List of interstellar radio messages
This is a list of interstellar radio messages (IRMs) transmitted from Earth.
Classification of interstellar radio messages
There are twelve realized IRM projects:
- The Morse Message (1962)[1]
- Arecibo message (1974), one transmission to Messier 13
- Poetica Vaginal (1986), several minutes of transmission towards Epsilon Eridani and Tau Ceti[2]
- Cosmic Call 1 (1999), four transmissions to nearby Sun-like stars
- Teen Age Message (2001), six transmissions
- Cosmic Call 2 (2003), five transmissions
- Gliese 581 planetary system
- Across the Universe (2008)
- Gliese 581 planetary system
- Wow! Reply (2012), three transmissions to Hipparcos 34511, Hipparcos 33277 and Hipparcos 43587 in reply to the Wow! signal[3]
- Lone Signal (2013)
- A Simple Response to an Elemental Message[4] (2016)
- Sónar Calling GJ273b (2017)[5][6]
The 1986 Poetica Vaginal signal, briefly transmitted from the MIT Millstone Radar, was an techno-art project created by Joe Davis who was concerned about government censorship of messages such as the removal of genatilia on the voyager probe record. His response was to utilize a sensitive instrument to record the contractions of a woman's vaginal canal, convert it into analog signal and digitally map the input into a phoenetic audible representation (or voice).[2] The project was able to send out a few "test signals" consisting of this data to the intended targets; however, the US Air Force shutdown the project before it sent out the bulk of the message.[2]
Some use the term
These seven messages have targeted stars between 20 and 69 light-years from the Earth. The exception is the Arecibo message, which targeted
On 13 February 2015, scientists (including Geoffrey Marcy, Seth Shostak, Frank Drake, David Grinspoon and David Brin) at a convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, discussed Active SETI and whether transmitting a message to possible intelligent extraterrestrials in the Cosmos was a good idea;[8][9] one result was a statement, (which was not signed by Seth Shostak or Frank Drake), that a "worldwide scientific, political and humanitarian discussion must occur before any message is sent".[10]
Current transmissions en route
Stars to which messages were sent include:
Star | Designation | Constellation | Date sent | Arrival date | Message |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Messier 13 | NGC 6205 | Hercules | November 16, 1974 | 25974 approx. | Arecibo message |
Epsilon Eridani | HD 22049 | Eridanus | 1986 | Unknown | Poetica Vaginal |
Tau Ceti | HD 10700 | Cetus | 1986 | Unknown | |
16 Cyg A | HD 186408 | Cygnus | May 24, 1999 | 2069, November | Cosmic Call 1 |
15 Sge | HD 190406 | Sagitta | June 30, 1999 | 2057, February | |
? | HD 178428 | Sagitta | June 30, 1999 | 2067, October | |
Gl 777 | HD 190360 | Cygnus | July 1, 1999 | 2051, April | |
? | HD 197076 | Delphinus | August 29, 2001 | 2070, February | Teen Age Message |
47 UMa | HD 95128 | Ursa Major | September 3, 2001 | 2047, July | |
37 Gem | HD 50692 | Gemini | September 3, 2001 | 2057, December | |
? | HD 126053 | Virgo | September 3, 2001 | 2059, January | |
? | HD 76151 | Hydra | September 4, 2001 | 2057, May | |
? | HD 193664 | Draco | September 4, 2001 | 2059, January | |
? | HIP 4872 |
Cassiopeia | July 6, 2003 | 2036, April | Cosmic Call 2 |
? | HD 245409 | Orion | July 6, 2003 | 2040, August | |
55 Cnc | HD 75732 | Cancer | July 6, 2003 | 2044, May | |
? | HD 10307 | Andromeda | July 6, 2003 | 2044, September | |
47 UMa | HD 95128 | Ursa Major | July 6, 2003 | 2049, May | |
Polaris | HIP 11767 |
Ursa Minor | February 4, 2008 | 2439 | Across the Universe |
Gliese 581 | HIP 74995 |
Libra | October 9, 2008 | 2029 | A Message From Earth
|
Gliese 581 | HIP 74995 |
Libra | August 28, 2009 | 2030 | Hello From Earth
|
Polaris | HIP 11767 |
Ursa Minor | October 10, 2016 | 2450 | A Simple Response to an Elemental Message |
Luyten's Star | HIP 36208 |
Canis Minor | October 16-18, 2017; May 14-16, 2018 |
2030, March | Sónar Calling GJ273b |
Along with serious IRM projects, a number of pseudo-METI[11] projects also exist:
- Poetica Vaginal (1986)[12]
- Discovery Channel Message (2005)[citation needed]
- Craigslist Messages (2005),[13] (2005)[14]
- CNES Cosmic Connexion (2006)[15]
- Doritos Advert (2008)[16]
- RuBisCo Message (2009)[17]
- Sent Forever,[18]
- Penguin UK[19]
References
- ^ An Awkward History of Our Space Transmissions
- ^ a b c "BIOMEDIALE". web.archive.org. 2009-02-13. Retrieved 2024-03-09.
- ^ Reply To 'WOW! Signal' Gets Beamed Into Space
- ^ "A Simple Response". European Space Agency official website. 28 July 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
- ^ "How to send a message to another planet". The Economist. 16 November 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
- ^ "Sónar Calling GJ 273b". Sónar Calling. Sónar Music Festival. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
- Bibcode:2000A&A...360..399W.
- New York Times. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
- ^ Ghosh, Pallab (12 February 2015). "Scientist: 'Try to contact aliens'". BBC News. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
- ^ Various (13 February 2015). "Statement - Regarding Messaging To Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI) / Active Searches For Extraterrestrial Intelligence (Active SETI)". University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
- ^ Cooper, Keith (2010-05-03), SETI: Cosmic Call, Astronomy Now, archived from the original on 2015-05-26, retrieved 2010-05-05
- ^ Deep Space Network Frequently Asked Questions, Deep Space Communications Network, archived from the original on 2010-01-04
- ^ List in Space: Calling the Cosmos Gets Commercial, Space_com, 23 March 2005
- ^ Connecting with the Cosmos, CNES, 2006-01-26, archived from the original on 2010-05-13
- ^ Doritos Makes History With World's First ET Advert, Spacedaily.com, 2008-06-13
- ^ Chandler, David L. (2009-11-24), ET: Check your voicemail, MIT News
- ^ Harris, Mark (2009-09-16), Is Sent Forever the worst Apollo 11 tie-in?, TechRadar, archived from the original on 2010-03-02
- ^ Colvile, Robert (2010-02-09), Calling ET: Your chance to send a message to alien life, The Daily Telegraph, archived from the original on 2010-02-11