LNER Peppercorn Class A1 60163 Tornado
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2021) |
kW; 2,700 hp) | |
---|---|
Tractive effort | 37,400 lbf (166,000 N) |
Career | |
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Numbers | 60163 (display) 98863 (TOPS) |
Official name | Tornado |
Axle load class | Route availability 9 |
First run | 29 July 2008 |
Disposition | Under overhaul. Approved for running on Network Rail track. |
LNER Peppercorn Class A1 No. 60163 Tornado is a 4-6-2 steam locomotive completed in 2008 to an original design by Arthur Peppercorn. It is the first new build British mainline steam locomotive since 1960, and the only Peppercorn Class A1 in existence after the original batch were scrapped. In 2017, Tornado became the first steam locomotive to officially reach 100 mph (160 km/h) on British tracks in over 50 years.
After the project was founded by the A1 Steam Locomotive Trust in 1990, construction of Tornado began in 1994 and mostly took place at Darlington Works, with other components manufactured elsewhere. The project was financed through fundraising initiatives, public donations, sponsorship deals, and hiring out Tornado itself for special services. The locomotive was granted its mainline certificate in January 2009, having been designed in compliance with modern safety and certification standards.
The locomotive worked on heritage and mainline trains across Britain between 2008 and 2022, when it was withdrawn for overhaul.[3]
Background
In 1990, the charitable
Tornado was intended to be built as the next Peppercorn A1 and not a restoration nor replica, and was assigned the next available number in the class after No. 60162 Saint Johnstoun.[5][6][7] It was designed as an evolved member of its class, incorporating various improvements that would have occurred had steam continued in Britain.[8] It was the first new build steam locomotive on British railways since BR Standard Class 9F 92220 Evening Star was completed in 1960.
The name Tornado was chosen in honour of the
On 19 February 2009, Tornado was officially named by
Project milestones
This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2010) |
- 1990A1 Steam Locomotive Trust formally launched, 11 November : [14]
- 1994First and last components ceremonially presented (a bogie swivel pin and a regulator nut) : [11]
- 1994Construction starts (frame plates rolled at Scunthorpe), 22 April : [10]
- 1995Nameplates presented : [11] at the frame laying ceremony, January[10]
- 1995First wheel cast : [10]
- 1996Three cylinder castings unveiled at Tyseley, 25 May : [11][10]
- 1997Frame displayed at the Great Hall at the National Railway Museum, March : [10]
- 1997Tornado unveiled at Darlington Locomotive Works:
- 1999Smokebox door complete, Tornado's symbolic "face" :
- 2000Construction over 50% complete (Summer) : [15]
- 2000Wheelset added : [10] (Autumn)[15]
- 2004The book value of Tornado components reaches 1 million pounds : [16]
- 2004First synchronous smooth wheel motion, 25 August : [16]
- 2007Boiler/firebox assembly fitted to frame, June : [17][18]
- 2008First static steaming, January : [18][19]
- 2008Tender completed, February : [20]
- 2008Tornado publicly launched, Darlington Locomotive Works, 1 August 2008 :
- 2008First passenger train hauled, preserved Great Central Railway. Loughborough, 21 September 2008 :
- 2008Main line testing begins, National Railway Museum, York, 4 November : [21]
- 2008Third and final main line test run completed, York, 19 November : [22]
- 2008First full livery unveiled (minus nameplates), LNER Apple Green, York, 13 December 2008 : [23]
- 2009The Peppercorn Pioneer, the first passenger journey on the UK Main Line, 31 January 2009 : [24]
- 2009Tornado was officially named by the Duchess of Cornwall, 19 February 2009 :
- 2009BBC Top Gear Race filmed, 25 April 2009 :
- 2009Engineering Heritage Awardat York, 23 May 2009 :
- 2009Reaches 10,000 miles (16,000 km) on Torbay Express, 5 July :
- 2009Tornado is called on to rescue stranded commuters in Kent after heavy snow fall disrupts the electrical supply : [25]
- 2010Beats previous record for fastest steam hauled railtour over Shap summit by 19 seconds, 24 June :
- 2010Returns to York NRM for maintenance and to be repainted to lined "Brunswick Green" December :
- 2011Boiler returned to DB Meiningen for repairs January : [26]
- 2017Worked first scheduled passenger trains on the Settle and Carlisle line between Appleby and Skipton :
- 2017Became the first steam engine since 1967 to run at 100mph in the UK :
Design
Initial research and draughting
On hearing of the project in October 1991, Argentine locomotive engineer Livio Dante Porta contacted the trust, hailing the project as the start of a "renaissance of steam technology".[9] In 1992, he submitted A proposal for the Tornado project in which he presented to the trust several design improvements that could be made to Tornado that, while preserving the outer form, would make it a second-generation steam locomotive. Since the trust was not creating a replica of a Peppercorn A1 but the next in its class, Porta's suggestions were duly considered and the trust reported only some of his ideas could be adopted as his others were untried and presented too many risks, which Porta estimated would have taken 20,000 test miles to iron out his improvements.[5][27] Ironically, in 2003, it was decided to make Tornado oil-fired for cost and operational reasons, following earlier dual-fuelled coal-and-oil-fired proposals in 1998, when boiler design commenced.[28][29] This was later abandoned in favour of the original design of coal firing, due to the large increase in global fossil fuel prices, and to save the certification costs of this design difference.[16]
There were no general arrangement drawings of a Peppercorn A1, so rough engineering dimensions for Tornado were obtained from measuring
Changes from the original Peppercorn A1s
Tornado's design was modified where necessary to better suit modern manufacturing techniques and to fit in with the modern high-speed railway, while retaining the greater part of the original design.[14] As an evolution of the Peppercorn Class A1, Tornado would also incorporate improvements that would have been made to the class had steam continued, such as correction of the rough riding faults.[8]
The following design changes were made for cost or operational reasons:[11][28]
- An all-welded boiler (i.e. not riveted)
- Steel firebox (not copper)
- One-piece frames
- Roller bearings
- Improved front bogie
- Improved steam circuit
- Altered tender coal/water balance (more water)
- Overall weight reduction
Additionally, to meet current safety and operation standards, Tornado includes:
- Up-rated electrical supplies
- Primary air (not steam) brakes[11]
- LED cluster head/tail lamps
- Vacuum brakes[11] (for heritage railway stock)
- 1 inch (25 mm) reduction in overall heightoverhead line equipment (OLE) regulations)[28]
- Automatic Warning System (AWS)
- Train Protection & Warning System (TPWS)
- Data recorder
- GSM-Railway (GSM-R) cab radio[30]
With advances in manufacturing, Tornado's 48-foot-6-inch (14.78 m) long steel plates were electronically cut from one piece of steel, as opposed to the original Peppercorn A1s, which had two-piece frames riveted together.
A 1-inch (25 mm) reduction in height from the original 13-foot-1-inch (3.99 m) height was required by the Network Rail regulations, and was achieved by a redesign of the dome and safety valve mountings on the boiler, and by reprofiling of the cab roof and chimney.[28] Testing was planned to occur with a lipped chimney, and on receipt of the first full livery, Tornado would be fitted with an authentic rimless chimney,[20] described as the original non-capped version.[31] The fluted chimney was still not fitted at the time of its LNER Apple Green livery launch on 13 December 2008, due to it still being machined at the manufacturer. It was completed and fitted in time for the inaugural main line passenger run.[32][12] The chimney was also fitted with a spark arrestor.[31] Tornado has two whistles: a standard LNER "teapot" whistle on the cab front and an ex-LNER chime whistle from LNER Class A4 4482 Golden Eagle behind the right-hand deflector.[31]
Boiler from Meiningen Works
Consideration of the boiler began in late 1998.
In early 2002, the Deutsche Bahn's Meiningen Steam Locomotive Works in Germany was identified as a suitable supplier. It possessed the required knowledge as main line steam operation had continued in East Germany until the mid-1980s, 70% of its work still involved steam, and it still possessed the powerful plate roller machines. The trust did not have sufficient funding to place the order until January 2005.[16] On 16 July 2006, the boiler arrived by sea and was unloaded at Darlington with a 200-ton crane, having taken just nine months to build.[18] The fitting of the 21-ton firebox and boiler unit to the wheeled locomotive frame was said to have been a perfect fit, requiring no grinding at all, a tribute to the accuracy of the design and construction at Meiningen.[33] The fitting was not without incident though, as the extra weight caused some compaction of the trackbed, and assistance was required to move the locomotive back into the works, by a combination of being winched, towed by a forklift truck and pushed with Land Rovers.[33]
A further modification to the boiler design has been the use of hollow stays which support and separate the outer boiler and inner firebox. The hollow stays act as an indicator of any cracks in the otherwise inaccessible stays, such cracks being revealed by water leaks. Leaks have in fact been detected and have led to the locomotive being unavailable for service. Replacement stays were fitted in 2010.[35]
Tender and wheelset
In 1991, a preference for a "Doncaster pattern" riveted tender was expressed as per the original Peppercorn A1s.
The motion components alone cost £150,000, taking £50,000 to forge (and requiring three years to complete) and £100,000 to machine.[29] The wheelset was the first mainline steam locomotive wheelset to be manufactured in Britain since 1960, and took five years and nine suppliers.[15] The wheels were so smooth that the complete locomotive could easily be pushed out of the works by human power alone, as seen when the locomotive was moved outside in preparation for its first steam-powered moves. If the locomotive were to be suspended, the entire wheel and motion arrangement could be turned by hand.[33]
Manufacture
Tornado was mostly assembled at the A1 Trust's
In March 1997 Tornado, as a completed frame and inside cylinder, was displayed in the Great Hall at the National Railway Museum for several weeks. She returned to Tyseley to await completion of Darlington Works.[10] The elements of Tornado were brought together with the opening of the works in 1997, and the opening ceremony saw the unveiled locomotive, now consisting of the frame with its three cylinders and cab attached. Early 1998 saw the smokebox construction started and the tyres fitted and by 1999, forging of the motion components had started with the first delivery of components commencing in January 2000.[29][36]
By September 1999, the last wheel had been pressed onto the wheelset,[29] which was delivered to Darlington by July 2000.[15] By January 2000, the front bogie had been assembled.[36] With the fitting of these parts, the mounting of the frame onto the wheelset,[10][15] and fitting of the smokebox,[15] by the end of 2000, the most visible missing parts of Tornado were the boiler and tender.
Post-2000, assembly and setting of the motion proceeded, and attention turned to the design of the boiler; a £250,000 appeal was launched.
From its construction until final testing was completed, Tornado sported a grey coloured undercoat as a precaution in case the boiler cladding had to be removed.[38][20] The livery was described as "works grey" in a "satin finish".[38][31][39] While in this undercoat, Tornado wore the web address of the A1 Trust on the side of the tender and the mark RA9 on the locomotive cab, denoting its route availability.[1]
Commissioning
Boiler tests
A computer simulation was used to assist in the setting up of the valves and motion.[16] The boiler safety valves were tested on LNER Class A4 60009 Union of South Africa at the Severn Valley Railway before their delivery to Meiningen for fitting to Tornado. The boiler was hydraulically tested at the manufacturer's factory at one-and-a-half times working pressure and was passed safe.[18] On 11 January 2008, the boiler passed its first steam test in a series of tests carried out by an external boiler inspector.[18][33] For the test, the fire was lit and the boiler was allowed to warm up for over 48 hours before being then taken up to 260 psi (1,800 kPa), just over the maximum working pressure, with the safety valves set to the correct pressure.[33][18] The boiler was noted by the inspector to be a very rapid one, boding well for use on the mainline, and noted Tornado exhibited no leaks of any kind, in contrast to heritage locomotive restorations.[20][33]
The tender body was not yet finished by this time so the test was conducted using a water bowser. The boiler created steam so efficiently that the water supply was being used faster than it could be replenished by the mains water supply to the works. To complete the test and not prematurely damp down the fire, an emergency call for water was made to the local fire brigade, who responded with a fire tender to supply more water. This was sensationally but inaccurately reported in one local newspaper as "fire brigade called to prevent boiler explosion".[33]
Launch and Great Central Railway trials
Low speed trials of Tornado as a live steam locomotive first occurred on the 500-foot (150 m) long track at Darlington Works.
From Darlington Works, Tornado was moved by road on two articulated lorries to the
Tornado's first passenger trains took place on 21 September 2008; the first was the 10.15 a.m. non-stop service from
Mainline test runs
On 21 October 2008, Tornado arrived at the National Railway Museum in York, and was first put on display in the Great Hall for several days, where she was placed on its central
The acceptance testing based at York was conducted by
Following the test runs, Tornado received her first full livery at the NRM's paint shop where she was painted in LNER Apple Green with "British Railways" on the tender, as worn by the first original 30 Peppercorn A1s.
Certification
As a new build locomotive, Tornado's certification was more complex in comparison to a restored one and required liaison with Network Rail, HMRI, and a vehicle acceptance body, with the origin of all construction materials needing to be documented and every aspect of the manufacture recorded.
As well as standard tests, as technically a new design of locomotive, Tornado was required to undergo specific extra tests set by the Network Rail Safety Review Panel to examine ride quality and track force, in order to assess the effect the locomotive would have on the main line track.
Tornado was granted an Engineering Acceptance (EA) certificate on 31 October by DeltaRail and a Route Acceptance certificate on 3 November by Network Rail, allowing testing on the main line to begin.[21] Further tests were performed at Network Rail facilities located between York and Darlington, at a testing facility known as a WheelChex. This consists of track fitted with sensors to measure vertical force effects such as hammer blow.[43] Completion of a test run between York and Leeds on 28 January 2009 signalled the gaining of certification to haul passengers on the Network Rail main line.[53][54]
In January 2009, the railway press reported that a discrepancy had emerged in the 18 November 2008 75 mph (121 km/h) test, whereby the OTMR recording equipment on the Class 67 being towed had recorded a top speed of around 100 mph (160 km/h), while the A1 data recorder measured speeds "nearer the 75 mph (121 km/h)" mark.
Operation
First mainline runs
It was expected that the first phase of main line operational running would be limited to trips of 200 to 250 miles (400 km).
On 31 January 2009, Tornado completed her first passenger trip on the British mainline, hauling The Peppercorn Pioneer in a return trip from York to Newcastle via Darlington and
In April 2009, Tornado appeared at the LNER-themed event at
On 21 December, Tornado rescued about 100 people who were stranded by
Four liveries
The A1 Trust promised to paint Tornado in all four liveries that the original Peppercorn A1s had worn during its first period of operation with its first 10-year boiler certificate.[70][20][31] In early 2011, following remedial attention to its boiler in Germany, Tornado unveiled in BR Brunswick Green, which the original class wore in the 1950s. The "British Railways" on the tender was replaced with an emblem and crest. This lasted until its withdrawal for winter maintenance in late 2012, during which it was repainted in BR Express Passenger Blue, the second livery carried by the original class.[70] In 2015, following an intermediate overhaul, Tornado returned to service in its original LNER Apple Green.[70] This lasted until mid-2020 when it was painted in BR Brunswick Green in celebration of the A1 Trust's 30th anniversary, which lasted until its withdrawal for overhaul in 2022, where it was painted back into Apple Green.[71]
100 mph run
The original Peppercorn A1s were easily capable of reaching 100 mph (160 km/h) and in 2004, approval was sought for Tornado to achieve regular 90 mph (140 km/h) operation.[2][16] While older preserved steam locomotives are subject to speed restrictions due to age, approval for 90 mph (140 km/h) running was possible for Tornado due to her new condition.[18][2] In January 2009, having gained approval for running at 75 mph (121 km/h), discussions took place about testing Tornado to higher speeds.[56]
In the early hours of 12 April 2017, Tornado achieved 100 mph (160 km/h) during a test run on the East Coast Main Line, becoming the first steam locomotive to reach the speed on the British mainline since 1968.
2009-2021
Tornado has hauled trains on the British mainline and heritage railways since 2009, helping to recoup the cost of the project.[74] The A1 Trust has offered driver experiences at the controls of Tornado during visits to heritage lines.[74]
In September 2011, Tornado set a new record for the longest single day trip in Britain by a steam locomotive since the 1960s, pulling The Caledonian Tornado from Crewe to Glasgow and back for over 530 miles.[75] In 2013, she hauled the first steam-hauled service from London Victoria to Sheffield Park via East Grinstead and the Bluebell Railway since 1963.[76] In 2017, Tornado was used by Northern Rail on scheduled public timetabled services between Appleby and Skipton prior to the reopening of the Settle–Carlisle line, which had been closed for a year because of a landslip.[77] On 14 April 2018, while running at 90 mph south of Peterborough on The Ebor Flyer from London King's Cross to York, the locomotive's inside motion failed.[78][79] The subsequent repairs and re-testing took several months to complete.
Overhaul
In November 2021, Tornado was withdrawn from mainline service after a number of tender wheel flats caused by slippage from falling leaves were detected.[80] Following an appearance at the Great Central Railway in January 2022, the locomotive moved to Loughborough for dismantling and major overhaul. It was to be complete in July, but delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic while the boiler was being restored at Meiningen Works in Germany, and additional work needed on the driving wheels and tyres, led to its completion date pushed back to the spring of 2023. However issues with the boiler have further delayed completion of the work.[81] The overhaul will include the installation of European Rail Traffic Management System (ETCS) in-cab signalling equipment.[82][83]
Funding
Tornado carries a plaque bearing the following message:[12]
This locomotive was built and paid for by people who shared a vision and were determined to turn it into reality
Fundraising
Tornado was built by the Locomotive Construction Co Ltd,[11] a wholly-owned subsidiary of the A1 Steam Locomotive Trust. At 1990s prices, the projected cost of the project was £1.6 million.[1]
The trust has used Deeds of Covenant since the start of the project in 1990,[14] marketed under the slogan "Build a main line loco for the price of a pint of beer a week!"[9] Covenantors can wear a special A1 Trust tie[9] and pay a fixed amount monthly by standing order, and for this they receive honour roll recognition, event and viewing priority, regular trust publications and the right to attend the annual conventions.[20]
In September 1996, the concept of dedicated covenants was launched.[10] Now renamed dedicated donations, these were one-off payments of £25 to £25,000 to sponsor a particular part.[10] As with regular covenantors, dedicated donors receive recognition, and an engineering drawing of the component they sponsored.[20]
In October 1999 a £250,000 appeal was launched to fund the boiler, whose absence was noticeable with Tornado then comprising a wheeled frame with completed cab and smokebox.[29] As Tornado began to look like a locomotive with the mating of the frame with the wheelset in the autumn of 2000, fundraising progress increased, breaking previous records by recruiting 100 new covenantors in two months.[15] By 2005, the trust had raised over £1.5m.[18]
Completion of the boiler was achieved through a half-million pound
By May 2008, £2.5m had been raised and spent, and the gap to the required £3m had been raised to complete Tornado. However, due to the Chinese economic boom causing raw materials cost increases, together with increased certification costs, a further £50,000 appeal had to be launched if main line running was to be achieved by September.[20]
By the end of September 2008, the Trust still needed to raise £66,000 to pay for tests and trials to allow main line operation.[38][47][30][84] While at the GCR, the project costs were running at the rate of £10,000 a month,[31] rising to "six-figure bills" for certification in the months up to January 2009.[32]
Launched in 2004, the Trust's half-million pound bond issue offered 4% returns, but in January 2009 £100,000 worth of these bonds remained unsubscribed.[65]
Sponsorship
In 1994 the A1 trust gained its first major sponsor, William Cook Cast Products.[85] In 1997, Great North Eastern Railway (GNER), the then operator on the East Coast Main Line, became a sponsor, and decorated Darlington station for the event, as well as offering free travel for trust workers.[29] The trust gained
Other income
Cost savings of a third of the original manufacturing costs were possible in some cases where the building of one locomotive allowed for cheaper construction methods, such as using one-off polystyrene casting patterns.[10]
Several other events and fund-raising drives have assisted in funding the project, including a Land's End to John O'Groats bike ride. The Trust also received proceeds from the sale of limited edition models of Tornado in works grey livery.[citation needed]
A new book on the story of Tornado called Tornado 21st Century Steam, written by The Guardian's Jonathan Glancey, was released on 15 October 2010.
Media
A BBC film crew filmed the project at certain points on the journey, up to and including the arrival and operation of Tornado running at the GCR. The resulting film was used to make a 30-minute documentary film, Absolutely Chuffed: The Men Who Built a Steam Engine. It was first broadcast on BBC Four on 16 October 2008, as part of their Golden Age of Steam season.[33] The film was released on Region 2 DVD on 28 December 2009 with unseen material and DVD extras.[87]
Tornado and the Tornado project was also partly featured in the BBC Four documentary episode The Last Days of Steam
Top Gear Race to the North
On 25 April 2009, Tornado hauled a 10-coach Cathedrals Express charter from
In film
60163 Tornado, as well as LMS Hughes Crab no. 13065, appeared in the 2017 film, Paddington 2.[91][92]
Models
This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2013) |
A "very limited edition" customised model from The Model Centre (TMC), based on the Bachmann OO scale model in grey livery helped raise funds for the project.[38][93] Another grey works Tornado was to be made by TMC but with National Express on her tender from her 18 November main line test run.
Bachmann released a Tornado model in BR Apple Green livery just before Christmas 2009. Unlike the TMC models, which featured a standard Bachmann A1 repainted in Tornado's then grey livery, and unlike the original Bachmann limited edition model of Tornado which had the locomotive in BR Brunswick Green livery with the late BR crest, the 2009 release was a new model, with most (though not all) of the detail differences applied. This is particularly evident on the tender, which features the enlarged water capacity and reduced coal storage of Tornado as compared to the original A1 locomotives. The model proved extremely popular, to the extent that 10 weeks after going on sale Bachmann stocks were exhausted and more models had to be ordered.[94]
Since 2011,
Graham Farish have produced a model in N scale.[citation needed]
For their 2013/2014 range, Bachmann released an Express Passenger Blue model of Tornado which is a standard repaint and slightly modified Peppercorn A1.[citation needed]
Darstaed Models are to manufacture an O scale model of Tornado using tinplate. The model will feature traditional three-rail electric pick up.
Accucraft (UK) make a live steam model of Tornado in
See also
- LMS-Patriot Project
- Pennsylvania Railroad 5550
- GWR 6800 Class 6880 Betton Grange
- Steam locomotives of the 21st century
Notes
References
- ^ a b c d e f The Railway Magazine, 50 Great British Locomotives, Autumn/Winter 2008 special, p98, A bonus 51st entry: The 21st century steam miracle
- ^ a b c d e f g Michael Binyon (9 October 2008). "The steam train returns: caught up by the Tornado". The Times. Retrieved 17 December 2008.[dead link]
- ^ "Overhaul over-run explained". A1 Steam. 13 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ Glancey, Jonathan (24 November 2001). "Remembrance of things fast". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
- ^ a b "The Tornado Story". The Railway Magazine: 15. April 2008.
- IMechE. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
- ^ "£300,000 in grants awarded". News archive. A1 Steam Locomotive Trust. 1996. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
- ^ CAD] in making modifications to correct A1 faults such as rough-riding just as the LNER/Eastern Region would have done if steam had continued
- ^ a b c d e f g The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 1, April 2008, page 16
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 1, April 2008, page 18
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 1, April 2008, page 17
- ^ a b c d "Tornado unveiled at York (video)". Railway Herald website, Video Section. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ "Royal couple name new steam train, 19 February 2009". BBC News. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
- ^ a b c The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 1, April 2008, page 15
- ^ a b c d e f g h The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 2, May 2008, page 29
- ^ a b c d e f g The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 2, May 2008, page 32
- ^ a b The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 2, May 2008, page 30
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 2, May 2008, page 34
- ^ The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 1, April 2008, page 14
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 2, May 2008, page 35
- ^ a b c d A1 Steam Official Site Latest News – New £3m steam locomotive Tornado takes first steps on the main line. Retrieved 4 November 2008
- ^ a b "New steam loco ready for service". BBC News. 19 November 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2008.
[Tornado] is ready for service after successfully completing all its trial runs. Tornado completed its third and final test run between York and Newcastle.
- ^ "Public unveiling for steam train". BBC News. 13 December 2008. Retrieved 13 December 2008.
She was unveiled in apple green, the colour carried by the first 30 Peppercorn class A1s.
- ^ a b "First passenger trip for new loco". BBC News. 31 January 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
The first new mainline steam engine to be built in Britain for nearly 50 years has made its maiden voyage carrying fare-paying passengers. It travelled from York, calling at Darlington and Durham before stopping in Newcastle ahead of its return trip. Seats on the first journey have been reserved for supporters of the A1 Steam Locomotive Trust
- ^ "BBC News - Steam train's snow rescue 'glory'". 23 December 2009.
- ^ "The Tornado Telegraph January 2011" (PDF). A1 Steam Locomotive Trust. 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- ^ MartyBane.co.uk Transcript of an October 1993 Steam Railway publication
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 2, May 2008, page 31
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 1, April 2008, page 19
- ^ a b c d e f g The Railway Magazine, November 2008, p63
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Steam Railway magazine, Issue 355, 17 October – 13 November 2008
- ^ a b c d e Steam Railway magazine, Issue 358, 9 January – 5 February 2009, pages 6–7
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Absolutely Chuffed: The Men Who Built a Steam Engine BBC Four. Retrieved 16 October 2008
- ^ Logan, Helen (24 September 2007). "Tornado team steams into future with new locomotive". nebusiness. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
- ^ "Tornado update - 24th July 2010". Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
- ^ a b The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 2, May 2008, page 28
- ^ a b c The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 2, May 2008, page 33
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Heritage Railway magazine, Issue 116, 2–29 October 2008
- ^ a b Steam Railway magazine, Issue 355, 17 October – 13 November 2008, page 73
- ^ a b c The Last Days of Steam BBC Four. Retrieved 18 October 2008
- ^ a b c Steam Railway magazine, Issue 358, 9 January – 5 February 2009, pages 44–46
- ^ A1 Steam Official Site Certification. Retrieved 24 October 2008
- ^ a b c d e f Steam Railway magazine, Issue 355, 17 October – 13 November 2008, pages 60–61
- ^ a b c A1 Steam Official Site Tornado hauls first trains on Great Central Railway, Monday, 25 August 2008 13:54. Retrieved 24 October 2008
- ^ A1 Steam Official Site Preserved Railways. Retrieved 24 October 2008
- ^ a b c The Railway Magazine, December 2008, page 7
- ^ a b c d e Tornado steams into town Darlington and Stockton Times, 22 October 2008. Retrieved 24 October 2008
- ^ a b c d It's full steam ahead for new locomotive The Scotsman, 6 November 2008. Retrieved 10 November 2008
- ^ A1 Steam Official Site Latest News – First train on main line for new £3m steam locomotive Tornado, 6 November 2008. Retrieved 10 November 2008
- ^ "National Express sponsors final test train on main line for new £3m steam locomotive Tornado". A1steam.com. 18 November 2008. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
- ^ Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
- ^ "Test run on main line as Tornado prepares for main line passenger début". Latest News. A1 Steam Locomotive Trust. 25 January 2009. Archived from the original on 4 February 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2009.
- ^ a b c John Ingham (29 January 2009). "A blast from the past as new Tornado puffs back". Daily Express. Retrieved 29 January 2009.
- ^ "All Aboard For Tornado's Debut". Sky News. 31 January 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
Tornado made a successful test run on Wednesday and was given the go-ahead to haul a passenger train on the Network Rail main line.
- ^ [The Railway Magazine, February 2009, page 57]
- ^ a b [The Railway Magazine, February 2009, pages 6–7]
- ^ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/8106414.stm Steam loco in TV race challenge BBC News 18 June 2009
- ^ a b c "Where to travel". Travel with Tornado. A1 Steam Locomotive Trust. n.d. Archived from the original on 30 June 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
- ^ "Mainline Steam Tour Programme 2009". Uksteam.info. 17 November 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
Sat 31-Jan Private Charter (Provisional) (updated 13/11) York-Newcastle 60163: York-Newcastle-York [Tornado inaugural train] Sun 01-Feb Private Charter (Provisional) (updated 13/11) York-Newcastle 60163: York-Newcastle-York
- ^ "Changes to Sunday 1st February train 'The Peppercorn Pioneer'". Latest News. A1 Steam Locomotive Trust. 23 January 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2009.
- ^ "Mainline Steam Tour Programme 2009". Uksteam.info. 17 November 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
Sat 07-Feb The Talsiman (Provisional) (updated 13/11) York–London Kings Cross 60163: York–Kings Cross
- ^ "Mainline Steam Tour Programme 2009". Uksteam.info. 17 November 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
Sat 14-Feb Valentine Dining Excursions (updated 10/11) London Victoria–TBA [wcrc]60163: Victoria–TBA–Victoria (lunch tour) 60163:Victoria–Guildford–Victoria (dinner tour)
- ^ "Valentine's Day Tours – 14th February 2009". Steamdreams.com. n.d. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
- ^ "Mainline Steam Tour Programme 2009". Uksteam.info. 29 January 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2009.
Sat 14-Feb Valentine Dining Excursion (am) – London Victoria–Trowbridge London Waterloo–Andover [dbs] 60163: Victoria–Staines–Newbury–Trowbridge–Swindon–Staines–Victoria (lunch tour) Waterloo–Staines–Andover–Eastleigh–Staines–Waterloo [Revised route now from Waterloo not Victoria]
- ^ a b c [Heritage Railway magazine, Issue 120, 21 January – 18 February 2009, pages 6–7]
- ^ a b Steam Railway magazine, Issue 358, 9 January – 5 February 2009, page 35
- ^ "Steam train's snow rescue 'glory'". BBC News Online. 23 December 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Steam engine Tornado shows up its electric friends as it races through Kent". Kent Online. KM Group. 21 December 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
- ISSN 0033-8923.
- ^ a b c "Now, It's a Blue Tornado". Rail.co.uk. 29 November 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ Holden, Michael (11 September 2020). "New look for steam locomotive 60163 Tornado as it heads to Edinburgh this Saturday". Railadvent. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Steam train hits 100mph on main line for the first time since the 1960s". Metro. Associated Newspapers Ltd.
- ^ English, Andrew (13 April 2017). "Tornado warning: we join 100mph steam loco on secret dawn test run". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
- ^ a b A1 Steam Official Site Hiring Tornado. Retrieved 4 November 2008
- ^ "Tornado steam locomotive sets new record". BBC News. 22 September 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Tornado steam train completes London-to-Sussex journey". BBC News. 10 September 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
- ^ Pidd, Helen (14 February 2017). "Full steam ahead as Tornado engine powers Settle-Carlisle train service". The Guardian.
- ^ https://www.a1steam.com/2018/04/14/the-ebor-flyer-update/ Tornado motion failure
- ^ https://www.a1steam.com/2018/04/17/tornado-repair-update/ Repairs update
- ^ Holden, Michael (18 November 2021). "Steam locomotive 60163 Tornado withdrawn from mainline service". Rail Advent. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
- ^ Holden, Emma (8 July 2022). "Aberdeen tours cancelled – an update on steam locomotive 60163 Tornado". Railadvent. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ Holden, Michael (27 January 2022). "Overhaul begins on steam locomotive 60163 Tornado in Loughborough". Rail Advent. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
- ^ "Boiler issues for steam locomotive 60163 Tornado". Rail Advent. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
- ^ 60163 Tornado is on the go! BBC Tees – Industry, last updated 22 September 2008. Retrieved 24 October 2008
- ^ "The building of Tornado". A1 Steam Locomotive Trust. Archived from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ "Become a Sponsor". A1 Steam Locomotive Trust. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
William Cook Cast Products is the Trust's Principal Sponsor
- ^ "Tornado A1 Pacific Steam Engine: BBC Absolutely Chuffed – The Men Who Built a Train DVD: Amazon.co.uk: DVD & Blu-ray". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
- ^ How Do They Do It? Episode 3 demand.five.tv. Retrieved 18 October 2008
- ^ "Monday 3rd December 2007, segment "Locomotive Gift"". Working Lunch. BBC News. 3 December 2007. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
What about giving your loved one some brass nuts or a part for a steam boiler? Rob meets a bunch of enterprising rail enthusiasts who hope you will consider it.
- ^ "Private Charter Saturday 25 April 2009 LNER A1 Class 4-6-2 no 60163 Tornado". UKSteam info. n.d. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Steam hauled: Kings Cross–Edinburgh Load: 10 coaches 1Z63 0.0 London Kings Cross d 07.25 60163...105.5 Grantham a 09.07 water 105.5 d 09.20...188.5 York a 10.33 water 188.5 d 11.08...264.6 Tyne Yard a 12.25 water 264.6 d 12.59...335.9 Berwick DGL a 14.12 water 335.9 d 14.25...390.2 Edinburgh Waverley a 15.27
- ^ "Tornado and Paddington 2 – not the station!". A1 Steam. 21 August 2017.
- ^ Gill, Emma (4 October 2017). "The Paddington 2 film is coming soon - and you might recognise a familiar landmark". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
- ^ Limited edition model of Tornado in her launch livery of works grey from TMC Official site news, 14 September 2008. Retrieved 27 October 2008
- ^ "Bachmann stock page, accessed 12 March 2010". Bachmann.co.uk. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
Further reading
- Glancey, Jonathan (2010). Tornado: 21st Century Steam. Books on Track. ISBN 978-0-9566770-0-6.
- Townend, Peter (1982). East Coast Pacifics at Work. Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-1170-2.
- Nock, O. S. (1984). British Locomotives of the 20th Century, Volume 2: 1930-1960. Patrick Stephens.
- Allatt, Mark (18 January – 14 February 2008). "Tornado: countdown to steaming!". Heritage Railway. 107: 24–31.
- The Tornado Story, by Tony Streeter. The official Trust book, up to the Great Central Railway
External links
- Official site
- Images
- Modified image showing Tornado in BR Apple Green (Steam Railway Magazine)
- Pictures at Newcastle, 18 November 2008 (BBC Tyne)
- Tornado and support coach leaving York on her first mainline test to Scarborough BBC News
- Photo-Library of the A1 Steam Locomotive Trust, with pictures of 'historic A1s' and 'Building Tornado'
- Photo-Library of the A1 Steam Locomotive Trust, with pictures of other types of locomotive, and other railway scenes
- A Flickr group for Tornado photos
- Videos
- Tornado being offloaded at the NRM on arrival from the GCR The Northern Echo
- Interviews and tour outside the shed at the GCR on arrival, BBC News
- Interview with driver and static tour at Darlington Locomotive Works during first move weekend
- Other
- Short editorial on Tornado and Britains love of steam Guardian, 2008