Kingdom of Livonia
Kingdom of Livonia | |
|---|---|
| 1570–1579 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Livonia, as shown in the 1573 map of Johannes Portantius | |
| Status | Client state of the Tsardom of Russia |
| Capital | Pahlen |
| Government | Monarchy |
| King | |
• 1570–1579 | Magnus |
| History | |
• Established | 1570 |
• Disestablished | 1579 |
The Kingdom of Livonia[a] was a nominal state in what is now the territory of Estonia and Latvia. Russian tsar Ivan IV declared the establishment of the kingdom during the Livonian War of 1558–1583, but it never functioned properly as a polity.
In 1570,
History
On 10 June 1570,
On 6 July, the new king Magnus of Livonia departed from Moscow with 20,000 Russian soldiers for the conquest of Swedish-controlled
In 1577, having lost Ivan's favor and getting no support from his brother, Magnus called on the Livonian nobility to rally to him in a struggle against foreign occupation. Ivan's forces attacked him and took him prisoner. On his release, he renounced his royal title.[4] Magnus spent the last six years of his life at the castle of Pilten in the Bishopric of Courland, where he died (March 1583) as a pensioner of the Polish crown.[5]
The
Notes
References
- ^ a b c d Madariaga 2006, pp. 253–254.
- ISBN 9949-407-18-4.
- ^ Madariaga 2006, p. 264.
- ISBN 0-415-02472-2.
- ^
Lockhart, Paul Douglas (2004). Frederik II and the Protestant Cause: Denmark's Role in the Wars of Religion. BRILL. pp. 38–39. ISBN 90-04-13790-4.
Bibliography
- Madariaga, Isabel de (25 September 2006). Ivan the Terrible. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11973-2.
External links
- Møntfund i Estland med danske Vikingemønter (in Danish)
- Die Münzen von Herzog Magnus (in German)