List of first minority male lawyers and judges in New York

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This is a list of the first minority male lawyer(s) and judge(s) in New York. It includes the year in which the men were admitted to practice law (in parentheses). Also included are other distinctions such as the first minority men in their state to graduate from law school or become a political figure.

Firsts in state history

James Campbell Matthews: First African American male law graduate in New York (1870)
Hong Yen Chang: First male lawyer of Chinese descent in New York (1888)
Benjamin N. Cardozo: First Jewish male Judge of the New York Court of Appeals (1914)

Law School

Lawyers

  • Sampson Simson (1800):[3][4] First Jewish American male lawyer in New York
  • Moses Simons (1816)[5] and George Boyer Vashon (1847):[6][7] First African American male lawyers in New York[8][9]
  • Eneas Yamada (1877):[10] First Asian male (who was of Japanese descent) lawyer admitted to the New York State Bar before the examination requirement
  • Hong Yen Chang (1888):[11] First Asian male lawyer (who was a Chinese immigrant) in New York
  • Thomas H. Lee (1936):[12][13] First Chinese American lawyer admitted to the New York State Bar
  • George Yamaoka (1939):[14] First Japanese American male lawyer in New York
  • Antonio C. Martinez (1956):[15] First Dominican American male lawyer in New York
  • Harris L. Kimball:[16][17][18] First openly LGBT male lawyer in New York (1973)
  • E. Carrington Boggan:[19] First openly LGBT male lawyer to argue a case before the New York Court of Appeal (1973)
  • Khagendra Gharti-Chhetry (1987):[20][21] First Nepali American male lawyer in New York
  • Gao Xiqing (1988):[22][23] First Chinese citizen (male) to pass the New York State Bar Exam
  • Weerawong Chittmittrapap (1992):[24][25] First Thai (male) lawyer admitted to the New York State Bar Association
  • Cesar Vargas (2015):[26] First undocumented male admitted to practice law in New York
  • Umair Khan:[27] First Pakistani American male lawyer to work for the New York State Senate's legal department (2020)

State judges

  • James Campbell Matthews (1870):[1] First African American male judge in New York (1895)
  • Gasper Liota:[28][29] First Italian American judge in New York (1924)
  • James S. Watson and Charles E. Toney:[30] First African American males elected respectively as judges in New York (1930)
  • Emilio Nunez (1929):[31] First Hispanic American male judge in New York (1951)
  • Robert J. Mangum (1949):[31] First African American male appointed as a Judge of the New York State Court of Claims (1967)
  • Randall T. Eng (1973):[32][33][34][35][36] First Asian American male (Chinese American) judge in New York (1983)
  • Mark A. Montour (1983):[31][37] First Native American male state judge in New York (2013)[38]
  • William Thom:[31][39] First openly LGBT male judge in New York (1984)
  • Danny K. Chun (1987):[40][41] First Korean American male judge in New York
  • Ned B. Bertulfo:[42] First Filipino American male to serve as a state administrative law judge in New York
  • Joseph Zayas:[43] First Latino American male to serve as the chief administrative law judge in New York (2023)
  • Seth Marnin:[44] First openly LGBT male judge in New York (2023)
  • Vikram Vilkhu:[45][46] First Indian American criminal judge in New York (2024)

Supreme Court

  • Albert Cardozo: First Jewish American male to serve as a Justice of the Supreme Court of New York (1867)
  • Salvatore A. Cotillo (1912):[47] First Italian American male appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of New York (1924)
  • Gilberto "Gilbert" Ramirez (c. 1957):[48][49] First blind and Puerto Rican male appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of New York (1975); Gilbert Ramirez Park in Brooklyn is named in his honor.[50]
  • Marquette Floyd:[51] First African American male appointed as a Justice of the New York State Supreme Court
  • Oliver D. Williams:[52] First African American male appointed as a Justice of the New York State Supreme Court from the Second Judicial Conference (1963)
  • Samuel L. Green:[31] First African American male (outside of New York City) elected to the New York State Supreme Court, Eighth Judicial District (1978)
  • Richard Failla:[16] First openly LGBT male to be elected as a Justice of the New York State Supreme Court (1989)

Supreme Court, Appellate Division

Court of Appeals

Federal judges

Attorney General

Special Deputy Attorney General

  • Cornelius W. McDougal:[69] First African American to serve as the Special Deputy Attorney General of New York (1926)

United States Attorney

Assistant United States Attorney

  • Thomas H. Lee:[73][74] First Asian American male to serve as an Assistant U.S. Attorney in New York (1951)

District Attorneys

  • Robert T. Johnson:[75][76] First African American male elected to serve as District Attorney in New York (1989)
  • Eric Gonzalez:[77] First Latino American male elected to serve as District Attorney in New York (2017)

Assistant District Attorney

Political Office

  • Richard Harewood:[81] First African American male (a lawyer) elected to a statewide office in New York (upon his election multiple times to the House of Representatives)
  • Gilberto "Gilbert" Ramirez (c. 1957):[48][49] First blind and Puerto Rican male (a lawyer) elected to the New York State Assembly (1965)
  • U.S. House of Representatives from New York
    (1971)
  • Sean Patrick Maloney (1992):[83] First openly LGBT male (a lawyer) elected to Congress from New York (2013)

Bar Associations

Faculty

  • City University of New York Law School
    in 1987)

Firsts in local history

Alphabetized by

county
name

Regions

New York City (in general)

  • James D. Carr:[95] First African American male to serve as the Assistant District Attorney in New York City (1898)
  • Myles Paige (1925):[31] First African American male to serve as a Judge of the New York City Magistrate’s Court (1936)
  • Thomas H. Lee:[73][74] First Asian American male licensed to practice law in New York City (1936)
  • Emilio Nunez (1927):[96] First Latino American male judge in New York City (1952–1956)
  • Walter H. Gladwin (1941):[31] First African American to become a New York City Criminal Court Judge and an Assistant District Attorney in the Bronx
  • Francis E. Rivers:[31][97] First African American male judge on the City Court of New York (1943)
  • Randall T. Eng (1973):[32][33][34][35] First Asian American male (Chinese American) appointed as a Judge of the New York City Criminal Court (1983) and Presiding Justice of the Appellate Division, Second Department (2012)
  • Richard Failla:[31] First openly LGBT male to become a Judge of the New York City Criminal Court (1985)
  • Arnold Lim:[31] First Asian American male appointed as a Judge of the Family Court in New York City (2000)
  • Conrad K. Harper:[98] First African American male to serve as the President of the New York City Bar Association (1990–1992)
  • Alexander Jeong:[99] First Asian American male appointed as a Deputy Administrative Judge of the New York City Criminal Courts (2014)
  • Roger Juan Maldonado:[100] First Latino American male to serve as the President of the New York City Bar Association (2018)

Albany County

  • John Baker:[101] First African American male to serve as the Dean of Albany Law School (1991)
  • William Carter:[66] First African American male to serve as a Judge of the Albany City Court (2002)
  • David Soares:[102] First African American male to serve as the District Attorney of Albany County, New York (2004)
  • Richard Rivera:[92][93] First Latino American male judge in Albany County, New York (2015)

Bronx County (New York City)

Dutchess County

Erie County

Kings County (New York City)

  • Francis "Frank" L. Corrao (1891):
    Kings County, New York
  • Rufus L. Perry:
    Kings County, New York
    (1895)
  • Lewis S. Flagg, Jr.:[109] First African American male elected as a judge in Brooklyn, New York (1953)
  • William “Willie” Thompson:[54] First African American male to serve as an administrative judge in Kings County, New York
  • Richard Rivera:[31] First Puerto Rican male elected as the Civil Court Judge in Kings County, New York (1990)
  • Eric Gonzalez:[77] First Latino American male elected to serve as District Attorney for Brooklyn, Kings County, New York State (2017)
  • Manuel A. Romero:[110] First Latino American male to serve as the President of the Brooklyn Bar Association, New York (2004)

Monroe County

  • T. Andrew Brown:[111] First minority male to serve as the President of the Monroe County Bar Association, New York
  • Vikram Vilkhu:[45][46] First Indian American male to serve as a criminal judge in Brighton, Monroe County, New York (2024)

Nassau County

  • Moxey Rigby (1925):[31] First African American male judge in Nassau County, New York (1959)
  • Hofstra University School of Law
    (1977)
  • Lance D. Clarke:[113] First African American male to serve as the President of the Nassau County Bar Association (2007)
  • Alfred Robbins (1957):[31] First African American judge from Long Island to become President of the Board of Judges in the District Court (1974). He later became the first African American male appointed as the Supervising Judge of the Court, as well as the first African American elected to the Supreme Court on Long Island, Tenth Judicial District.

New York County (New York City)

  • James Dickson Carr:[78] First African American male to serve as an Assistant District Attorney for New York County, New York (1899)
  • Harold A. Stevens (1938):[61][31] First African American male to serve as a Supreme Court Justice, First Judicial District (New York and Bronx Counties, 1955)
  • Edwin Torres:[79][80] First Puerto Rican male to serve as the Assistant District Attorney in New York County (1958)
  • Danny K. Chun (1987):
    New York County
    , New York]
  • Michael Tecklenburg:[114] First deaf male (who is also African American) to graduate from Columbia Law School (1989; New York County, New York)
  • New York County
    (1990)
  • Jonathan Berger:[115] First deaf male lawyer to work for Manhattan District Attorney's Office (1998)
  • Jeffrey K. Oing:
    New York County
    , Commercial Division (2011)
  • Alvin Bragg:[117] First African American male to serve as the District Attorney of New York County (2022)

Onondaga County

  • Langston McKinney:[118] First African American male to serve as the Judge of the Syracuse City Court (1986) [Onondaga County, New York]
  • Gordon Cuffy:[119][120] First African American male to serve as the County Attorney (2008) and a judge in Onondaga County, New York (2017)

Queens County (New York City)

  • William Tucker Gavin:[121] First African American male to serve as an Assistant District Attorney in Queens
  • Kenneth Browne Hollis:[122] First African American male to serve as a Justice of the Queens Supreme Court (1973)
  • Randall T. Eng (1973):[32][33][34][35] First Asian American male (Chinese American) appointed as a Justice of the New York State Supreme Court, Queens County (1991) and Administrative Judge of the Criminal Term, Queens County Supreme Court (2007)
  • Jaime Rios:[31] First Hispanic American male elected as a Judge of the Civil Court in Queens County, New York (1994)
  • Richard M. Gutierrez:[123] First Latino American male to serve as the President of the Queens County Bar Association, New York (c. 2011)

Richmond County (New York City)

Suffolk County

  • Marquette Floyd:[51] First African American male judge in Suffolk County, New York (1969)

Tompkins County

Westchester County

See also

Other topics of interest

References

  1. ^ a b "Endowed and Distinguished Professorships". Albany Law School. Retrieved 2018-01-11.
  2. ^ "Farley Delivers Annual Matthews Lecture to Close Out Black History Month". Issuu. 2018. Retrieved 2018-12-17.
  3. ^ "Universities". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2018-12-11.
  4. ^ Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society. American Jewish Historical Society. 1914. p. 152.
  5. ProQuest 1428042133
    .
  6. .
  7. ^ Yates, Jennifer C. "Black lawyer rejected for Pa. bar in 1847 admitted". sandiegouniontribune.com. Associated Press. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
  8. ^ Vashon was posthumously admitted to the Pennsylvania Bar in 2010, as he was rejected twice during his lifetime due to his racial identity.
  9. ^ Although Simons preceded Vashon, his career was cut short due to a damaged reputation. He only practiced law for four years until his death in 1822.
  10. ^ Chen, Li (2015). "Pioneers in the Fight for the Inclusion of Chinese Students in American Legal Education and Legal Profession" (PDF). Asian American Law Journal. 22.
  11. ^ "A Chinese Lawyer: Hong Yen Chang and a Colored Student Admitted to the Bar" (PDF). New York Times. May 18, 1888.
  12. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2020-06-17.
  13. . Retrieved 2020-06-17.
  14. . Retrieved 2016-10-15.
  15. . Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  16. ^ . Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  17. ^ "Guide to the Harris L. Kimball papers,circa 1973-2003". rmc.library.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  18. ^ The Advocate. Here Publishing. 1994-08-23.
  19. ^ "Historical Society of the New York Courts | The Academic Center / General Resources". www.courts.state.ny.us. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  20. ^ "International Lawyers and Consultants ~Khagendra Gharti-Chhetry". www.ilcnep.com. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
  21. ^ "Khagendra Chhetry: My Story of 'how I became the First Nepali Attorney in the U.S.' (Podcast Ep. 41) by At The End of The Day with Anuz Thapa & Dipika Shrestha". Anchor. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
  22. ^ Fallows, James (2008-01-01). "The $1.4 Trillion Question". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
  23. .
  24. ^ "Profile: Weerawong Chittmittrapap". www.legal500.com. Retrieved 2021-02-09.
  25. ^ "Mr. Weerawong Chittmittrapap". www.scb.co.th. Retrieved 2021-02-09.
  26. ^ "César Vargas Just Became New York's First Undocumented Lawyer". Daily Intelligencer. Retrieved 2016-10-09.
  27. ^ "Senator Parker Welcomes Umair Khan ...The Senate's First Pakistani American Lawyer". NY State Senate. 2010-06-16. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  28. ^ Attenzione. Paulucci Publications. 1986.
  29. ^
    ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2022-03-06.
  30. ^ New York Law School (2015-08-09). "James S. Watson, Class of 1913, in 1943 became the first black attorney nominated to the American Bar Association since 1912". Bar Associations and Leaders.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Judicial Diversity: A Work in Progress". New York State Bar Association.
  32. ^ a b c d "JUSTICE RANDALL T. ENG" (PDF). 2016.
  33. ^ a b c d "Eng, Leaving Post as Second Dept Presiding Justice, Assays Demographic Change in Bench, Bar | New York Law Journal". New York Law Journal. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  34. ^ a b c d "Hon. Randall T. Eng '72 to Speak at School of Law's 2016 Commencement Exercises". St. John's University. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  35. ^ .
  36. ^ a b "Chief Judge Appoints Members to State's New Commission on Prosecutorial Conduct" (PDF). New York State Unified Court System. December 13, 2021.
  37. ^ Staas, James (2013-11-06). "Big edge in Erie County voting clinches judicial election for Montour". The Buffalo News. Retrieved 2018-12-19.
  38. ^ Upon Montour being elected to the New York State Supreme Court
  39. ^ Andy Humm. "Remembering How Gay Lawyers Became Legal". Gay City News. Retrieved 2018-12-19.
  40. ^
    ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2018-02-14.
  41. ^ a b "Judge Who Will Sentence Ex-Officer Has 'Steady Hand' | New York Law Journal". New York Law Journal. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
  42. ^ "Ned Bertulfo: New York's first Filipino State Law Judge". The Manila Times. 2021-09-10. Retrieved 2022-07-29.
  43. ^ "First Latino judge appointed chief administrative judge in New York". spectrumlocalnews.com. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  44. ^ "Nation's first trans male judge appointed to state court in New York". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
  45. ^ a b "Brighton makes history with first Indian-American criminal judge". RochesterFirst. 2024-01-01. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  46. ^ a b "Vikram Vilkhu sworn in as first Indian American criminal judge in Brighton". New India Abroad. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  47. .
  48. ^ . Retrieved 2018-12-07.
  49. ^ a b "Gilbert Ramirez Park Highlights : NYC Parks". www.nycgovparks.org. Retrieved 2018-12-07.
  50. ^ "Gilbert Ramirez Park". NYC Parks. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  51. ^ a b "Portrait honors Suffolk's first black judge". Newsday. Retrieved 2018-01-12.
  52. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2020-02-17.
  53. ^ "John Carro (Appellate Division - First Judicial Department)". www.courts.state.ny.us. Retrieved 2018-12-19.
  54. ^ a b "Judge Willie Thompson blazed a trail in NYC". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 2019-01-08. Retrieved 2019-01-25.
  55. ^ a b "Appellate Division - First Judicial Department". www.nycourts.gov. Retrieved 2018-12-19.
  56. ^ "Judge Gonzalez: Setting Precedent - Crossroads Magazine - Eastern Mennonite University". Crossroads Magazine. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  57. ^ "Salary Boost for New York Judges Seen as Boon for Diversity". news.bloomberglaw.com. Retrieved 2023-12-15.
  58. ^ "Faculty member receives Rapallo-Scalia Award - NJC". The National Judicial College. Retrieved 2022-05-07.
  59. .
  60. ^ "Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 152 (2006), Part 2 - HONORING THE LIFE OF RETIRED NEW YORK STATE COURT OF APPEALS JUDGE MATTHEW J. JASEN". www.govinfo.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-09.
  61. ^
    ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2018-01-29.
  62. ^ Tsuru, Kylee. "First openly gay judge confirmed to New York's highest court". CNN. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
  63. ^ "Rowan Wilson confirmed as New York's first African American chief judge". WXXI News. 2023-04-18. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  64. ^ "Brooklyn Law School - Alumni and Mentoring". www.brooklaw.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  65. ISSN 0458-3035
    . Retrieved 2018-01-17.
  66. ^ a b "Diversity trail was blazed 125 years ago in Albany". Times Union. 2020-02-08. Retrieved 2020-03-07.
  67. ^ "Raymond Joseph Lohier, Jr. - Alliance for Justice". Alliance for Justice. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
  68. ^ "Arun Subramanian Becomes First Indian-American Judge At New York Court". NDTV.com. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  69. .
  70. . Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  71. ^ "U.S. Attorney Richard S. Hartunian to Step Down". www.justice.gov. 2017-06-27. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
  72. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  73. ^ .
  74. ^ a b Chinn, Thomas W. (1935). Chinese Digest: Official Organ the Chinese Cultural Society of America.
  75. ^
    ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  76. ^ . Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  77. ^ a b "BROOKLYN DA ERIC GONZALEZ – The Brooklyn District Attorney's Office". www.brooklynda.org. Retrieved 2019-01-11.
  78. ^ a b "James Dickson Carr, 1892 · Rutgers African American Alumni Gallery: The Forerunner Generation · Scarlet and Black Digital Archive, Rutgers University". scarletandblack.rutgers.edu. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  79. ^ .
  80. ^ . Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  81. ^ Congress, United States (1969). Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress. U.S. Government Printing Office.
  82. ^ "BADILLO, Herman | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  83. ^ Novinson, Michael. "Newburgh welcomes Rep. Maloney's office". recordonline.com. Retrieved 2020-03-05.
  84. ^ Liebman, Bennett (Spring 2011). "Our 19th Century Law Professors: Attorney General, Father of Podiatry, Bridge Champion". Albany Law Magazine.
  85. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2019-01-04.
  86. ^ "First Asian American President of NY State Bar Association is Historic". AsAm News. 2014-09-01. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  87. ^ DeSantis, Susan (2019). "First Openly Gay President of Major NY Bar Association Talks About Diversity". New York Law Journal. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  88. ^ "Celebrating Haywood Burns' 80 Birthday: A Living Legacy - CUNY School of LawCUNY School of Law". CUNY School of Law - #1 Law School for Public Interest Advocates. 2020-06-15. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
  89. ^ Solender, Andrew. "Antonio Delgado makes history". Chronogram Magazine. Retrieved 2018-11-16.
  90. ^ a b "Legal Methods Dinner Celebrates Minority Achievement". UB Law Forum. Summer 1993.
  91. ^ a b Gryta, Matt (29 December 2000). "FIGUEROA TO LEAVE CITY COURT NEXT YEAR". Buffalo News. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  92. ^ a b "Rivera Breaks 120-Year Color Barrier with Election Win, See Signals of a New Era". Issuu. 2015. Retrieved 2019-01-17.
  93. ^ a b Rayner-Haselkorn, Ruby (2023-10-31). "A judge for our time". The River Reporter. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  94. ^ McNeil, Tyler A. (2023-12-18). "Montgomery County judge tapped for 4th Judicial District office". The Daily Gazette. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  95. .
  96. ^ New York Law School (2015-08-02). "Emilio Nunez, Class of 1927, New York City's First Hispanic Judge". NYLS "Firsts".
  97. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2020-02-17.
  98. ^ "I can no longer support the president". Harvard Magazine. 2005-09-01. Retrieved 2019-01-04.
  99. ^ "Press Releases (Old)". AABANY. November 18, 2014.
  100. ^ "Roger Juan Maldonado Becomes City Bar President as Association Announces New Leadership". nycbar.org. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  101. ^ "BLACK SELECTED AS DEAN OF ALBANY LAW SCHOOL". Buffalo News. 13 January 1991. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
  102. ^ "Albany County DA Is an Immigrant Success Story". spectrumlocalnews.com. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  103. ^ Wolf, Julie. "Judge Jane Bolin Battled Institutional Racism in NYC Courts for Decades". The Root. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
  104. ^ LLC, Eckert Seamans Cherin & Mellott (2021-02-10). "Celebrating Black History Month". Eckert Seamans. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
  105. ^ "Latinos in Local Politics–Projecting the Unheard Voices of our Community". The Dissonance. 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2020-03-13.
  106. .
  107. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle Almanac ...: A Book of Information, General of the World, and Special of New York City and Long Island ... 1893. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  108. ^ Spellen, Suzanne (March 6, 2012). "Walkabout: A Career in Justice-Sumner H. Lark, Esq". www.brownstoner.com. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  109. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2020-02-14.
  110. ^ "Bar Association Leaders List". New York Law School. 2016.
  111. ^ "New York State School Boards Association". www.nyssba.org. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  112. ^ "Timeline – Hofstra Law 50th Anniversary". Retrieved 2022-03-15.
  113. ^ "Nassau County Bar Association". Retrieved 2021-08-04.
  114. ^ Stanton, John F. (2011). "BREAKING THE SOUND BARRIERS: HOW THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT AND TECHNOLOGY HAVE ENABLED DEAF LAWYERS TO SUCCEED" (PDF). American Bar Association.
  115. ^ "How The Legal Industry Lets Down Lawyers With Disabilities - Law360". www.law360.com. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
  116. ^ "AABANY APPLAUDS THE DESIGNATION OF JUSTICE JEFFREY K. OING TO THE COMMERCIAL DIVISION OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK COUNTY" (PDF). ASIAN AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK. April 8, 2011.
  117. ^ "Adams, Bragg win NYC election amid historic Black leadership". KLAS. 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  118. ^ O'Hara, Jim; Post-St, The; ard (2010-02-07). "Syracuse's first black judge, Langston McKinney, poised to 'ride the winds' of post-law life". syracuse. Retrieved 2020-03-07.
  119. ^ "Gordon Cuffy named 5th Onondaga County Court judge; 1st African-American to hold post". syracuse.com. Retrieved 2018-01-12.
  120. ^ Sieh, Maureen (2008-02-29). "Two Syracuse lawyers break racial barriers". syracuse. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
  121. ^ Costella, AnnMarie (17 February 2011). "QUEENS' ROLE IN THE FIGHT FOR CIVIL RIGHTS". Queens Chronicle. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  122. ^ "Boro's first black judge in Supreme Court dies". QNS.com. Retrieved 2020-03-07.
  123. ^ "Queens Bar President Honored" (PDF). The Queens Bar Bulletin. November 2011.
  124. ^ "'I'm a friend, brother, son, and I happen to be gay,' said Ron Castorina, S.I.'s first openly gay Republican judge". silive. 2021-11-04. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  125. ^ "Eduardo M. Peñalver, from 'first' Latino law school dean to 'first' Latino college president". NBC News. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  126. ^ Wilcox, Arthur Russell (1918). The Bar of Rye Township, Westchester County, New York: An Historical and Biographical Record, 1660-1918. Knickerbocker Press. p. 317.
  127. ^ "DWC Notable Alumni" (PDF). DeWitt Clinton High School. July 2021.