Kirkland Lake
Kirkland Lake | |
---|---|
Timiskaming | |
Established | 1919 (Township of Teck) |
Incorporated | 1972 (Town) |
Government | |
• Mayor | Stacy Wight |
• Town Council | Councillors (as of 2018) |
• 705 | |
Website | www |
Kirkland Lake is a town and municipality in
The community name was based on a nearby lake which in turn was named after Winnifred Kirkland, a secretary of the Ontario Department of Mines in Toronto. The lake was named by surveyor Louis Rorke in 1907.[2] Miss Kirkland never visited the town, and the lake that bore her name did not exist as it dried because of mine tailings, but recently due to floodings of the mineshafts has come back up to about half of its initial deepness. The community comprises Kirkland Lake (Teck Township), as well as Swastika, Chaput Hughes, Bernhardt, and Morrisette Township.
Kirkland Lake was built on gold, but is also notable for its hockey players. As well, hockey broadcaster Foster Hewitt called Kirkland Lake "the town that made the NHL."[2]: 212 The town celebrated this via Hockey Heritage North, which was renamed Heritage North.
Until January 1, 1972, the town was known as Township of Teck. A by-law was introduced, on July 20, 1971, to change the municipality's name to Town of Kirkland Lake, effective January 1, 1972.[3]
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Government_Road_-_Kirkland_Lake%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada_%28c._1920%29.jpg/220px-Government_Road_-_Kirkland_Lake%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada_%28c._1920%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1928_Photo_of_the_Wood_Kirkland_Gold_Mine_%2C_Kirkland_Lake_%2C_Ontario_%2C_Canada.jpg/220px-1928_Photo_of_the_Wood_Kirkland_Gold_Mine_%2C_Kirkland_Lake_%2C_Ontario_%2C_Canada.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Toburn_Mines_%28Tough-Oakes_Burnside_Mine_1931.jpg/220px-Toburn_Mines_%28Tough-Oakes_Burnside_Mine_1931.jpg)
Gold in the Kirkland Lake region was originally reported in the late 1800s by Chief Ignace Tonené of the Temagami First Nation. In fact, he staked a claim near the north arm of Larder Lake but stated it was jumped (stolen). No action was taken on his report. Chief Tonene Lake was named in his honour. Chief Ignace Tonené would go on to help form Beaverhouse First Nation.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Tournenie_%28HS85-10-21122%29.jpg/220px-Tournenie_%28HS85-10-21122%29.jpg)
Later, Tom Price discovered a boulder containing gold on a visit to the Kirkland Lake area in 1906.[4]: 8
In 1911, important claims were made along the Main Break. John Hunton staked claims on February 18, 1911, which were incorporated as the Hunton Gold Mines Ltd. in April 1914, eventually becoming part of the Amalgamated Kirkland. Stephen Orr filed claims on February 22, 1911, the basis for the Teck-Hughes Mine and the Orr Gold Mines Ltd, which was incorporated in June 1913. George Minaker staked claims on February 23, 1911, part of which he sold to (Sir) Harry Oakes in September 1912, becoming part of the Lake Shore Mine. John Reamsbottom filed claims on April 18, 1911, which became part of the Teck-Hughes Mine.
It was at Teck-Hughes mine that miners and engineers developed Teck cable for sturdy electrical transmission. That type of cable is now used on electrical projects around the world.
C.A. McKane staked claims on April 20, 1911, which became the Kirkland Lake Gold Mine. A. Maracle staked claims on June 5, 1911, which became part of the Townsite claims. Melville McDougall staked claims on June 27, 1911, which he transferred to Oakes on September 6, 1912, and became the part of the Lake Shore Mine. Jack Matchett staked a claim on July 7, 1911, later acquired by Oakes, which became part of the Townsite Mine. On July 10, 1911, Dave Elliott staked claims which became the Macassa Mine. "Swift" Burnside staked claims on July 26–28, 1911, which became part of the Tough-Oakes Burnside Mine. Bill Wright filed claims on July 27–29, 1911, and on September 16, 1911, with his brother-in-law Ed. Hargreaves, which became part of the Sylvanite Mine. This claim extended into the lake's southeastern portion. More importantly, Wright found free gold near the future site of the Discovery Shaft. Ed. Horne staked a claim on October 12, 1911, which became part of the Townsite Mine, and the incorporation of Kirkland Townsite Gold Mines Ltd. in 1917. On January 8, 1912, Harry Oakes partnered with the Tough brothers plus Clem. Foster, who owned the Foster Silver Mine in Cobalt, staked claims which incorporated the No. 2 Vein and eventually led to the incorporation of Tough-Oakes Gold Mines Ltd. in 1913. Oakes filed additional claims on July 30, 1912, and Wright on August 26, 1912, both within the lake and eventually becoming parts of the Lake Shore Mine.[4]: 14–17, 21–27
By 1914, there was one mine in operation, the Tough-Oakes, which included electric power transmitted from
In order to maximize taxation revenue from existing and potential mines in the area, the six square mile Municipal Corporation of the Township of Teck was formed with Wellington J. McLeod as the first
The Kirkland Lake camp produced $636,667 worth of gold in 1918 and that rose to a value of $17,000,000 in 1930. As Pain points out, "Kirkland Lake camp came to occupy a position of real importance in the mining world." By 1934, the production had reached $34,000,000 and 2,000,000 tons were being milled annually. Peak employment of 4,761 wage earners occurred in 1939, but that dropped to 2,064 by 1944. The 1939 population was 24,200.[2]: 212 [4]: 50, 76, 78, 81
Early in the
Kirkland Lake's first fire hall was established in 1935 and the second fire hall in 1955.
In 1963 the open-pit Adams Mine began developing its iron ore resources. The mine would stay in production until 1990.
The Kirkland Lake Community Complex, now the Joe Mavrinac Community Complex, opened in 1979. Home of the Kirkland Lake Aquatic Club (KLAC) which has been the starting point for Dominique Bouchard - Olympic Swimmer, Rodney Thomas - Canada Games Double Gold medalist and numerous other university Varsity level scholarship swimmers.
In the early 1980s,
Between October and December 1988, Kirkland Lake was the filming location for the drama film Termini Station (1989).[9]
On the morning of Sunday, May 20, 2012, a
On December 18, 2012, the town council voted to have fluoride removed from the local water treatment facility, after a breakdown left the town with a bill of $360,000.[12]
Geography
Kirkland Lake includes the townships of Teck, Bernhardt and Morrisette.[13]
Kirkland Lake is located in the resource-rich
Noticeable local landmarks include
Geology
Kirkland Lake is located within the
In the early days of staking claims, most prospectors tried to understand the lateral extent of this east–west trending vein defining the Main Break, as well as the associated veins paralleling it, e.g. South Vein, No. 2 Vein, No. 6 Vein, No. 7 Vein, etc. Most importantly, prospecting was extensive in the hopes the vein extended under the southern portion of Kirkland Lake.[4]: 29–31
Telluride minerals were present in the Tough-Oakes ore. They are also present in the Sylvanite Mine, though sylvanite is not one of them. The Sylvanite Mine started a 200-ton mill in 1927 and shafts reached 2,000 feet (610 m) by 1930.[4]: 25, 29, 50
Kirkland Lake Gold Mines Ltd. was incorporated in 1913 before the property was taken over by Cobalt's Beaver Consolidated Mines Ltd. after a shaft was sunk 80 feet (24 m). They formed the Kirkland Lake Gold Mining Company in 1915 and the main shaft was sunk 800 feet (240 m), which prompted the building on a mill in 1919. Shafts reached a depth of 1,600 feet (490 m) before the mine closed in 1924. Operations restarted in 1926 with new financing organized by Dr. J.B. Tyrrell, and high-grade ore was found at 2,475 feet (754 m). By 1930, the mine had reached a depth of 4,000 feet (1,200 m) and had acquired the Chaput-Highes claim to the south. The property was acquired by the Kirkland Minerals Corporation in 1956.[4]: 44, 52–53
Tough-Oakes produced 213 tons of high-grade ore in 1914. Operations included a
Lake Shore Mines Ltd. was incorporated in February 1914. Oakes proceeded with sending a crosscut from his shaft on the South Vein towards the anticipated Main Break under the lake to the north. This crosscut encountered high-grade ore and a 100-ton mill was in operation by March 1918. Their No. 1 shaft reached a depth of 1,600 feet (490 m) and their No. shaft a depth of 1,000 feet (300 m) by 1930 and was considered "the wonder mine" by Pain. There was 1,600 feet of high-grade ore at the 1,000-foot level and 2,400 feet (730 m) at the 2,400-foot level.[4]: 40–42, 50, 76
Wright-Hargreaves Mines Ltd. was incorporated in 1916. The Wright-Hargreaves Mine had a 100-ton a day mill operating by 1921 and shafts reached a depth of 2,000 feet (610 m) by 1930. Almost 900 feet (270 m) of high-grade ore was found between the 500-foot (150 m) level down to 1,750 feet (530 m).[4]: 40, 43, 50, 76
In 1916, the Teck-Hughes Mine built a 50-ton cyanide mill after the No. 1 shaft reached a depth of 500 feet (150 m). In 1923, the company was reorganized as Teck-Highes Gold Mines Ltd, which included the Orr claim to the south. The central shaft reached a depth of 2,980 feet (910 m) and a south shaft was sunk in 1928 to reach a depth of 3,600 feet (1,100 m). A 1000-ton per day mill was in operation by 1930. High-grade ore of up to 1,000 feet (300 m) was found on six levels.[4]: 43, 51–52, 76
Macassa Mines Ltd. was organized in 1926, which included the Elliott claims. Mill operations started in 1933 and acquired the United Kirkland Gold Mines Ltd. claims to the south.[4]: 54–55
The lake itself was gradually filled in by mill tailings, such that the water had disappeared by 1930. By 1960, 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of underground workings were in the Kirkland Lake camp and 12 miles (19 km) of direct hoisting shafts. The Lake Shore and Wright-Hargreaves mines had the deepest working depths in the world, at 8,200 feet (2,500 m) below the surface.[4]: 98–99
Climate
Kirkland Lake enjoys four distinct seasons. Spring and autumn offer a mix of warm sunny days and crisp, cool nights. Summers are comfortably warm, with dry air and temperatures reaching into the mid-20-degree Celsius range (mid-70s Fahrenheit). Winter temperatures may seem brisk, but high winds and high humidity are rare, allowing residents to take full advantage of outside recreational activities.
Climate data for Kirkland Lake (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 8.0 (46.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
18.5 (65.3) |
29.0 (84.2) |
35.6 (96.1) |
37.5 (99.5) |
38.9 (102.0) |
36.7 (98.1) |
32.8 (91.0) |
26.1 (79.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
38.9 (102.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −10.3 (13.5) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
7.6 (45.7) |
16.2 (61.2) |
21.3 (70.3) |
23.9 (75.0) |
22.1 (71.8) |
16.3 (61.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −16.9 (1.6) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
1.6 (34.9) |
9.7 (49.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
17.8 (64.0) |
16.3 (61.3) |
11.2 (52.2) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−12 (10) |
1.8 (35.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −23.4 (−10.1) |
−21.4 (−6.5) |
−14 (7) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
3.1 (37.6) |
8.4 (47.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
10.6 (51.1) |
6.1 (43.0) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−17.2 (1.0) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −47 (−53) |
−43.5 (−46.3) |
−41 (−42) |
−28.9 (−20.0) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−9.5 (14.9) |
−13 (9) |
−31.5 (−24.7) |
−42 (−44) |
−47 (−53) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 68.5 (2.70) |
54.1 (2.13) |
54.8 (2.16) |
49.9 (1.96) |
74.4 (2.93) |
84.9 (3.34) |
91.5 (3.60) |
96.9 (3.81) |
90.3 (3.56) |
78.9 (3.11) |
62.2 (2.45) |
76.9 (3.03) |
883.4 (34.78) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 2.2 (0.09) |
1.4 (0.06) |
10.9 (0.43) |
27.5 (1.08) |
72.8 (2.87) |
84.9 (3.34) |
91.5 (3.60) |
96.9 (3.81) |
90.3 (3.56) |
74.9 (2.95) |
23.8 (0.94) |
3.0 (0.12) |
580.0 (22.83) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 66.3 (26.1) |
52.7 (20.7) |
44.0 (17.3) |
22.4 (8.8) |
1.6 (0.6) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
4.0 (1.6) |
38.5 (15.2) |
73.9 (29.1) |
303.4 (119.4) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 14.9 | 10.5 | 9.2 | 8.8 | 12.1 | 13.9 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 15.3 | 14.4 | 14.1 | 16.5 | 157.8 |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0.31 | 0.44 | 1.7 | 5.3 | 11.9 | 13.9 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 15.3 | 13.0 | 4.0 | 0.87 | 95.0 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 14.7 | 10.3 | 8.3 | 4.1 | 0.56 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 10.4 | 15.6 | 66.0 |
Source: Environment Canada[17] |
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1938 | 26,000 | — |
1939 | 25,000 | −3.8% |
1941 | 21,500 | −14.0% |
1943 | 15,888 | −26.1% |
1945 | 20,000 | +25.9% |
1971 | 13,599 | −32.0% |
1981 | 12,219 | −10.1% |
1991 | 10,440 | −14.6% |
2021 | 7,750 | −2.9% |
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Kirkland Lake had a population of 7,750 living in 3,775 of its 4,353 total private dwellings, a change of -2.9% from its 2016 population of 7,981. With a land area of 261.29 km2 (100.88 sq mi), it had a population density of 29.7/km2 (76.8/sq mi) in 2021.[18]
Canada 2006 Census | Population | % of Total Population | |
---|---|---|---|
Visible minority group Source:[19] |
South Asian | 10 | 0.1 |
Chinese |
25 | 0.3 | |
Black | 40 | 0.5 | |
Filipino |
15 | 0.2 | |
Latin American |
0 | 0 | |
Southeast Asian | 0 | 0 | |
Other visible minority | 0 | 0 | |
Total visible minority population | 90 | 1.1 | |
Aboriginal group Source:[19] |
First Nations | 185 | 2.3 |
Métis |
260 | 3.2 | |
Inuit | 0 | 0 | |
Total Aboriginal population | 460 | 5.7 | |
White |
7,480 | 93.2 | |
Total population | 8,030 | 100 |
Economy
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Kirkland_Lake_monument.jpg/200px-Kirkland_Lake_monument.jpg)
The town experienced an economic decline in the late 1900s, with the closing of the original mines. That ended in 2001, when Foxpoint Resources (now
- Kirkland Lake Gold Ltd. continues to expand its operations. Since December 2002, the company's confirmed gold reserves have increased by 160% to 2,022,000 tons with an average ore veinsever found in the history of the Kirkland Lake camp, a move which will significantly increase the mine's life span.
- While the forestry industry has been hard hit across Canada, the impact on Kirkland Lake has been mitigated by the conversion of the existing Tembec Forest Products Group's Kenogami sawmill into a value-added centre for the manufacturing of finger-jointed lumber. The new centre, located on the outskirts of KL, opened in July 2006. It will employ between 70 and 92 workers. Under an innovative Public-Private partnership, the municipality is working with Rosko Forestry Operations to establish a specialty sawmillin the Archer Drive Industrial Park that will sell into the Canadian market.
- The local tourism industry has provided a much needed depth to the local economy. Star attractions include the Sir Harry Oakes Chateau, the Miners' Memorial,[20] and Heritage North[21] (an 18,000-square-foot (1,700 m2) interactive facility telling the story of hockey in the north). Upcoming attractions include a refurbishment of the historical Toburn Headframe. Event based tourism is also strong. Some of the most popular draws include a drag racingevent in the summer and a national snow cross racing event in the winter.
- Prospects for an expansion of the Town's medical centre promise to make the community more attractive to professionals in the fields of medicine and education. Veterans Affairs Canada is also growing its client service operations. The local office is now the primary service bureau for over 100,000 clients across central and eastern Canada.
Through the 1990s, one of the town's dominant political and economic controversies surrounded a proposal to ship
Kirkland Lake is also self-sufficient when it comes to power production with a generator that produces up to 117MW.
Kirkland Lake also has a
Arts and culture
The Kirkland Lake area continues to support a strong tourist industry throughout the year. The summers are met with a number of anglers, hunters, and campers looking for adventure. Winters are especially popular as a result of the well maintained snow mobile trails in the area. There are also a number of tourist destinations in the area, including the recently developed Hockey Heritage North. It also has a strong community built on music. Local attractions include:
- Kirkland Lake Miners' Memorial.
- Blueberry Festival - an annual summer event at Esker Lakes Provincial Park.
- Toburn Mine - This mine was the first producing mine in Kirkland Lake and the old headframe is a recognized cultural asset.[23]
- Wright-Hargreaves Park - Site of the former Wright-Hargreaves mine that used to be one of the most productive and deepest gold mines in the world.[23]
- Homecoming Week - during the week of Canada Day (July 1).[24]
- Winter Carnival - beginning in mid-February.[25]
Homecoming Week
The Kirkland Lake Festivals Committee hosts an annual homecoming week. Many former residents return home for the celebrations. The 2019 homecoming week will be a celebration of the community's 100th anniversary.
Homecoming events included free kids events, Shakespeare in the Park, a BMX, skateboard and scooter extreme park competition, a local food fair, free kids matinees, splash park events, golf tournaments, A day in the park at the Toburn Mine site, fireworks and more. The Festivals Committee also hosts free Canada Day celebrations with fireworks.
Winter Carnival
The Kirkland Lake Festivals Committee hosts an annual
The 2018 Kirkland Lake Winter Carnival featured 18 days of events between February 15–March 4 including: the Alamos Gold $50,000 Ice Fishing Derby, Hockey Tournament, Kids Winter Jam Party featuring the Stars of Pop, 3 nights of Kabaret, Kirkland Lake Skating Club's Ice Show, fireworks, free sleigh rides, a comedy night, free skating parties, a magic show, free kids matinees and the NorthernTel Kids Carnival on the Family Day holiday.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Kirkland Lake is served by
Healthcare
The Kirkland and District Hospital serves the area.
Education
Kirkland Lake has two secondary schools, each catering to a different language group: the École secondaire catholique l'Envolée du Nord, a French Catholic school; and the Kirkland Lake District Composite School, an English secondary school also featuring French immersion instruction (opened in 2006; from 1923 - 2006 students attended Kirkland Lake Collegiate and Vocational Institute, also known as KLCVI).
Elementary schools in Kirkland Lake include Central Public School (French immersion, public), Federal Public School (English, public), Sacred Heart School, (French immersion and English, Catholic), St. Jerome School (French immersion and English, Catholic), and Ecole Assomption (French, Catholic).
The community is also home to a campus of the Northern College of Applied Arts and Technology.
Kirkland Lake also includes the Teck Centennial Public Library.
Media
The city's primary newspaper is Northern News. Formerly a daily paper, Northern News now publishes three times per week.
Radio
- FM 90.3 - CBCR-FM, CBC Radio One
- FM 93.7 - Première Chaîne
- FM 101.5 - Hot Adult Contemporary
Television
The town is served by a
Notable people
- John Allan - Canadian Forces officer who served as Commander of Maritime Commandfrom 1979 to 1980
- Ralph Backstrom - NHL hockey player
- Lee Barkell - figure skater (represented Canada - gold medals), high performance coach (Olympic level)
- Mario Bernardi - conductor, pianist
- Don Biederman - racing driver
- Buddy Boone - NHL hockey player
- Bill Brydge - NHL hockey player
- Toller Cranston - Olympic figure skater, painter
- Dan Daoust - NHL hockey player
- Dick Duff - NHL hockey player
- Bill Durnan - NHL goalie
- Murray Hall - NHL hockey player
- Ed Havrot - politician
- Karl Brooks Heisey - Canadian mining engineer/executive
- Floyd "Bud" Hillman- AHL and NHL hockey player
- Larry Hillman - NHL and WHA - hockey player and Winnipeg Jets first coach
- Wayne Hillman - NHL and WHA - hockey player
- Michael Hogan - actor
- Bob Howes - professional football player in the CFL and former head football coach for Queen's University
- Kimmo Innanen - astrophysicist
- Daryl Kramp - former politician (elected as the Prince Edward–Hastings MP in 2004)
- Megan Leslie - politician (elected as the Halifax MP in 2008)
- Michael Mahonen - actor
- Diane Marleau - politician
- Sara Mayhew - manga artist, writer, illustrator
- Kurtis McLean - NHL hockey player
- Bob Murdoch - NHL hockey player, coach
- Claude Noël - NHL hockey player, former coach of the Winnipeg Jets NHL franchise
- Sir Harry Oakes - mining millionaire
- Barclay Plager - NHL hockey player, coach
- Bill Plager - NHL hockey player
- Bob Plager (1943–2021) - NHL hockey player
- Daren Puppa - NHL hockey player
- Dick Redmond - NHL hockey player
- Mickey Redmond - NHL hockey player, sports broadcaster
- Ann Shipley - reeve, Teck Township (1943–1952)
- Terry Slater - hockey player and coach
- Alan Thicke - actor from Growing Pains and composer of TV theme songs Facts of Life and Diff'rent Strokes
- Mike Walton - NHL and WHA player
- Tom Webster (ice hockey) - NHL and WHA player, NHL coach and scout
- William Henry Wright - mining millionaire
In popular culture
Termini Station was filmed in Kirkland Lake.[31]
See also
- List of francophone communities in Ontario
- Matachewan, Ontario
- Cobalt silver rush
- Porcupine Gold Rush
- Red Lake, Ontario
- Greenstone, Ontario
- Hemlo, Ontario
References
- ^ a b c "Census Profile: Kirkland Lake, Ontario". 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
- ^ ISBN 1-55046-146-X.
- ^ "Bylaws". Kirkland Lake Town Council. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Pain, S.A. (1960). Three Miles of Gold: The Story of Kirkland Lake. Toronto: The Ryerson Press. p. 63.
- ^ "Kirkland Lake A historical perspective" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2012. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
- ^ Barnes, Michael (April 2011). "Life in Kirkland Lake during World War II". Gold in Kirkland Lake. General Store Publishing House. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
- ^ "KIRKLAND LAKE (KIRKLAND) CEMETERY". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
- ISBN 1-55046-146-X.
- ^ "Termini Station". IMDb.com. Retrieved July 13, 2011.
- ^ "300 evacuate forest fire in Kirkland Lake". Toronto Sun. May 21, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- ^ "Kirkland Lake no longer under state of emergency". CBC.ca. May 29, 2012. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ "Kirkland Lake flushes fluoride from drinking water". CBC.ca. December 19, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
- ^ "Municipal Government Structure". Discoverkl.ca. Archived from the original on August 3, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
- ^ C. Michael Hogan PhD (November 24, 2008). "Black Spruce: Picea mariana". GlobalTwitcher. Archived from the original on May 24, 2013. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
- ^ Cater, D.F. (1991). "Macassa Mine Geology". Society of Economic Geologists. Archean Gold Deposits of the Matachewan-Kirkland Lake-Larder Lake Area, Ontario, Canada (Guidebook Series Vol. II): 9, 12, 15.
- ISBN 091978352X.
- Environment Canada. Archived from the originalon July 18, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Ontario". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
- ^ Canada 2006 Census. Statistics Canada. Archived from the originalon February 3, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- ^ "History of Kirkland Lake". Town of Kirkland Lake. Archived from the original on August 15, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2008.
- ^ "Hockey Heritage North". Hockey Heritage North. Archived from the original on December 15, 2008. Retrieved December 25, 2008.
- ^ "Kirkland Lake Mall" (PDF).
- ^ a b Economic Development Division, Town of Kirkland Lake, Kirkland Lake Visitor's Guide, 2009
- ^ "Kirkland Lake Homecoming Week". Kirkland Lake Festivals Committee. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ "Winter Carnival". Kirkland Lake Festivals Committee. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ "Getting Around". Town of Kirkland Lake. Archived from the original on November 30, 2009. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
- ^ "Kirkland Lake Airport". Town of Kirkland Lake. Retrieved July 20, 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Community Services". Town of Kirkland Lake. Archived from the original on March 13, 2010. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
- ^ "Community Profile". Town of Kirkland Lake. Archived from the original on April 4, 2010. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
- ^ "Accessible Transportation". Timiskaming Home Support. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
- ^ Holden, Stephen (May 31, 1991). "Black Comedy on Life in Ontario Mining Town". Review/Film. The New York Times. New York. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
Kirkland Lake travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Official website