Lexington, Missouri

Coordinates: 39°11′04″N 93°52′20″W / 39.18444°N 93.87222°W / 39.18444; -93.87222
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Lexington, Missouri
FIPS code
29-41870[3]
GNIS feature ID2395697[2]
Websitelexingtonmo.com
The Lexington Bridge is over the Missouri River.

Lexington is a city in, and the

Kansas City Metropolitan Area. It is the home of the Battle of Lexington State Historic Site, and of the former Wentworth Military Academy and College, which operated from 1880 to 2017.[5]

Geography

Lexington is located on the south bank of the

US Route 24.[6]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.38 square miles (13.93 km2), of which 5.15 square miles (13.34 km2) is land and 0.23 square miles (0.60 km2) is water.[7]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18502,698—
18604,12252.8%
18704,3736.1%
18803,996−8.6%
18904,53713.5%
19004,190−7.6%
19105,24225.1%
19204,695−10.4%
19304,595−2.1%
19405,34116.2%
19505,074−5.0%
19604,845−4.5%
19705,38811.2%
19805,063−6.0%
19904,860−4.0%
20004,453−8.4%
20104,7266.1%
20204,652−1.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]

2010 census

As of the

Latino
of any race were 3.7% of the population.

There were 1,867 households, of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.7% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.94.

The median age in the city was 39.6 years. 23.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.5% were from 25 to 44; 26.1% were from 45 to 64; and 17% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.

2000 census

As of the

Latino
of any race were 2.18% of the population.

There were 1,815 households, out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,759, and the median income for a family was $39,583. Males had a median income of $31,672 versus $21,646 for females. The

poverty line
, including 22.1% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over.

History

A cannonball from the 1861 Battle of Lexington is lodged in the upper left column of the Lafayette County Courthouse.
The Madonna of the Trail monument is on the edge of downtown Lexington, and was dedicated by Harry S. Truman in 1928.

Founding

Lexington, located on the bluffs of the Missouri River, was platted in 1822,[10] near William Jack's Ferry, which had been established three years earlier on the south bank of the river. It was named in commemoration of the Battle of Lexington.[11] The first ferry was established in 1819 by Lexington's founder, Gilead Rupe. In 1823, Lexington became the county seat of Lafayette County and grew rapidly.

Growth as a trading center

John Aull opened a mercantile store in 1822, and he was soon joined by his brothers James and Robert. The Aull Brothers firm soon had a frontier chain, also operating stores in

Westport and Liberty
. Other merchants came, as did farmers and planters who specialized in hemp, tobacco and cattle.

With the emphasis on trade and agriculture, Lexington and Lafayette County also had one of the largest slave populations in the state. Many homes in town still have the old slave quarters behind them.

Lexington was a bustling and prosperous city, the largest city west of

Russell, Majors and Waddell, the largest trading firm in the West, established its headquarters on Main Street. In the 1850s, these three men had 3500 wagons carrying goods from Missouri to Sacramento, Denver, and other points, and in 1860, they would found the Pony Express
.

The steamboat trade on the river became a hugely profitable investment, and the wharf was a center of commerce. Productive coal mines, among the first in the state, were dug into the surrounding river bluffs to provide fuel for river steamers. In 1852, one of the worst steamboat accidents in Missouri history occurred at Lexington. The side-wheeler

Border Ruffians near Lexington, who confiscated 100 rifles and 2 cannons en route to the slavery-free Kansas Territory from the abolitionist Massachusetts Aid Society.[12][13]

Architecture

Lexington has historical architecture, especially its public buildings. The

Gothic Revival
Christ Episcopal Church, built in 1848, has an interior finished in walnut and a ceiling ornamented with a Gothic truss arch. Lexington has over 150 homes and public buildings built before the Civil War, and annually holds well-attended tours of its historic homes and buildings.

In addition to the Lafayette County Courthouse, the

Wentworth Military Academy are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[14]

Civil War and aftermath

The Anderson House was used as a field hospital in the Civil War during the Battle of Lexington.

Lexington had two of the largest battles in the western campaign of the American Civil War. The better-known Battle of Lexington is commonly referred to as the Battle of the Hemp Bales. On September 12, 1861, between 6,000 and 10,000 soldiers of the Missouri State Guard, led by Major General Sterling Price, began a siege against the Federal military post in the old Masonic College commanded by Colonel James A. Mulligan.

On September 18, Price's army mounted an assault. Some of Price's army used hemp bales as moving breastworks while they moved up the river bluffs and closed in on Mulligan's headquarters. On September 20, 1861, Mulligan's troops surrendered. Combined casualties were 73 dead, 270 wounded. The battlefield on the bluffs of the Missouri River is now a state park, and the cannonball stuck in one of the upper pillars of the Courthouse has become a symbol for the town.

The Second

Price's Missouri Expedition
on October 19, 1864.

Lexington was known as a center for

James-Younger Gang targeted the Alexander Mitchell bank in Lexington for the second daylight bank robbery in United States history. In December 1866, Archie Clement
, an accomplice of the James brothers and perhaps the most notorious of all the guerrilla fighters, terrorized the town and was shot from his horse and killed by a sniper perched in the second floor of the Courthouse.

Athens of the West

Lexington never returned to its pre-war prominence, succeeded by Kansas City as the most important city in western Missouri. Particularly harmful was arrival of the

Wentworth Military Academy
, founded in 1880, drew students from throughout the country and around the world.

Lexington businesses

Until the 1980s, Lexington was the headquarters and main distribution point for Mattingly's and Matco Stores, which was purchased by

ShopKo to be converted into Pamida stores. In 2004 the former Mattingly warehouse was sold by Pamida. In August 2004 liquidation of the former Matco #101, then a Pamida, began and the store was closed by the end of October. This was the end of the Mattingly store legacy in Lexington. Hugh Mattingly had been a mentor to Wal-Mart founder, Sam Walton
.

Dunbrooke began as a dress shirt company in 1939 in Lexington and became a nationwide logoed apparel manufacturer. Dunbrooke's signature jacket line began in the 1950s under government contract to produce nylon jackets for the Korean War. The company's name changed from "Dunhill" (1939) to "Dunbrooke Shirt Company" (1963) to "Dunbrooke Sportswear" (1971) to Dunbrooke Apparel Corp (2003). Dunbrooke was purchased from parent company American Marketing Industries (AMI) in October 2003.

Education

Lexington R-V School District operates Lexington High School and Lex La-Ray Technical Center, a bi-county vocational school.[15]

Lexington has a public library, a branch of the Trails Regional Library.[16]

Notable people

Government

Business

Athletics

Military

Arts and entertainment

Academia

Outlaws

Religion

See also

References

  1. ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
  2. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Lexington, Missouri
  3. ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  4. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  5. ^ History of Wentworth Military Academy, by James M. Sellers, Jr., 1984.
  6. ISBN 0-89933-224-2
  7. ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  8. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  9. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  10. ^ "Lafayette County Place Names, 1928–1945 (archived)". The State Historical Society of Missouri. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  11. ^ Eaton, David Wolfe (1916). How Missouri Counties, Towns and Streams Were Named. The State Historical Society of Missouri. pp. 183.
  12. ^ Lexington Weekly Express. March 14, 1856. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  13. ^ "Seizure of Arms". The Perrysburg Journal. Perrysburg, Ohio. March 29, 1856. p. 3. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
  14. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  15. ^ "Lexington R-V School District". Greatschools. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  16. ^ "Locations". Trails Regional Library. Archived from the original on March 25, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  • The Battle of Lexington, Fought in and About the City of Lexington, Missouri on September 18, 19 and 20th, 1861. Lexington Historical Society. 1903.
  • Lexington, Missouri Sesquicentennial Commemorative Book, 1972.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lexington, Missouri.
Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Lexington, Missouri.
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