinema have been honored with two
Novak began her career in 1954 after signing a contract with Columbia Pictures, and quickly became one of Hollywood's top box office stars, appearing in Picnic (1955), The Man with the Golden Arm (1955), and Pal Joey (1957). She gained prominence for her performance in Alfred Hitchcock's thriller Vertigo (1958), which is recognized as one of the greatest films ever made. Other notable films include Bell, Book and Candle (1958), Strangers When We Meet (1960), and Of Human Bondage (1964).
Although at the time still relatively young, Novak withdrew from acting by 1966 and has only sporadically worked in films since. She appeared in The Mirror Crack'd (1980), and had a regular role on the primetime series Falcon Crest (1986–1987).[1] After a disappointing experience during the filming of Liebestraum (1991), she permanently retired from acting, saying she had no desire to return.[2]
Early life
Marilyn Pauline Novak was born in Chicago, Illinois on February 13, 1933.
Novak attended William Penn Elementary, Farragut High School,[12] and Wright Junior College. She won two scholarships to the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.[13]: 71–74 [14][15]
During the summer break in her last semester of junior college, Novak went on a cross-country tour as a promotional model for Detroit Motor Products Corporation's Deepfreeze home freezer at trade shows.[16][17][18] Novak was pronounced "Miss Deepfreeze".[18][19]
Acting career
1953–1958: Early films and breakthrough
In San Francisco, after the refrigerator company tour ended, Novak and two other models decided to travel to Los Angeles, to check out the film industry.[16] In Los Angeles, with two other models, she, as Marilyn Novak,[20] were extras in Son of Sinbad (filmed in 1953, released in 1955), and later, for The French Line (1953), starring Jane Russell at RKO.[16][20] In Los Angeles, Novak was discovered by an agent, who signed her to a long-term contract with Columbia Pictures.[21] From the beginning of her career, she wanted to be an original and not another stereotype. Therefore, Novak fought with Columbia's CEO, Harry Cohn, over the changing of her name. Cohn suggested the name "Kit Marlowe", arguing, "Nobody's gonna go see a girl with a Polack name!", but Novak insisted on keeping her name, saying, "I'm Czech, but Polish, Czech, no matter, it's my name!" They eventually settled on the name "Kim Novak" as a compromise.[22]
Columbia intended for Novak to be their successor to
Novak then played Madge Owens in the film version of Picnic (1955), from the William Inge play, co-starring William Holden and Rosalind Russell. Its director, Joshua Logan, felt that it would be more in character for Novak to have red hair; she agreed to wear a red wig during filming. Logan says Harry Cohn suggested Novak appear in the film but did not insist upon it: the director tested her for the role several times and was delighted with her performance, feeling she was close to her character.[23] Picnic was a resounding critical and box-office triumph, and Novak won a Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer. She was also nominated for the BAFTA Film Award for Best Foreign Actress but did not win. She appeared as a mystery guest on the game show What's My Line? on February 5, 1956, to promote the film's opening at the Radio City Music Hall. Director Otto Preminger then cast her in The Man with the Golden Arm (1955), in which she played Frank Sinatra's sultry ex-girlfriend. In a cast that included Eleanor Parker, Novak received praise for being one of the film's bright spots, and the film was a box-office hit.
Novak's next project,
After appearing in a series of successful movies, Novak became one of the biggest box-office draws of 1957 and 1958. Columbia then placed her in a film adaptation of the musical Pal Joey (also 1957), based on the 1940 novel and Broadway play, both written by John O'Hara. Playing Linda English, a naive showgirl, she again co-starred opposite Frank Sinatra and Rita Hayworth. Released in October, the film received favorable reviews; Variety called the film "strong, funny entertainment," although Novak's performance has generated a mixed reaction, partly because of noticeable lack of on-screen charisma. The movie was a box-office hit and has been considered one of Novak's better performances.
1958: Vertigo
Director Alfred Hitchcock was working on his next film, Vertigo (1958), when his leading actress, Vera Miles, became pregnant and had to withdraw from the complex role of Judy Barton.[25] Hitchcock approached Harry Cohn to offer Novak the female lead without even requesting a screen test. Though Cohn hated the script, he allowed Novak to read it because he considered Hitchcock to be a great director.[26] Novak loved it, as she could identify with the character and agreed to take part in the film without meeting Hitchcock. At the same time, she was striking for more money from Columbia and refused to show up for work on the Vertigo set to protest against her salary of $1,250 a week. Novak hired new agents to represent her and demanded an adjustment in her contract. Cohn, who was paid $250,000 for Novak to do Vertigo, suspended her, but after a few weeks of negotiations, he relented and offered her a new contract worthy of a major star.[27] She was now receiving $3,000 a week and explained to the press, "I don't like to have anyone take advantage of me."
Novak finally reported for work, and according to Hitchcock, she had "all sorts of preconceived notions" about her character, including what she would and would not wear.[28] Before shooting began, she told the director she did not like the grey suit and black shoes she was slated to wear, thinking them too heavy and stiff for her character. Novak later recalled, "I didn't think it would matter to him what kind of shoes I wore. I had never had a director who was particular about the costumes, the way they were designed, the specific colors. The two things he wanted the most were those shoes and that gray suit."[26] Indeed, Hitchcock explained to Novak that the visual aspect of the film was even more important to him than the story, and insisted on her wearing the suit and the shoes that he had been planning for several months.[28] Novak learned to make it work for her, as she saw it as a symbol of her character.[26] Nonetheless, Hitchcock allowed Novak the freedom to develop the character herself. As she later recalled: "It excites me to work on dual personalities because I think I have many myself. And I think that I was able to use so much of me in that movie. At first I was feeling insecure because I kept saying, "Is this right? How do you want me to play this character?" Hitchcock said: "I hired you and that's who I want, what you bring to this role. But what I do expect from you is to stand where I want you to, wear what I want you to and speak in the rhythm that I want you to." And he worked a long time with me to try to get the right rhythm."[25] The role took on a personal significance for her, as she felt she went through the same thing as her character when she arrived in Hollywood:
From my point of view, when I first read those lines where she says, "I want you to love me for me," and all the talking in that scene, I just identified with it so much because going to Hollywood as a young girl and suddenly finding they want to make you over totally, it's such a total change and it was like I was always fighting to show some of myself, feeling that I wanted to be there as well. It was like they'd do my hair and go and redo a bunch of things. So I really identified with the fact of someone that was being made over with the resentment, with wanting to. Needing approval and wanting to be loved and willing, eventually, to go to any lengths to get that by changing her hair and all of these different things. And then when Judy appears, it's another story and then when she has to go through that change. I really identified with the movie because it was saying, "Please, see who I am. Fall in love with me."[25]
Novak described Hitchcock as a gentleman but found the experience of working with him to be strange. "I don't know if he ever liked me. I never sat down with him for dinner or tea or anything, except one cast dinner, and I was late to that. It wasn't my fault, but I think he thought I had delayed to make a star entrance, and he held that against me. During the shooting, he never really told me what he was thinking."[12] The director was actually frustrated to have her instead of Vera Miles, as Novak learned later. "Hitchcock didn't like having me in his picture and he felt I was ruining it. It was only after the film was finished that I heard how much he thought I'd wrecked his picture. I felt I did a lot of good work in that movie, and I got some of the best notices of my career. But Hitchcock couldn't blame himself, so he blamed me."[29] Novak got along well with her co-star, James Stewart, who supported her during the filming of the movie. "He treated me so well. I learned a lot about acting from him. When we had emotional scenes, he had to prepare himself first by somehow going deep inside of himself, and you knew to leave him alone when he was like that. And when it was over, he wouldn't just walk away. He allowed himself to slowly come out of it. He'd hold my hand and I would squeeze his hand so that we both had time to come down from the emotion."[29]
The film had mixed reviews at the time of its release in 1958, and broke even at the box office, but has since been re-evaluated and is widely considered one of the director's best works. In the 2012 British Film Institute's
1958–1965: Career decline and other ventures
Novak again worked with Stewart in Richard Quine's Bell, Book and Candle (also 1958), a comedy tale of modern-day witchcraft also starring Jack Lemmon and Ernie Kovacs that proved to be a box-office success. She then starred opposite Fredric March in the acclaimed romantic drama Middle of the Night (1959), which she has described as not only her favorite of her films, but also cites her performance in the film as her best.
Novak starred opposite Kirk Douglas in the romantic drama Strangers When We Meet (1960), which drew mixed reviews but was a success financially. Richard Quine was the director, as well as her fiancé at the time. The studio planned to give them the house that was built as part of the storyline during the filming as a wedding gift, but their wedding never occurred. Instead, during the last film that Quine and she made together, the British mystery/comedy The Notorious Landlady (1962) with Jack Lemmon and Fred Astaire, she discovered and purchased her future home by the sea near Big Sur in central California. It became her retreat and sanctuary after leaving Hollywood.
She made an independent five-picture deal, with producer
The sex comedy
Novak starred in the historical comedy The Amorous Adventures of Moll Flanders (1965) in England with British actor Richard Johnson.[42] Inspired by the similar movie Tom Jones, it drew negative reviews but was a moderate success at the box office. Novak married Johnson in 1965 and divorced him in the spring of 1966. The divorce was amicable and they remained friendly.
In 1966, Novak was cast as the female lead in the occult-themed mystery Eye of the Devil, co-starring David Niven and Donald Pleasence. The film's premise intrigued Novak, but she found the filming difficult and unpleasant. Novak was forced to leave the film after she fell off a horse, resulting in serious injuries which took time to recover from and she was replaced by Deborah Kerr.[43]
1966–1991: Acting sporadically
By the end of 1966, she was emotionally drained and no longer wanted to live the life of a Hollywood movie star, in the glare of the spotlight with the press scrutinizing her every move.[44] When a mudslide took her Bel Air home and cost her entire life's savings in bulldozer fees, she moved away from Hollywood to Big Sur. From then on, acting became a job and was no longer a career of choice. Novak preferred to concentrate on her first love, the visual arts, often writing poetry to accompany her paintings, and even writing some song lyrics. Harry Belafonte and the Kingston Trio recorded some of her folk songs in the 1960s.[14]
Novak returned to the screen for .
After nearly four years that she described as a "self-imposed vacation", Novak agreed to take part in two projects. She returned to the screen with a role in the horror
In 1980, Novak played fictional actress Lola Brewster in the British mystery-thriller
In 1989, Novak appeared along with James Stewart as a presenter at the
Director Mike Figgis offered Novak the role of a terminally ill writer with a mysterious past in his thriller Liebestraum (1991) opposite Kevin Anderson and Bill Pullman. Novak loved the script and thought it was going to be an important picture. However, her collaboration with Figgis was tense and the two had conflicts from the beginning. Novak agreed to do the film under the impression she was going to play the whole character, but Figgis felt she was unable to play the flashback role the way he wanted, and hired actress Sarah Fearon for those scenes.[19] The two clashed on the set, as their visions of the script differed and were in many ways diametrically opposed. Although she considered him to be a brilliant director, she felt the story was too personal for him, as it was about his own life, and Novak was playing his mother. She was also unhappy, as she felt he wanted her to act like a puppet. "He wanted what he thought Hitchcock had made over. But Hitchcock didn't do that. Figgis didn't know Hitchcock. So he treated me the way he thought Hitchcock must have, tried to manipulate me into doing exactly... I went crazy."[54] Novak later said she was hurt and distraught, as "It was such a painful thing for me because it took me right back to Harry Cohn and all that time. And back into saying, Look, for God's sake, haven't you heard it enough? We don't want you to do anything. Just be 'Kim Novak.' That movie pained me more than any movie in the world could do."[54] Novak later told Movieline in 2005 she felt she had been "unprofessional" not to obey her director. "I know he thinks I'm a total bitch. That role was fabulous, full of depth. When I interpreted it the way I thought was evident in the incredible script, he said, 'We're not making a Kim Novak movie, just say the lines. If you continue to play the role this way, I'm going to cut you out of the movie,' and he pretty much did that."[55]
Novak was supposed to do a comedy with the French director Claude Berri, also starring Peter Falk, and a remake of Bell, Book and Candle with Sharon Stone.[19] Neither film was made, and following the difficult experience with Liebestraum, she has usually cited that experience as the reason for her decision to retire from the film industry.[56] In 2004, she told the Associated Press:
I got so burned out on that picture that I wanted to leave the business, but then if you wait long enough you think, "Oh, I miss certain things." The making of a movie is wonderful. What's difficult is afterward when you have to go around and try to sell it. The actual filming, when you have a good script—which isn't often—nothing beats it.[57]
1992–present: Retirement
After her retirement from acting, Novak made only rare public appearances and turned down most offers she received.[58] In 1996, Vertigo was given a restoration by Robert A. Harris and James C. Katz and re-released to theaters. Novak enjoyed their work so much, she agreed to make appearances at screenings of the film, something she had refused when Universal asked her in 1984.[22] She also took part in Obsessed with Vertigo, a documentary retracing the making and restoration of the film. In 1997, Novak received an Honorary Golden Bear Award for lifetime achievement at the 47th Berlin International Film Festival.[59]
In 2003, Novak was presented with the
In April 2012, Novak was honored at the
After years of seclusion, Novak started to make public appearances more frequently as she felt her body of work was being more appreciated.[66] In 2013, she was recognized as the guest of honor by the Cannes Film Festival and attended the 2013 Festival, where she introduced a new restored version of Vertigo.[67] She also took part in the festival's closing ceremony as a presenter, earning a standing ovation upon her entrance.[68] In 2014, she was a presenter at the
In 2015, Novak attended the 22nd Febiofest international film festival, where she received the Kristián Award for her contribution to world cinema and also had an exhibition of her paintings at the Strahov Monastery.[72] She hosted special screenings of Vertigo featuring live performances of Bernard Herrmann's score by members of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival[73] and by members of the San Francisco Symphony at the Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall in 2016.[74] Also in 2016, Novak was invited by Turner Classic Movies to be a guest on their Caribbean Cruise where she sold five of her paintings and was able to raise nearly $7,000 for the prevention of teenage suicide with the auction of a framed giclée of her.[75]
In 2018, Novak joined in conversation with Larry King for a Q&A session at the Grauman's Egyptian Theatre, in celebration of Vertigo's 60th Anniversary.[76] That same year, she was the recipient of a special sold-out tribute from the Castro Theatre.[77]
Honors
In 1955, Novak won the
Novak influenced many actors, as well as fashion designers with the roles she played.
Personal life
In the mid-1950s, Novak had relationships with
In 1966, Novak left Hollywood for Big Sur, where she raised horses and painted, making an occasional film. In 1974, she met her second husband, equine veterinarian Robert Malloy, when he made a house call after one of her Arabian mares suffered colic.[4] They married on March 12, 1976. As a result of her marriage, she has two adult stepchildren.[88] The couple built a log home along the Williamson River near Chiloquin, Oregon. Malloy died on November 27, 2020.[89]
In 1997, Novak and Malloy bought a 43-acre ranch in Sams Valley, Oregon, which the couple made into their home.[90] Novak took classes in painting with pastels from artists Harley Brown and Richard McKinley. In July 2000, their home burned to the ground, and she lost all her art and the only draft of the autobiography she had been working on for 10 years.[90] In 2006, Novak was injured in a horse-riding accident. She suffered a punctured lung, broken ribs, and nerve damage, but made a full recovery within a year.[91]
In October 2010, her manager, Sue Cameron, reported that Novak had been diagnosed with breast cancer. Cameron also noted that Novak was "undergoing treatment" and "her doctors say she is in fantastic physical shape and should recover very well."[92][93] She did recover well.[94][95] Robert Malloy's ex-wife, Joan Gundlach—the mother of Novak's stepchildren—died by suicide on April 23, 2013, aged 70.[96] Local news at Post Falls, Idaho, where Gundlach's corpse was found in the Spokane River, did not mention her celebrity connection.[97]
In 2014, after Novak's rare public appearance at the 86th Academy Awards, the media and social commentary indicated she was hardly recognized, which resulted in speculation that she had undertaken substantial cosmetic surgery;[94] Donald Trump tweeted "Kim should sue her plastic surgeon!"[98] Novak was devastated by the criticism—"It really did throw me into a tailspin and it hit me hard," and wrote an open letter in which she stood up to all of her Oscar-night "bullies".[99] Novak admitted that she "had fat injections in my face" as she felt "they seemed far less invasive than a face-lift," but later regretted it, "So why did I do it? I trusted somebody doing what I thought they knew how to do best. I should have known better, but what do you do? We do some stupid things in our lives."[58]
Novak continued her creative endeavors as a photographer, poet, and visual artist painting in watercolor, oil, and pastel. Her paintings are
Filmography
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1954 | The French Line | Model | Uncredited |
Pushover | Lona McLane | ||
Phffft | Janis | ||
1955 | Son of Sinbad | Harem Girl | Uncredited |
5 Against the House | Kay Greylek | ||
Picnic | Marjorie "Madge" Owens | ||
The Man with the Golden Arm | Molly Novotny | ||
1956 | The Eddy Duchin Story | Marjorie Oelrichs | |
1957 | Jeanne Eagels | Jeanne Eagels | |
Pal Joey | Linda English | ||
1958 | Vertigo | Judy Barton / Madeleine Elster | |
Bell, Book and Candle | Gillian "Gil" Holroyd | ||
1959 | Middle of the Night | Betty Preisser | |
1960 | Strangers When We Meet | Margaret "Maggie" Gault | |
Pepe | Herself | Cameo | |
1962 | The Notorious Landlady | Mrs. Carlyle "Carly" Hardwicke | |
Boys' Night Out | Cathy | ||
1964 | Of Human Bondage | Mildred Rogers | |
Kiss Me, Stupid | Polly the Pistol | ||
1965 | The Amorous Adventures of Moll Flanders | Moll Flanders | |
1968 | The Legend of Lylah Clare | Lylah Clare/Elsa Brinkmann/Elsa Campbell | |
1969 | The Great Bank Robbery
|
Sister Lyda Kebanov | |
1973 | Tales That Witness Madness | Auriol Pageant | Segment #4 "Luau" |
The Third Girl from the Left | Gloria Joyce | Television film | |
1975 | Satan's Triangle | Eva | |
1977 | The White Buffalo | Mrs. Poker Jenny Schermerhorn | Alternative title: Hunt to Kill |
1979 | Just a Gigolo | Helga von Kaiserling | |
1980 | The Mirror Crack'd | Lola Brewster | |
1983 | Malibu | Billie Farnsworth | Television film |
1990 | The Children | Rose Sellars | |
1991 | Liebestraum | Lillian Anderson Munnsen | Final film appearance (to date) |
Awards and nominations
Year | Award | Category | Title of work | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1955 | Golden Globe Award
|
Most Promising Newcomer - Female | Phffft | Won |
1956 | Photoplay Awards | Most Popular Female Star | — | Won |
1957 | Golden Globe Award | World Film Favorite - Female | — | Won |
BAFTA Awards
|
Best Foreign Actress | Picnic | Nominated | |
Golden Apple Award | Most Cooperative Actress | — | Won | |
1960 | Hollywood Walk of Fame | Motion Picture Star | — | Won |
1958 | Laurel Awards | Top Female Star | — | 3rd place |
1959 | — | 12th place | ||
1960 | — | 8th place | ||
1961 | — | 6th place | ||
1962 | — | 13th place | ||
1963 | — | 11th place | ||
1997 | 47th Berlin International Film Festival | Honorary Golden Bear | — | Won |
2003 | George Eastman Museum | George Eastman Award | — | Won |
2012 | San Francisco Museum and Historical Society
|
S.F. Cinematic Icon Award | — | Won |
2015 | Febiofest | Kristián Award | — | Won |
See also
References
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- ^ SFGate, August 29, 2010: Kim Novak surfaces to retrace past in boxed set Relinked June 20, 2014
- ^ ISBN 9780498024573– via Google Books.
- ^ a b Chicago Tribune, July 29, 2010: Kim Novak: The road from Chicago[permanent dead link] Relinked June 20, 2014
- ^ "Statesman Journal from Salem, Oregon on January 17, 1987 · Page 10". Newspapers.com. January 17, 1987. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
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- ^ Novak (1959). "Illinois, Cook County, Birth Certificates, 1871-1949". FamilySearch.
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- ^ Novak, Kim (June 14, 2016). "Kim Novak's Favorite Things". The Wall Street Journal.
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- ^ a b "Son of Sinbad (1955)". Catalog. American Film Institute. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
- ^ a b Stated in live interview with Robert Osborne; aired on Turner Classic Movies March 6, 2013.
- ^ a b c Shales, Tom (October 14, 1996). "Kim Novak: No Fear of Falling". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
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- ^ Erickson, Hal (2008). "Jeanne Eagels (1957)". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 16, 2008. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
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- ^ Thomas, Bob (November 27, 1957). "Kim Novak Explains Her Sit-Down Strike". The Miami News. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
- ^ ISBN 978-2-07-073574-7.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-56980-310-3.
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- ^ "BFI's Sight & Sound Critics' poll 2012". BFI. Archived from the original on August 2, 2012. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
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- ^ Nixon, Rob. "Boys' Night Out (1962)". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
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- ^ "Most Popular Film Star." Times [London, England] December 31, 1965: 13. The Times Digital Archive. Web. September 16, 2013.
- ^ "Eye of the Devil". January 1, 1968.
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- ^ Miller, Frank. "The Legend of Lylah Clare (1968)". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
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- ^ Smith, Liz (August 5, 2005). "Excite - Liz Smith". excite.com. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
- ^ Stein, Ruthe (August 29, 2010). "Kim Novak surfaces to retrace past in boxed set". SFGate.
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- ^ a b Stein, Ruthe (October 14, 2013). "Kim Novak returning to S.F. to share her art". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
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- ^ a b "Kim Novak says she's bipolar, regrets leaving Hollywood". Los Angeles Times. April 13, 2012.
- ^ Kim Novak: Her Tips on Aging, Lasting Beauty and Life Advice Archived April 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "'Vertigo' Star Kim Novak to Be Honored at TCM Classic Film Festival". The Hollywood Reporter. March 6, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^ "Kim Novak tribute at Old Mint". Sfgate. July 9, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
- ^ Meline, Gabe (February 10, 2016). "Kim Novak Opens Up: 'I Think I'm Appreciated More Now'". KQED. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
- ^ "Kim Novak, Guest of Honour at the 66th Festival de Cannes". Cannes. April 22, 2013. Archived from the original on June 16, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
- ^ "Todd McCarthy's Cannes Awards Analysis". The Hollywood Reporter. May 26, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
- ^ Novak, Kim. "Vertigo / Vortex of Delusion". KimNovakArtist.com. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
- ^ "CUNARD TO WELCOME KIM NOVAK ABOARD QUEEN MARY 2 THIS JULY". Cruise Line. May 26, 2013. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
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- ^ Johnston, Raymond (March 21, 2015). "Kim Novak shows her paintings at Strahov". The Prague Post. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
- ^ "TIFF on Sept. 20: Kim Novak hosts Alfred Hitchcock, and TIFF People's Choice". Febiofest. September 20, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
- ^ "Kim Novak offers perspectives on 'Vertigo'". The San Francisco Examiner. February 9, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
- ^ Novak, Kim (March 22, 2016). "Kim Novak's Caribbean TCM cruise". Facebook. Archived from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
- ^ AmericanCinematheque [@SidGrauman] (May 18, 2018). ""Thank you Kim and Larry for a fantastic evening! Now for Vertigo in 70mm (a print that came in from the UK). Trivia: PAL JOEY co-starring Kim Novak originally premiered at the Egyptian Theatre. Kim Novak is part of our history many times over."" (Tweet). Retrieved May 26, 2016 – via Twitter.
- The San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Hollywood Star Project: Kim Novak". LA Times Hollywood Star Project. 2010. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
- ^ "Naomi Watts interview". Lynchnet.com. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
- ^ "The Hitchcock Hollywood Portfolio". Vanity Fair. March 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
- ^ Striegel, Steve (May 2, 2012). "TCM Fest 2012 – The Whirlpool in Kim Novak's Eyes". International Cinephile Society. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
- ^ "How The Times tracked Alexander McQueen's career". The Times. London. February 11, 2010. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
- ^ December 2014 BBC Documentary, Sammy Davis, Jr. "The Kid in the middle"
- ^ According to his official website, michaelbrandon.net
- ^ It is pretty tough, but just possible, to read 'Wilt' and think, The poor little guy! Frank Deford, Sports Illustrated, January 21, 1974
- ^ "David Hemmings".
- ^ "Novak Gets Divorce At Salinas", The Capital Journal, May 26, 1966
- ^ CNN, January 5, 2004: Larry King Live: Interview With Kim Novak (transcript) Relinked June 20, 2014
- ^ "3636783979735194 631092706971018". Facebook.
- ^ a b Mail Tribune, July 25, 2000: Kim Novak's home burns Archived August 13, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Relinked June 20, 2014
- ^ Archerd, Army (July 24, 1967). "Novak talks of quitting". Variety.
- ^ Freeman, David W (October 20, 2010). "Kim Novak, Star of "Vertigo," Battling Breast Cancer: What Are Her Odds?". CBS News. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
- ^ "Vertigo star Kim Novak diagnosed with breast cancer". The Telegraph. October 21, 2010. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
- ^ a b McDonald, Soraya Nadia (April 18, 2014). "Kim Novak responds to post-Oscars ridicule: 'I was bullied.'". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
- ^ Williams, Mary Elizabeth (March 5, 2014). "Kim Novak and the curse of the beauty". Salon. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
- ^ Walker, Brian (April 27, 2013). "Missing woman's body found". Coeur d'Alene Press.
- ^ "Missing Post Falls Woman Found Dead". KHQ.com. April 24, 2013.
- ^ Hattenstone, Simon (February 15, 2021). "Kim Novak on Hitchcock, Sinatra and why she turned her back on Hollywood to paint". The Guardian.
- ^ Novak, Kim (April 17, 2014). "KIM NOVAK SPEAKS OUT ABOUT OSCAR BULLYING". Facebook. Archived from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
- ^ Kim Novak's official artist website Linked March 21, 2014
- ^ "Kim Novak: Her Art & Life – The Butler Institute of American Art".
- ^ "Kim Novak – The Butler Institute of American Art".
- ^ "Hitchcock Icon Kim Novak Ditched Hollywood to Become a Painter". The New York Observer. January 13, 2020.
Further reading
- Barnett, Vincent L. (2007). "Dualling for Judy: The concept of the double in the films of Kim Novak". Film History. 19 (1). Indiana University Press: 86–101. S2CID 191481102.
- I Was In Life: Kim Novak Remembers (photo feature) LIFE
- Kim Novak: Her Art and Life, 2021 - publisher, The Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown OH