List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (E)

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The

recipients in the military forces of allies of the Third Reich.[3]

These recipients are listed in the 1986 edition of Walther-Peer Fellgiebel's book, Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 – The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945. Fellgiebel was the former chairman and head of the order commission of the AKCR. In 1996, the second edition of this book was published with an addendum delisting 11 of these original recipients. Author Veit Scherzer has cast doubt on a further 193 of these listings. The majority of the disputed recipients had received the award in 1945, when the deteriorating situation of Germany in the final days of World War II in Europe left a number of nominations incomplete and pending in various stages of the approval process.[4]

Listed here are the 188 Knight's Cross recipients whose last name starts with "E".[5] Scherzer has challenged the validity of three of these listings.[6] The recipients are initially ordered alphabetically by last name. The rank listed is the recipient's rank at the time the Knight's Cross was awarded.

Background

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grades were based on four separate

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten), based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11 of 29 December 1944, became the final variant of the Knight's Cross authorized.[10]

Recipients

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (E)
Service   Number of presentations Posthumous presentations
Heer
126
6
Kriegsmarine
6
0
Luftwaffe
41
3
Waffen-SS
15
2

The

posthumously. Heer members received 126 of the medals, six went to the Kriegsmarine, 41 to the Luftwaffe, and 15 to the Waffen-SS.[5]

  This along with the + (plus) indicates that a higher grade of Knight's Cross was awarded as well.
  This along with the * (asterisk) indicates that the Knight's Cross was awarded

posthumously
.
  This along with the ? (question mark) indicates that author Veit Scherzer has expressed doubt regarding the veracity and formal correctness of the listing.

Name Service Rank Role and unit[Note 2] Date of award Notes Image
Paul Ebel
Heer
 06-HUnteroffizier[12] Group leader of the Stabskompanie (Pionierzug)/Grenadier-Regiment 50[12][13] 17 February 1943[12]
—
—
[Dr.] Ernst Ebeling[Note 3] Luftwaffe 14-LHauptmann[12] Staffelkapitän of the 3./Kampfgeschwader 53 "Legion Condor"[12][13] 20 March 1945[12]
—
—
Heinz Ebeling Luftwaffe 12-LLeutnant[12] Staffelkapitän of the 9./Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter"[13][Note 4] 5 November 1940[12]
—
Werner Ebeling+
Heer
 15-HMajor[12] Commander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 220[12][13] 9 April 1944[12] Awarded 763rd Oak Leaves 5 March 1945[12]
—
Kurt Ebener Luftwaffe 09-LFeldwebel[12] Pilot in the 4./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet"[12][14] 7 April 1943[12]
—
—
Heinrich Eberbach+
Heer
 16-HOberstleutnant[12] Commander of Panzer-Regiment 35[12][14] 4 July 1940[12] Awarded 42nd Oak Leaves 31 December 1941[12]
Erich Eberhardt
 		Waffen-SS 16-WSS-Obersturmbannführer[12] Ia (operations officer) of the
3. SS-Panzer-Division "Totenkopf"[12][14]
 23 August 1944[12]
—
—
Friedrich-Georg Eberhardt
Heer
 19-HGeneralleutnant[12] Commander of the 60. Infanterie-Division (motorized)[12][14] 31 December 1941[12]
—
—
Georg Eberhardt
 		Waffen-SS 15-WSS-Sturmbannführer[12] Commander of estn. SS-Freiwilligen-Panzergrenadier-Bataillon "Narwa"[14][Note 5] 4 August 1943*[12] Killed in action 21 July 1943[12]
—
Hans Ebersbach Luftwaffe 13-LOberleutnant[12] Staffelkapitän of the 6./Kampfgeschwader 76[14][Note 6] 8 August 1944*[12] Killed in action 31 May 1944[14]
—
Helmut Eberspächer Luftwaffe 14-LHauptmann[12] Staffelkapitän of the 3./Nachtschlacht-Gruppe 20[12][14] 26 January 1945[Note 7]
—
—
Franz Ebert Luftwaffe 13-LOberleutnant[Note 8] Chief of the 10./Flak-Regiment 23 (motorized)[14][15] 14 April 1945[Note 8]
—
—
Edwin Ebinger
Heer
 10-HOberfeldwebel[15] Company troop leader in the 12./Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 13[14][15] 4 November 1943[15]
—
—
August-Friedrich Ebke
Heer
 16-HOberstleutnant of the Reserves[15] Commander of Grenadier-Regiment 464[14][15] 14 April 1945[15]
—
—
Adam Ebner
Heer
 10-HOberfeldwebel[15] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 3./Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 137[14][15] 19 November 1941[15]
—
—
Fridolin Ebner
Heer
 10-HOberfeldwebel[15] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 9./Grenadier-Regiment 7[14][15] 28 October 1944[15]
—
—
Josef Eck
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[15] Leader of the 4./Panzer-Regiment 4[14][15] 15 July 1944[15]
—
—
Reinhold Eckardt Luftwaffe 13-LOberleutnant[15] Adjutant of the II./Nachtjagdgeschwader 1[14][15] 30 August 1941[15]
—
—
Willi Eckardt
Heer
 15-HMajor[15] Commander of the III./Grenadier-Regiment 521[14][15] 7 December 1943[15]
—
—
Fritz Eckebrecht Luftwaffe 13-LOberleutnant[15] Observer in the 4.(H)/Aufklärungs-Gruppe 31[14][15] 9 November 1944[15]
—
—
Paul Ecker
+
Heer
 15-HMajor[15] Commander of the I./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 9[14][15] 16 March 1944 Awarded 634th Oak Leaves 28 October 1944[15]
—
Franz Eckerle+ Luftwaffe 14-LHauptmann[16] Staffelkapitän of the 1./Jagdgeschwader 54[14][16] 18 September 1941[16] Awarded 82nd Oak Leaves 12 March 1942[16]
—
Alois Eckert
Heer
 09-HFeldwebel[16] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 9./Panzer-Regiment 33[14][16] 3 August 1942[16]
—
—
Ernst Eckert
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant of the Reserves[16] Leader of the 11./Jäger-Regiment 229[14][16] 9 June 1944[16]
—
—
Hans Eckert
 		Waffen-SS 13-WSS-Obersturmführer of the Reserves[16] Leader of the II./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 3 "Deutschland" of the SS-Panzer-Kampfgruppe "Das Reich"[14][Note 9] 4 May 1944[16]
—
—
Alfons Eckhardt
Heer
 15-HMajor[16] Commander of the III./Infanterie-Regiment 11 (motorized)[16][17] 6 October 1942*[16] Killed in action 11 August 1942[17]
—
Hermann Eckhardt[Note 10]
Heer
 09-HFeldwebel[15] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./Panzer-Abteilung 8[15][17] 28 March 1945[15]
—
—
Johann-Heinrich Eckhardt+
Heer
 17-HOberst[16] Commander of Jäger-Regiment 38[16][17] 20 May 1942[16] Awarded 644th Oak Leaves 3 November 1944[16]
—
Wilhelm Eckhardt
Heer
 14-HHauptmann of the Reserves[16] Commander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 503[16][17] 17 September 1944[16]
—
—
Oskar Eckholt
Heer
 17-HOberst[16] Commander of Artillerie-Regiment 178[16][17] 9 April 1943[16]
—
—
Dr. Josef-Franz Eckinger
+
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[16] Leader of the II./Schützen-Regiment 1[16][17] 17 March 1941[16] Awarded 48th Oak Leaves 31 December 1941[16]
—
Fritz Eckstein
 		Waffen-SS 04-WSS-Rottenführer[16] Richtschütze (gunner) in the 1./SS-Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 12 "Hitlerjugend"[17][Note 11] 18 November 1944[16]
—
—
Maximilian Reichsfreiherr von Edelsheim+
Heer
 16-HOberstleutnant[16] Commander of Radfahr-Abteilung 1[16][17] 30 July 1941[16] Awarded 162nd Oak Leaves 23 December 1942
105th Swords 23 October 1944[16]
—
Anton Eder
Heer
 17-HOberst[18] Abschnittskommandant eines Verteidigungsabschnitts (defensive sector commander) in Berlin[17][Note 12] 26 April 1945[18]
—
—
Georg-Peter Eder+ Luftwaffe 13-LOberleutnant[18]
Jagdgeschwader 1[17][18]
 24 June 1944[18] Awarded 663rd Oak Leaves 25 November 1944[18]
—
Martin Eder
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[18] Leader of the I./Infanterie-Regiment 481[17][18] 28 November 1940[18]
—
—
Heinz Edhofer
 		Luftwaffe 10-LOberfeldwebel[18] Pilot in the 7./Schlachtgeschwader 2 "Immelmann"[17][18] 30 November 1944[18]
—
—
Alois Eding
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant of the Reserves[18] Leader of the 1./Grenadier-Regiment 19[17][18] 12 October 1943[18]
—
—
Heinrich Edse
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant of the Reserves[18] Leader of the 1./Grenadier-Regiment 407[17][18] 15 April 1944[18]
—
—
Franz Edtbauer
Heer
 12-HLeutnant of the Reserves[18] Leader of the 1.(gepanzert)/Panzergrenadier-Regiment 11[17][Note 13] 4 June 1944*[18] Died of wounds 13 April 1944[17]
—
Walter Eggemann
Heer
 12-HLeutnant of the Reserves[18] Aide-de-camp in the Stab/Grenadier-Regiment 680[17][18] 18 April 1943[18]
—
—
Wilhelm Eggemann
+
Heer
 15-HMajor[18] Commander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 94[17][18] 20 April 1943[18] Awarded 468th Oak Leaves 4 May 1944[18]
—
Paul Egger?[Note 14] Waffen-SS 13-WSS-Obersturmführer
schwere SS-Panzer-Abteilung 502[17]
 28 April 1945
—
—
Reinhard Egger
+ 		Luftwaffe 13-LOberleutnant[18] Leader of the 10./Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 1[17][18] 9 July 1941[18] Awarded 510th Oak Leaves 24 June 1944[18]
Hermann Eggers
 		Luftwaffe 14-LHauptmann[18] Chief of the 3./Flak-Regiment 64[20][Note 15] 21 August 1942[18]
—
—
Johann Eggers
Heer
 06-HUnteroffizier[21] Richtschütze (gunner) in the 7./Panzer-Regiment 6[21][22] 14 December 1943[21]
—
—
Walter Eggers
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant[21] Chief of the 7./Grenadier-Regiment 116[21][22] 29 August 1943[21]
—
Wilhelm Eggers
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant[Note 16] Chief of the 13.(IG)/Infanterie-Regiment 490[22][Note 16] 16 March 1942[21]
—
—
Alfred Egghardt
Heer
 12-HLeutnant of the Reserves[21] Chief of the 2./Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 912[21][22] 20 April 1945[21]
—
—
[Dr.] Kurt Egle[Note 3] Luftwaffe 13-LOberleutnant[21] Leader of the 8./Luftnachrichten-Regiment 53[21][22] 5 July 1944[Note 17]
—
—
Karl Eglseer
Heer
 18-HGeneralmajor[21] Commander of the 4. Gebirgs-Division[21][22] 23 October 1941[21]
—
—
Josef Ehinger
Heer
 06-HOberjäger[21] Group leader in the 6./Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 100[21][22] 22 August 1943[21]
—
Curt Ehle
+
Heer
 14-HHauptmann of the Reserves[21] Leader of the 1./Kradschützen-Bataillon 15[21][22] 27 July 1941[21] Awarded 673rd Oak Leaves 29 November 1944[21]
—
Walter Ehle Luftwaffe 15-LMajor[21] Gruppenkommandeur of the II./Nachtjagdgeschwader 1[21][22] 29 August 1943[21]
—
—
Hans Ehlers Luftwaffe 13-LOberleutnant[21]
Jagdgeschwader 1 "Oesau"[21][22]
 9 June 1944[21]
—
—
Bruno Ehm
Heer
 10-HOberfeldwebel[21] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 8./Grenadier-Regiment 162[21][22] 1 February 1945[21]
—
—
Fritz Ehrath
 		Waffen-SS 16-WSS-Obersturmbannführer[21] Commander of SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 9 "Germania"[21][22] 23 February 1944[21]
—
—
Rudolf Ehrenberger Luftwaffe 10-LOberfeldwebel[23] Pilot in the 6./Jagdgeschwader 53[22][23] 6 April 1944*[Note 18] Killed in action 8 March 1944[22]
—
Werner Ehrig
Heer
 16-H
General Staff)[23]
 Ia (operations officer) of the
22. Infanterie-Division (LL)[22][Note 19]
 26 May 1940[23]
—
—
Heinrich Ehrler+ Luftwaffe 12-LLeutnant[23] Pilot in the 6./Jagdgeschwader 5[22][23] 4 September 1942[23] Awarded 265th Oak Leaves 2 August 1943[23]
Günther Ehrt
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[23] Leader of the I./Infanterie-Regiment 41 (motorized)[22][23] 3 May 1942[23]
—
—
Karl Eibl+
Heer
 16-HOberstleutnant[23] Commander of the III./Infanterie-Regiment 131[23][24] 15 August 1940[23] Awarded 50th Oak Leaves 31 December 1941
21st Swords 19 December 1942[23]
—
Karl Eich
Heer
 10-HOberfeldwebel[23] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 6./Grenadier-Regiment 282[22][23] 20 January 1944[23]
—
—
Diethelm von Eichel-Streiber Luftwaffe 14-LHauptmann[23] Staffelkapitän of the Stab/Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders"[22][Note 20] 5 April 1944[23]
—
—
Hans-Henning Eichert
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant[23] Chief of the 6./Schützen-Regiment 11[22] 14 March 1942[23]
—
—
Robert Eichert
Heer
 10-HOberfeldwebel[23] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 8./Panzer-Regiment 36[23][25] 20 April 1943[23]
—
—
Hugo Eichhorn
 		Waffen-SS 14-WSS-Hauptsturmführer of the Reserves[23] In the Stab SS-Pionier-Bataillon 5 "Wiking"[25][Note 21] 15 January 1943[23]
—
—
Erich Eichler
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[23] Deputy leader of the II./Artillerie-Regiment 20 (motorized)[23][25] 21 September 1944[23]
—
—
Dr. Hilmar Eichler
Heer
 17-HOberst of the Reserves[26] Commander of Grenadier-Regiment 306[25][26] 16 November 1944[26]
—
—
Kurt Eichler
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[26] Leader of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 189[25][26] 12 August 1944[26]
—
—
Richard Eichler
Heer
 16-HOberstleutnant[26] Commander of Grenadier-Regiment 212[25][26] 29 January 1943[26]
—
—
Wolfgang Eichler
Heer
 12-HLeutnant of the Reserves[26] Leader of the 6./Panzer-Regiment 29[25][26] 20 December 1943[26]
—
—
Otto Eichloff Luftwaffe 09-LFeldwebel[26] Pilot in the 4./Kampfgeschwader 30[25][26] 16 August 1940[26]
—
—
Hans Eichmeier[Note 22]
Heer
 15-HMajor of the Reserves Commander of leichte Flak-Abteilung 854 (motorized)[25][Note 22] 11 June 1944[26]
—
—
Werner von Eichstedt
Heer
 17-HOberst[26] Commander of Infanterie-Regiment 436[25][26] 18 August 1942[26]
—
—
Alfred Eick
 		Kriegsmarine 13-MOberleutnant zur See[26] Commander of U-510[25][26] 31 March 1944[26]
—
—
Theodor Eicke+ Waffen-SS 19-WSS-Gruppenführer and Generalleutnant of the Waffen-SS[26] Commander of
SS-Division "Totenkopf"[25][26]
 26 December 1941[26] Awarded 88th Oak Leaves 20 April 1942[26] A black-and-white photograph of a man in semi profile wearing a military uniform and neck order, in shape of an Iron Cross. His dark hair is combed to the back. He has determined facial expression.
Alfred Eidel
+
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[26] Leader of the I./Infanterie-Regiment 171[25][26] 24 September 1942[26] Awarded 283rd Oak Leaves 24 August 1943[26]
—
Karl Eiden
Heer
 10-HOberfeldwebel[26] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 8.(MG)/Grenadier-Regiment 97[25][Note 23] 5 March 1943[26]
—
—
[Prof. Dr.] Hans Eikmeier[Note 24]
Heer
 14-H
Rittmeister[27]
 Leader of the II./Reiter-Regiment 32[25][27] 30 September 1944[27]
—
—
Peter Eil
Heer
 09-HFeldwebel[27] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./Grenadier-Regiment 105[25][27] 11 January 1944[27]
—
—
Adolf Eilers
Heer
 15-HMajor[27] Commander of Grenadier-Regiment Gruppe 184[25][27] 10 September 1944[27]
—
—
Friedrich-Wilhelm von Einem called von Rothmaler
Heer
 12-HLeutnant of the Reserves[27] Vorgeschobener Beobachter (
forward observer) in the I./Artillerie-Regiment 230[25][27]
 4 December 1942[27]
—
—
Hans-Egon von Einem?[Note 25]
Heer
 17-HOberst Commander of Panzergrenadier-Regiment 21[25] 11 May 1945* Suicide 8 May 1945[28]
—
Johann Einfalt
Heer
 04-HObergefreiter[27] In the III./Jäger-Regiment 38[25][Note 26] 28 February 1945[27]
—
—
Georg Einhoff
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant of the Reserves[27] Chief of the 8.(MG)/Grenadier-Regiment 366[25][Note 27] 6 June 1943[27]
—
Alois Eisele
+
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[27] Commander of the III./Grenadier-Regiment 61[25][27] 15 December 1943[27] Awarded 695th Oak Leaves 12 January 1945[27]
—
Franz Eisenach Luftwaffe 14-LHauptmann[27] Staffelkapitän of the 3./Jagdgeschwader 54[25][Note 28] 10 October 1944[27]
—
—
Erich Eisenblätter
Heer
 10-HOberfeldwebel[27] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the Stabskompanie/Grenadier-Regiment 176[27][29] 5 April 1944[27]
—
—
Erich Eisermann
Heer
 09-HFeldwebel[27] Reconnaissance troop leader in the 1.(Panzerspäh)/Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 23[29][Note 29] 9 December 1944[27]
—
—
Johannes Eisermann
Heer
 17-HOberst[27] Commander of Infanterie-Regiment 156 (motorized)[27][29] 25 August 1942[27]
—
—
Johann Eisgruber
Heer
 09-HFeldwebel[27] Pioneer Zugführer (platoon leader) in the Stabskompanie/Grenadier-Regiment 62[27][29] 31 August 1943[27]
—
—
Karl Eisgruber?[Note 30]
Heer
 16-HOberstleutnant Commander of Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 98[29] 1 June 1945
—
—
Alois Eisl
Heer
 15-HMajor[30] Leader of Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 98[29][30] 9 December 1944[30]
—
—
Emil Eitel
 		Luftwaffe 14-LHauptmann[30] Commander of the III./Luftwaffen-Jäger-Regiment 30[29][30] 8 August 1944[30]
—
—
[Dr.] Volkhard Eitner[Note 3]
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[30] Commander of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 212[29][30] 10 June 1943[30]
—
—
Arthur von Ekesparre
Heer
 16-H
General Staff)[30]
 Ia (operations officer) of the 13. Panzer-Division[29][30] 15 January 1945[30]
—
—
Josef Elbl
Heer
 17-HOberst[30] Commander of Grenadier-Regiment 330[29][30] 22 August 1943[30]
—
—
Walter Elflein
+
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant of the Reserves[30] Leader of the 2./Grenadier-Regiment 95[29][30] 8 October 1943[30] Awarded 347th Oak Leaves 5 December 1943[30]
—
Konrad Ellmer Luftwaffe 10-LOberfeldwebel[30] Observer in the 14.(Eis)/Kampfgeschwader 27 "Boelcke"[29][Note 31] 9 June 1944[30]
—
—
Gustav Ellmers
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant[30] Chief of the 2./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 14[29][30] 28 February 1945[30]
—
—
Herbert Eltrich
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[30] Commander of the Heeres-Pionier-Bataillon 52 (motorized)[29][30] 9 December 1943[30]
—
—
Harald Freiherr von Elverfeldt+
Heer
 18-HGeneralmajor[30] Leader of the 9. Panzer-Division[29][30] 9 December 1944[30] Awarded 801st Oak Leaves 23 March 1945[30]
—
Hans Emig Luftwaffe 16-LOberstleutnant[30] Commander of Kampfgruppe 806[29][Note 32] 21 August 1941*[30] Killed in action 28 June 1941[29]
—
Heinz Emmerling
Heer
 14-HHauptmann of the Reserves[30] Commander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 464[29][30] 23 February 1944[30]
—
—
Carl Emmermann+ Kriegsmarine 14-MKapitänleutnant[31] Commander of U-172[29][31] 27 November 1942[31] Awarded 256th Oak Leaves 4 July 1943[31]
Dr. jur. Ernst Emmert
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant of the Reserves[31] Leader of the I./Infanterie-Regiment 282[29][31] 31 December 1941[31]
—
—
Werner Endell
 		Kriegsmarine 17-M
Kapitän zur See[31]
 Harbor commander of "Saint-Malo"[29][31] 18 August 1944[31]
—
—
Eduard Ender
Heer
 10-HOberfeldwebel[31] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 49[29][31] 23 February 1944[31]
—
—
Hans Ender
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[31] Commander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 545[29][31] 5 April 1945[31]
—
—
Engelbert Endrass+ Kriegsmarine 13-MOberleutnant zur See[31] Commander of U-46[29][31] 5 September 1940 Awarded 14th Oak Leaves 10 June 1941[31]
Hans Endreß
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[31] Leader of the I./Panzer-Artillerie-Regiment 74[31][32] 14 August 1943[31]
—
—
Theodor Endres
Heer
 19-HGeneralleutnant zur Verwendung (for disposition)[31] Commander of the 212. Infanterie-Division[31][32] 13 July 1940[31]
—
—
Hans Endreß
 		Waffen-SS 14-WSS-Hauptsturmführer of the Reserves[31] Leader of the II./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 6 "Theodor Eicke"[31][32] 23 March 1945[31]
—
—
August Endriß
Heer
 14-HHauptmann of the Reserves[31] Chief of the 4./Artillerie-Regiment 219[31][32] 14 August 1943[31]
—
—
Herbert Engbrecht
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[31] Commander of the III./Infanterie-Regiment 3[31][32] 23 November 1941[31]
—
—
Gerhard Engel+
Heer
 16-HOberstleutnant[31] Commander of Füsilier-Regiment 27[31][32] 4 July 1944[31] Awarded 679th Oak Leaves 11 December 1944[31]
Heinrich Engel
Heer
 06-HUnteroffizier of the Reserves[Note 33] Gun leader of the 2./Sturm-Geschütz-Abteilung 259[32][33] 2 November 1943[33]
—
—
Hermann Engel
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[33] Commander of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 1122[32][33] 17 March 1945[33]
—
—
Otto Engel Luftwaffe 12-LLeutnant of the Reserves[33] Pilot in the 5./Kampfgeschwader 53 "Legion Condor"[32][Note 34] 28 February 1945[33]
—
—
Walter Engel
 		Luftwaffe 14-LHauptmann[33] Staffelkapitän of the 3./Nachtjagdgeschwader 5[32][33] 28 February 1945[33]
—
—
Erwin Engelbrecht
Heer
 18-HGeneralmajor[33] Commander of the 163. Infanterie-Division[32][33] 9 May 1940[33]
—
Karl Engelbrecht
Heer
 09-HWachtmeister[33] Zugführer (platoon leader) of the 1./Divisions-Füsilier-Bataillon 98[33][34] 20 January 1944[33]
—
—
Wilhelm Engelbrecht Waffen-SS 14-WSS-
Schupo[33]
 Leader of the II./SS-Polizei-Schützen-Regiment 19[32][Note 35] 11 December 1944[33]
—
—
Günter Engelhardt
Heer
 17-HOberst[33] Commander of Grenadier-Regiment 30 (motorized)[32][33] 9 April 1943[33]
—
—
[Dr.] Johann Engelhardt[Note 3] Luftwaffe 13-LOberleutnant[33] Chief of 8./Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 6[32][33] 29 February 1944[33]
—
Kurt Engelhardt
Heer
 10-HOberwachtmeister of the Reserves[Note 36] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 2./Heeres-Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 232[32][Note 36] 28 February 1945[33]
—
—
Fritz Engelien
Heer
 15-HMajor[33] Leader of Divisions-Füsilier-Bataillon 15[33][34] 18 December 1944[33]
—
—
Hans Engelien
+
Heer
 15-HMajor[33] Leader of Panzer-Aufklärung-Abteilung 12[32][33] 12 August 1944[33] Awarded 788th Oak Leaves 16 March 1945[33]
—
Richard Engelmann
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[35] Chief of the 1./Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 912[32][35] 27 July 1944[35]
—
—
Alfred Engfer
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[35] Commander of the III./Infanterie-Regiment 523[34][35] 13 September 1942*[35] Died of wounds 1 September 1942[32]
—
Siegfried Engfer Luftwaffe 09-LFeldwebel[35] Pilot in the III./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet"[32][35] 2 October 1942[35]
—
Alfred Engler
Heer
 15-HMajor[35] Leader of Grenadier-Regiment 97[32][35] 18 November 1944[35]
—
—
Walter Enneccerus Luftwaffe 14-LHauptmann[35] Gruppenkommandeur of the II./Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 "Immelmann"[35][36] 21 July 1940[35]
—
—
Karl Ens
Heer
 15-HMajor[35] Commander of the II./Infanterie-Regiment 125 (motorized)[35][36] 14 May 1941[35]
—
—
Rudolf Enseling
 		Waffen-SS 15-WSS-Sturmbannführer[35] Commander of the I./SS-Panzer-Regiment 2 "Das Reich"[36][Note 37] 23 August 1944[35]
—
—
Wolfgang Ensle Luftwaffe 09-LFahnenjunker-Feldwebel[35] Pilot in the 3./Schlachtgeschwader 2 "Immelmann"[36][Note 38] 8 August 1944[35]
—
—
Alfred Enßle Luftwaffe 14-LHauptmann[35] Staffelkapitän of the 2./Kampfgeschwader 76[36][Note 39] 31 December 1943[35]
—
—
Josef Enzensberger
 		Luftwaffe 10-LOberfeldwebel[35] Pilot in the 1./Schlachtgeschwader 10[36][Note 40] 28 February 1945[35]
—
—
Heinrich Eppen
 		Luftwaffe 13-LOberleutnant[35] Staffelkapitän of the 1./Sturzkampfgeschwader 3[35][36] 5 July 1941[35]
—
—
Dr. jur. Johannes Erasmus
Heer
 15-H
General Staff)[37]
 Ia (operations officer) in the XXXXVI. Panzerkorps[38][Note 41] 13 April 1944[37]
—
—
Ludwig Erath
Heer
 06-HUnteroffizier[37] Troop leader in the 8./Grenadier-Regiment 351[36][37] 24 December 1944[37]
—
—
Albrecht Erdmann
Heer
 16-HOberstleutnant[37] Commander of Kradschützen-Bataillon 53[36][37] 12 September 1941[37]
—
—
Armin Erdmann
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant[37] Leader of the 6./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 79[36][37] 3 January 1943[37]
—
—
Hans Erdmann
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[37] Commander of the I./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 3[36][37] 10 December 1942*[37] Killed in action 7 December 1942[36]
—
Otto Erdmann
Heer
 12-HLeutnant[Note 42] Leader of the 2./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 66[36][37] 9 December 1944[37]
—
—
Rudolph Erdmann Luftwaffe 17-LOberst[37] Commander of Flak-Regiment 153 (motorized)[36][37] 13 February 1945[37]
—
—
Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang Erdmann Luftwaffe 19-LGeneralleutnant[37] Commander of the 7. Fallschirmjäger-Division[36][37] 8 February 1945[37]
—
—
Gottfried von Erdmannsdorff
Heer
 17-HOberst[37] Commander of Infanterie-Regiment 171[36][37] 20 March 1942[37]
—
—
Werner von Erdmannsdorff
Heer
 17-HOberst[37] Commander of Infanterie-Regiment 30 (motorized)[36][Note 43] 27 February 1942[37]
—
Hans Erdmenger
 		Kriegsmarine 15-MKorvettenkapitän[37] Commander of destroyer Wilhelm Heidkamp (Z-21)[36][37] 3 November 1940[37]
—
—
Ernst Erhardt[Note 44]
Heer
 06-HUnteroffizier[37] Group leader in Grenadier-Regiment 481[22][37] 23 March 1945[37]
—
—
Rudolf Erler
Heer
 17-HOberst of the Reserves[39] Commander of Grenadier-Regiment 538[36][39] 15 March 1943[39]
—
—
Helmut Ermoneit Luftwaffe 13-LOberleutnant[39] Adjutant of the II./Kampfgeschwader 4 "General Wever"[36][39] 8 August 1944[39]
—
—
Albert Ernst
Heer
 12-HLeutnant[39] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./schwere Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 519[36][39] 22 January 1944[39]
—
—
Heinrich Ernst
Heer
 10-HOberfeldwebel[39] Deputy leader of the 2./Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 9[39][40] 23 March 1945[39]
—
—
Otto Ernst
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[39] Commander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 725[39][40] 6 October 1944[39]
—
—
Richard Ernst
Heer
 16-HOberstleutnant[39] Commander of Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 100[39][40] 20 October 1944[39]
—
—
Karl-Heinz Ertel
 		Waffen-SS 14-WSS-Hauptsturmführer of the Reserves[39] Regiment adjutant of the niederländisch SS-Freiwilligen-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 49 "De Ruyter"[40][Note 45] 23 August 1944[39]
—
—
Reinhold Ertel
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant[39] Leader of the 1./Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 276[39][40] 31 January 1944[39]
—
—
Franz Ertolitsch
Heer
 04-HObergefreiter[39] Machine gunner in the 6./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 12[39][40] 9 January 1945[39]
—
—
Albin Esch
Heer
 15-HMajor[39] Commander of the III./Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 85[39][41] 13 June 1941[39]
—
—
Georg Eschenbacher
Heer
 10-HOberfeldwebel[39] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 4.(MG)/Grenadier-Regiment 451[40][Note 46] 24 September 1943[39]
—
—
Fritz Eschmann
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant[39] Leader of the 4./Feldersatz-Bataillon 116[39][40] 12 August 1944[39]
—
—
Hans-Karl Freiherr von Esebeck
Heer
 17-HOberst[42] Commander of the 6. Schützen-Brigade[40][42] 4 July 1940[42]
—
Otto Eske
Heer
 09-HFeldwebel[42] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 5./Infanterie-Regiment 4[40][Note 47] 27 July 1941[42]
—
—
Gotthard Eßbach
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant[42] Chief of the 9./Infanterie-Regiment 31[40][42] 22 September 1941[42]
—
—
Richard Essig
Heer
 14-HHauptmann of the Reserves[42] Leader of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 273[40][42] 2 September 1944[42]
—
—
Willi Eßlinger
 		Waffen-SS 10-WSS-Hauptscharführer[42] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 3./SS-Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 5 "Wiking"[40][Note 48] 19 June 1943[42]
—
—
Wolf-Udo Ettel+ Luftwaffe 12-LLeutnant[42] Staffelführer of the 4./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet"[40][Note 49] 1 June 1943[42] Awarded 289th Oak Leaves 31 August 1943[42]
—
Alois Etthöfer
 		Waffen-SS 15-WSS-
Schupo[42]
 Commander of SS-Polizei-Panzer-Abteilung 4[40][42] 17 March 1945*[42] Killed in action 20 November 1944[40]
—
Gerhard Etzold
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant[42] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 2./Kradschützen-Bataillon 8[41][42] 3 June 1940[42]
—
—
Jonas Graf zu Eulenburg
Heer
 17-HOberst[42] Commander of fortress
Glogau[40][42]
 22 March 1945[42]
—
—
Karl-Heinz Euling
 		Waffen-SS 14-WSS-Hauptsturmführer[42] Commander of the I./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 22 "Frundsberg"[41][Note 50] 15 October 1944[42]
—
—
Dr. rer.pol. Wolfgang Everling
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[43] Chief of the 3./Panzer-Regiment 36[40][43] 10 February 1945[43]
—
—
Franz Evers Luftwaffe 12-LLeutnant[43] Pilot in the 3./Fernaufklärungs-Gruppe 121[40][Note 51] 17 December 1941[43]
—
—
Walter Evers
Heer
 12-HLeutnant of the Reserves[43] Leader of the 11./Infanterie-Regiment 271[43][44] 4 December 1941[43]
—
—
Wolfgang Everth
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[43] Leader of the Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 3[45][Note 52] 6 July 1942[43]
—
—
Edwin Ewald
Heer
 12-HLeutnant of the Reserves[43] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 2./Pionier-Bataillon 298[43][44] 21 August 1941[43]
—
—
Heinz Ewald Luftwaffe 12-LLeutnant[43] Pilot in the 5./Jagdgeschwader 52[43][44] 20 April 1945[43]
—
—
Werner Ewald
 		Luftwaffe 15-LMajor[43] Commander of the II./Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 2[43][44] 12 September 1944[Note 53]
—
Wolfgang Ewald Luftwaffe 15-LMajor[43] Gruppenkommandeur of the III./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet"[43][44] 9 December 1942[43]
—
—
Heinz-Martin Ewert
+
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[43] Commander of the II./Infanterie-Regiment 2[43][44] 23 November 1941[43] Awarded 750th Oak Leaves 22 February 1945[43]
—
Herbert Ewert
Heer
 17-HOberst[43] Commander of Panzergrenadier-Regiment 104[43][44] 18 August 1942[43]
—
—
Wolf Ewert
Heer
 16-HOberstleutnant[43] Commander of Grenadier-Regiment 274[43][44] 18 July 1944[43]
—
—
Herbert Eymer
Heer
 13-HOberleutnant of the Reserves[43] Commander of the II.(gepanzert)/Panzergrenadier-Regiment 129[43][44] 18 April 1943*[43] Killed in action 20 February 1943[44]
—
Robert Eyssen Kriegsmarine 18-MKonteradmiral[46] Commander of auxiliary cruiser Komet (HSK-7)[44][46] 29 November 1941[46]
—
—
Oskar Eysser
Heer
 14-HHauptmann[46] Chief of the 3./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 31[44][46] 3 November 1944[46]
—
—

Notes

  1. Georg-Wolfgang Feller on 17 June 1945 must therefore be considered a de facto but not de jure hand-out.[2]
  2. ^ For an explanation of the various naming schemes used by the Luftwaffe, Heer, Kriegsmarine and Waffen-SS refer to nomenclature used by the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS.
  3. ^ a b c d The brackets around the doctor title [Dr.] denotes that the academic title was attained after the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded.
  4. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the 9./Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter".[12]
  5. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of SS-Panzergrenadier-Bataillon "Narwa".[12]
  6. ^ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän in the II./Kampfgeschwader 76.[12]
  7. ^ According to Scherzer on 24 January 1945.[12]
  8. ^ a b According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant of the Reserves on 17 April 1945.[15]
  9. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of the II./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 3 "Deutschland".[16]
  10. ^ According to Scherzer name is spelled Hermann Eckardt.[15]
  11. ^ According to Scherzer as Richtschütze (gunner) in the 1./SS-Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 12.[16]
  12. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of Verteidigungs-Abschnitt (defensive sector) "F" (Spandau/Charlottenburg)/Verteidigungsbereich (defensive area) Berlin.[18]
  13. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of the 1./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 11.[18]
  14. Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) on the grounds of the Bundesarchivgesetz (German Archive Law). Paul Egger was a member of the AKCR.[19]
  15. ^ According to Scherzer as chief of the 3./Flak-Regiment 64 (motorized/all-terrain).[18]
  16. ^ a b According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant of the Reserves and chief of the 13.(IG)/Infanterie-Regiment 490.[21]
  17. ^ According to Scherzer on 2 July 1944.[21]
  18. ^ According to Scherzer on 5 April 1944.[23]
  19. 22. Infanterie-Division.[23]
  20. ^ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the Stabs-Staffel/Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders".[23]
  21. ^ According to Scherzer in the Stab Pionier-Bataillon SS-Division "Wiking".[23]
  22. ^ a b According to Scherzer name is Johann Eichmeier who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross as commander of leichte Flak-Abteilung 854 (verlegefähig).[26]
  23. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 8./Grenadier-Regiment 97.[26]
  24. ^ The brackets around the professor and doctor title [Prof. Dr.] denotes that the academic title was attained after the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded.
  25. Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) never addressed this case. The presentation date is an assumption by Walther-Peer Fellgiebel.[28]
  26. ^ According to Scherzer in the 3./Jäger-Regiment 38.[27]
  27. ^ According to Scherzer as chief of the 8./Grenadier-Regiment 366.[27]
  28. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the II./Jagdgeschwader 54.[27]
  29. ^ According to Scherzer as reconnaissance troop leader in the 1./Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 23.[27]
  30. ^ No evidence of the award to Karl Eisgruber can be found in the German Federal Archives. According to Walther-Peer Fellgiebel the presentation was made on 1 June 1945 by the Armee-Oberkommando 6 (6th Army), which was not authorized to do so.[28]
  31. ^ According to Scherzer as observer in the 14.(Eis/Nord)/Kampfgeschwader 27 "Boelcke".[30]
  32. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of Küstenflieger-Gruppe 806.[30]
  33. ^ According to Scherzer as Unteroffizier.[33]
  34. ^ According to Scherzer as Staffelführer of the 5./Kampfgeschwader 53 "Legion Condor".[33]
  35. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of the II./SS-Polizei-Regiment 19.[33]
  36. ^ a b According to Scherzer as Oberwachtmeister and Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 2./Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 232.[33]
  37. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of the I./SS-Panzer-Regiment 2.[35]
  38. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the I./Schlachtgeschwader 2 "Immelmann".[35]
  39. ^ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the 3./Kampfgeschwader 76.[35]
  40. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the I./Schlachtgeschwader 10.[35]
  41. ^ According to Scherzer as Ia (operations officer) in the XXXXVIII. Panzerkorps.[37]
  42. ^ According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant.[37]
  43. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of Infanterie-Regiment 30 (motorized) and leader of the 18. Infanterie-Division (motorized).[37]
  44. ^ According to Fellgiebel the name is spelled "Ernst Ehrhardt".[22]
  45. ^ According to Scherzer as adjutant of SS-Freiwilligen-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 49 "De Ruyter" (niederländisch Nr. 2).[39]
  46. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 4./Grenadier-Regiment 451.[39]
  47. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 5.(Jäger)/Infanterie-Regiment 4.[42]
  48. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 3./Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung of the SS-Panzergrenadier-Division "Wiking".[42]
  49. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot and not Staffelführer in the 4./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet".[42]
  50. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of the IV./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 22.[42]
  51. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the Aufklärungsstaffel 3.(F)/121.[43]
  52. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of the Aufklärungs-Abteilung 3 (motorized).[43]
  53. ^ According to Scherzer on 17 September 1944.[43]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Williamson & Bujeiro 2004, pp. 3–4.
  2. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 4.
  3. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 113–460, 483, 485–487, 492, 494, 498–499, 501, 503, 509.
  4. ^ Scherzer 2007, pp. 117–186.
  5. ^ a b Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 167–176.
  6. ^ Scherzer 2007, pp. 127–128.
  7. ^ "Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 1573; 1 September 1939". ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  8. ^ "Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 849; 3 June 1940". ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  9. ^ "Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 613; 28 September 1941". ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  10. ^ "Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11; 29 December 1944". ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  11. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 112.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Scherzer 2007, p. 285.
  13. ^ a b c d Fellgiebel 2000, p. 167.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Fellgiebel 2000, p. 168.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Scherzer 2007, p. 286.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Scherzer 2007, p. 287.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Fellgiebel 2000, p. 169.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Scherzer 2007, p. 288.
  19. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 127.
  20. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 169, 489.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Scherzer 2007, p. 289.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Fellgiebel 2000, p. 170.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Scherzer 2007, p. 290.
  24. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 170, 489.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Fellgiebel 2000, p. 171.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Scherzer 2007, p. 291.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Scherzer 2007, p. 292.
  28. ^ a b c Scherzer 2007, p. 128.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Fellgiebel 2000, p. 172.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Scherzer 2007, p. 293.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Scherzer 2007, p. 294.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Fellgiebel 2000, p. 173.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Scherzer 2007, p. 295.
  34. ^ a b c Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 173, 490.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Scherzer 2007, p. 296.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Fellgiebel 2000, p. 174.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Scherzer 2007, p. 297.
  38. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 174, 490.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Scherzer 2007, p. 298.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Fellgiebel 2000, p. 175.
  41. ^ a b c Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 175, 490.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Scherzer 2007, p. 299.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Scherzer 2007, p. 300.
  44. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Fellgiebel 2000, p. 176.
  45. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 176, 490.
  46. ^ a b c d e f Scherzer 2007, p. 301.

Bibliography

External links
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