Lactarius pubescens
Lactarius pubescens | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Agaricomycetes |
Order: | Russulales |
Family: | Russulaceae |
Genus: | Lactarius |
Species: | L. pubescens
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Binomial name | |
Lactarius pubescens (Fr.) Fr. (1838)
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Synonyms[1] | |
Agaricus pubescens Fr. (1794) |
Lactarius pubescens mycorrhizal | |
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![]() | Edibility is unknown |
Lactarius pubescens, commonly known as the downy milk cap, is a species of fungus in the family Russulaceae. It is a medium to large agaric with a creamy-buff, hairy cap, whitish gills and short stout stem. The fungus has a cosmopolitan distribution, and grows solitarily or in scattered groups on sandy soil under or near birch.
Edibility: Ambiguous and controversial. In Russia is consumed after prolonged boiling followed by a marinating process. However it is reported to have caused gastro-intestinal upsets. Therefore, its consumption should not be recommended and this species considered toxic.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
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Phylogeny and relationships of L. pubescens and related species based on ITS sequences.[2] |
The species was first named by German botanist Heinrich Schrader as Agaricus pubescens in 1794.[3] Elias Magnus Fries gave it its current name in 1838.[4] The species has also been treated as a variety of Lactarius controversus (as L. controversus var. pubescens by Gillet in 1876)[5] and as both a subspecies (as Lactarius torminosus subsp. pubescens by Paul Konrad and André Maublanc in 1935)[6] and a variety (as L. torminosus var. pubescens by Lundell in 1956)[7] of Lactarius torminosus.[1]
Lactarius pubescens is
The mushroom is
Description
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Lactarius_pubescens_29377.jpg/220px-Lactarius_pubescens_29377.jpg)
The
The spores are 6–8.5 by 5–6.5 μm, elliptic, ornamented with warts and ridges that sometimes form a partial reticulum, prominences up to 1.5 μm high, hyaline (translucent), and amyloid. The cap cuticle is a layer of thin-walled hyphae.[10]
Varieties
- Lactarius pubescens var. betulae (A.H. Sm.) Hesler & A.H. Sm. 1979
- Lactarius pubescens var. betularum (Bon) Bon 1985
- Lactarius pubescens var. scoticus (Berk. & Broome) Krieglst. 1991
Ectomycorrhizae
The ectomycorrhizae that L. pubescens forms in association with Betula pendula and Populus tremuloides has been grown in pure culture and described scientifically.[13][14]
Similar species
Lactarius scoticus Berk. & Broome is a small morphological mimic of L. pubescens, growing in arctic-alpine birch.[15] L. pubescens is often mistaken for L. torminosus which has larger spores (7–10 by 6–8 μm).[16]
Habitat and distribution
The fruit bodies of L. pubescens are found scattered or in groups on the ground in wet areas under birch and other hardwoods from August to October. The fungus is common all over temperate Europe and has been reported from eastern North America, the Pacific Northwest, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, and western Canada; its frequency of appearance is occasional.[10] It is also found in Greenland,[17] and was reported for the first time in Rome, Italy, in 1997.[18]
Bioactive compounds
The marasmane
See also
References
- ^ a b "Species synonymy: Lactarius pubescens (Fr.) Fr". Index Fungorum. CAB International. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
- ^ PMID 21148854. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
- ^ Schrader H. (1794). Spicilegium Florae Germanicae (in Latin). Hanover: Impensis Christiana Ritscheri. p. 122. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
- ^ Fries EM (1838). Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici, seu Synopsis Hymenomycetum (in Latin). Upsaliae: Typographia Academica. p. 335. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
- ^ Gillet CC. (1876). Les Hyménomycètes ou Description de tous les Champignons qui Croissent en France [Hymenomycetes or descriptions of tall the mushrooms which grow in France] (in French). p. 210.
- ^ Konrad P, Maublanc A (1935). Bull. Trimestriel Soc. Mycol. France. 51: 129.
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(help) - ^ Lundell S, Nannfeldt JA (1956). Fungi Exsiccati Suecici. Fasc. 47-48: 2301–2400.
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(help) - ^ Hesler & Smith, 1979, p. 237.
- ISBN 978-0-919433-47-2.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8156-3229-0.
- ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
- ISBN 978-92-5-105157-3. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
- doi:10.1139/b85-029.
- ^ Ingleby K, Mason PA, Last FT, Fleming LV. 1990. Identification of ectomycorrhizas. London, UK: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Research Publication No. 5, HMSO. 112 p.
- ^ Jahn H. (1982). "Über Lactarius pubescens und L. favrei sp. nov". International Journal of Mycology and Lichenology (in German). 1: 75–116.
- ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
- ISSN 0256-310X.
- ^ Perrone L. (1997). "Un alieno a Roma. Lactarius pubescens (Fr.) Fr. 1836" [A new record for Rome. Lactarius pubescens (Fr.) Fr. 1836]. Bollettino dell'Associazione Micologica ed Ecologica Romana (in Italian). 40: 11–19.
- .
Cite text
- Hesler LR, Smith AH (1979). North American Species of Lactarius. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-08440-1.
External links
- Mushroom Observer Images