London Borough of Enfield

Coordinates: 51°38′42″N 0°03′36″W / 51.645°N 0.060°W / 51.645; -0.060
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Enfield (disambiguation).

London Borough of Enfield
London borough
Enfield Town, and Southgate
.

The London Borough of Enfield (pronunciationⓘ) is a London borough in North London. It borders the London boroughs of Barnet to the west, Haringey to the south, and Waltham Forest to the southeast. To the north are the districts of Hertsmere, Welwyn Hatfield and Broxbourne (in Hertfordshire), and to the east is Epping Forest District in Essex. The local authority is Enfield London Borough Council. Enfield's population is estimated to be 333,794; the main towns in the borough are Edmonton, Enfield, Southgate and Palmers Green. Enfield is the northernmost London borough.

Etymology

Enfield was recorded in Domesday Book in 1086 as Enefelde, and as Einefeld in 1214, Enfeld in 1293, and Enfild in 1564: that is 'open land of a man called Ēana', or 'where lambs are reared', from the Old English feld with an Old English personal name or with Old English ēan 'lamb'. The feld would have been a reference to an area cleared of trees within woodland that would later become known as Enfield Chase.[1]

Historical

The current borough was created in 1965 from the former areas of the

heraldic beast on the shield of the Enfield coat of arms is known in heraldry as an "Enfield
" (or colloquially as the Enfield beast), and is used extensively as a logo representing Enfield, particularly by the borough council.

In

Roman road which stretched all the way up to York
. Artefacts found in the early 1900s reveal that there were Roman settlements in the areas that are now Edmonton and Bush Hill Park.

In 790 King

King Alfred the Great, in order to keep the Danes to the east of the River Lea
.

After the

market, which has continued up to this day. The old market cross was removed in the early 20th century to make way for a monument to the coronation of King Edward VII, but was preserved by the horticulturalist E. A. Bowles for his garden at nearby Myddelton House, where it remains today.[2]

Enfield Grammar School with its Tudor Old Hall stands next to the Enfield Town Market Place and St. Andrew's Church, the school having been extended several times since 1586. A new hall and further additions were completed shortly before World War II.[3]

Nearby historically was the palace of

Pearsons department store and is still recalled in the name of Enfield's shopping centre).[5]

Industry

Enfield has a history of

Bren and Sten
machine guns—the "en" in both cases denoting the place of manufacture.

The world's first solid state circuitry

colour televisions were manufactured by Ferguson
at their now closed plant in Enfield.

The first mass-produced dishwasher was manufactured in Hotpoint's now closed Enfield plant.

The

ATM or cash machine; it was officially opened in June 1967 by Reg Varney, a television actor and personality most famous for his lead role in the comedy series On the Buses. This historical event was marked by a silver plaque on the wall of the bank, and later by an English Heritage Blue plaque
.

A fine example of a

art deco factory building can be found along Southbury Road, with the former Ripaults Factory,[6] now an office building for Travis Perkins
.

Enfield today

Enfield Town

The borough's

Enfield Town, and is home to the council. Enfield Town is also home to the local credit union, North London Credit Union
.

In 2007,

multi-storey car park
was built along with a new road layout.

A major redevelopment of Edmonton Green including the shopping centre, and adjacent municipal housing over a wide area, started in 1999. This is still on-going, and provides new housing, health facilities, a new leisure centre, a supermarket, and many other civic features.

Many local activities are located around the

A10 road, on the sites of former industrial enterprises, which has a number of large retail outlets and a large multiplex Cineworld cinema. The cinema also hosts Jubilee Church on a Sunday morning; whilst cinemagoers continue to watch films in the other screens, a charismatic church which draws its worshippers from a wide area, hiring several auditoria for worship.[citation needed
]

The western part of Enfield is largely residential, with shopping centres in Southgate, Palmers Green and Cockfosters.

Parts of Enfield experienced

rioting in August 2011, in which a private car and a van were set alight and completely destroyed, a police car vandalised (smashed windows) and a number of shops in Enfield Town Centre as well as others in the Enfield Retail Park being broken into and looted. The Sony Distribution Centre in the Innova Business Park, near Waltham Cross, was burnt to the ground. In September 2012, a year after the attack, a rebuilt Sony Distribution Centre was opened by the prime minister, David Cameron.[7]

Demographics

Population
YearPop.±%
180110,789—    
181113,249+22.8%
182115,876+19.8%
183116,745+5.5%
184118,111+8.2%
185118,854+4.1%
186126,819+42.2%
187134,784+29.7%
188142,750+22.9%
189168,557+60.4%
1901103,049+50.3%
1911154,907+50.3%
1921177,309+14.5%
1931202,969+14.5%
1941243,489+20.0%
1951292,100+20.0%
1961279,907−4.2%
1971268,239−4.2%
1981257,169−4.1%
1991263,096+2.3%
2001273,563+4.0%
2011312,466+14.2%
Source: A Vision of Britain through time, citing Census population
Population pyramid of Enfield in 2021
Ethnic makeup of Enfield by single year ages in 2021

Religion in London Borough of Enfield (2021)[8]

  
Christianity (46.4%)
  Islam (18.6%)
  Hinduism (3.1%)
  Other religions (5.1%)
  Non-religious
(19.8%)
  Not Stated (7.0%)
Ethnic Group Year
1981 estimations[9] 1991[10] 2001[11] 2011[12] 2021
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
White: Total 219,115 86% 221,102 85.9% 210,949 77.1% 190,640 61.0% 171,884 52.1%
White: British – – – – 167,394 61.2% 126,450 40.5% 103,140 31.3%
White: Irish – – – – 8,398 3.1% 6,899 2.2% 5,969 1.8%
White:
Gypsy or Irish Traveller
 – – – – – – 344 0.1% 374 0.1%
White: Roma – – – – – – – – 1,121 0.3%
White: Other – – – – 35,157 12.8% 56,947 18.2% 61,280 18.6%
Asian or Asian British
: Total 		– – 16,861 6.6% 23,260 8.5% 34,893 11.1% 40,058 11.5%
Asian or Asian British: Indian – – 9057 3.5% 10,887 4.0% 11,648 3.7% 11,870 3.6%
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani – – 1046 1,717 0.6% 2,594 0.8% 3,674 1.1%
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi – – 2130 3,524 1.3% 5,599 1.8% 8,123 2.5%
Asian or Asian British: Chinese – – 1152 2,011 0.7% 2,588 0.8% 2,691 0.8%
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian – – 3476 5,121 1.9% 12,464 4.0% 11,615 3.5%
Black or Black British: Total – – 15,872 6.16% 28,591 10.4% 53,687 17.1% 60,512 18.2%
Black or Black British: African – – 4087 11,884 4.3% 28,222 9.0% 36,463 11.0%
Black or Black British: Caribbean – – 9402 3.65% 14,590 5.3% 17,334 5.5% 16,990 5.1%
Black or Black British: Other Black – – 2383 2,117 0.8% 8,131 2.6% 7,059 2.1%
Mixed or British Mixed: Total – – – – 9,089 3.0% 17,183 5.5% 19,558 6%
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean – – – – 2,303 1.0% 4,852 1.6% 5,165 1.6%
Mixed: White and Black African – – – – 1,316 0.4% 2,384 0.8% 2,994 0.9%
Mixed: White and Asian – – – – 1,911 0.8% 4,189 1.3% 3,818 1.2%
Mixed: Other Mixed – – – – 3,559 0.8% 5,758 1.8% 7,581 2.3%
Other: Total – – 3,582 1.39% 4,595 0.9% 16,063 5.3% 40,058 12.2%
Other: Arab – – – – – – 1,930 0.7% 2,535 0.8%
Other: Any other ethnic group – – 3582 1.39% 4,595 0.9% 14,133 4.6% 37,523 11.4%
Ethnic minority: Total 35,788 14% 36,315 14.15% 65,535 22.9% 121,826 39.0% 160,186 47.9%
Total 254,903 100% 257,417 100% 276,484 100.00% 312,466 100.00% 329,985 100%

Governance

Enfield London Borough Council

A map showing the wards of Enfield since 2002
London Borough of Enfield street sign
Enfield Civic Centre
Further information:
Enfield local elections

Elections to Enfield Council take place every four years, there are 21 wards in the borough and three councillors are returned to each ward. Of the current 63 councillors there are 46 Labour members, 17 Conservatives meaning the Labour Group currently controls the council. The next Local Government Elections affecting Enfield will take place in 2022.

Greater London representation

For elections to the Greater London Council, the borough formed the Enfield electoral division, electing three members. In 1973 it was divided into the single-member Edmonton, Enfield North and Southgate electoral divisions.[13] The Greater London Council was abolished in 1986.

Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly, the borough forms part of the Enfield and Haringey constituency.

Public services

Health

Two major

Enfield Primary Care NHS Trust in 2013. Another hospital in the borough, Highlands
, was closed in 1993.

Education

Schools

See also:
List of schools in Enfield

The London Borough of Enfield is the education authority for the district. Education is provided in a mix of

state schools.[14]
A number of private schools are also located in the borough.

The borough is home to the well-renowned

Bishop Stopford's School is Enfield's largest school, and The College of Haringey, Enfield and North East London
also has a campus in the borough.

In 2007 a new school named Oasis Academy Enfield was opened, following the takeover of Albany by the Oasis Company as Oasis Academy Hadley.

The Latymer School
is another Grammar school in the borough, and is based in the Edmonton area. Enfield County School is an all girls comprehensive school which sits opposite Enfield Grammar Boys school in Enfield town. It is a split site school with the lower years situated towards the area of Forty Hall.[citation needed]

University

Middlesex University, the former polytechnic, used to have two campuses in Enfield: Cat Hill and Trent Park. These sites both closed in 2011 and courses were relocated to the Hendon campus.

Oak Hill Theological College
, an associate college of Middlesex University, is located in the borough.

Capel Manor
College also offers various courses.

London Fire Brigade

The London Borough of Enfield has three fire stations; Edmonton, Enfield and Southgate. However, if an incident requires a higher attendance, appliances from throughout London can be mobilised to meet the needs of the area if required.[16]

The three fire stations operate a total of five pumping appliances, one rescue tender, a command unit and a USAR unit.[17]

Of the three fire stations within the borough, Enfield is mobilised to the most incidents and has the largest station ground (the area of which Enfield is the first appliance to attend).[18]

Museums

The borough's museums include Forty Hall and the garden exhibitions at Capel Manor, Myddleton House (part of the Lee Valley Park) and the Whitewebbs Museum of Transport. The Borough's own museum is based in Thomas Hardy House, 39 London Road.

Youth activities

Scouting and Guiding
have many groups within Enfield. The annual St George's Day Parade has around a thousand young people marching through Enfield Town, led by the Enfield District Scout Band.

The Boys' and Girls' Brigade are also quite active within the borough, participating in various ceremonies and events throughout the year, including the Enfield Town Show, St Georges Day Parade and on Remembrance Day Parade.

The Air Training Corps has three units in the area, No.85 (Enfield & Southgate) Squadron based in Winchmore Hill and Enfield Town, No.1159 (Edmonton) Squadron based in Edmonton, No.1571 (Ayleward) Squadron based in Aylward School and No.2473 (Highlands & Southgate) Squadron in Highlands School, Southgate.

The Red Room music and film project ran from 2008 – 2014 based in Ponders End, aimed at 13 – 19 year olds supported and funded by Enfield Council.

Media

Enfield Dispatch

Enfield Independent
provide local news.

Sport and recreation

Enfield's

POW camp for Italians during World War II
.

The second largest playing fields are at Firs Farm on Firs Lane. There are a handful of rugby pitches along with more than a dozen football pitches. These are used by local amateur football clubs including

Winchmore Hill Football Club,[20] Mayfield Athletic FC and Southgate County FC. The pitches drain reasonably well[according to whom?
] but are generally in poor condition with old, rusted goalposts. The changing facilities are also very dilapidated, with some changing rooms being no more than concrete sheds with corrugated roofs.

Many sports teams and clubs are located in Enfield;

Brimsdown Rovers for the start of the 2011/2012 season. Saracens Rugby Football Club used to play in Enfield and still train at Bramley Road sports ground near Cockfosters.[citation needed
]

The principal cricket clubs in the area are Enfield,

North Enfield CC, Botany Bay and Holtwhites Trinibis CC. Many clubs play in either the Middlesex Cricket League or the Hertfordshire League. Enfield, Southgate, and Winchmore Hill have long been the area's most successful cricket clubs, regularly competing in the Middlesex Premier League. Enfield (in 1988) and Southgate (in 1977) are both past winners of the ECB National Club Cricket Championship

The main swimming club in the borough is Enfield Swim Squad, which was created from an amalgamation of Edmonton Phoenix S.C. and Griffins S.C. of Enfield.[citation needed]

Futsal is also played in the area with Futsal Club Enfield who were founded in 2007 playing in the National Futsal League Premiership South Division for 2019/20.[citation needed]

Gaelic Football is also played in the area. The club North London Shamrocks play at Enfield Playing Fields.[citation needed]

Enfield Phoenix is the local basketball club with teams playing in the National League and the Central London League. The team play at the Edmonton Leisure Centre, Edmonton Green with seating for 400 spectators.[citation needed]

Theatre goers are catered for by the

Chickenshed Theatre Company, with amateur and professional shows, dance pieces, musicals and live music on show. Amateur dramatic companies include Saint Monica's Players, The Capel Players and The London Pantomimers.[25]
Talkies Community Cinema screens British Independent and specialist films in a range of venues across the borough.

Tottenham Hotspur Football Club's new training ground is located in Enfield at Bulls Cross.[26]

Enfield is the home to the annual Livestock Music Festival.[27] It is also home to Cheerleading squads- Sapphire Elite Cheerleaders, North London Wildcats and Enfield Blaze All-star Cheerleaders.[citation needed]

Croquet is played at Enfield Croquet Club in Bush Hill Park.[28]

The first international branch of the WWE Performance Center was opened in Enfield's Great Cambridge Industrial Estate on 11 January 2019. The center is used by the WWE as a professional wrestling school to train potential future wrestlers from across the globe, as well as a training centre for current WWE wrestlers.[29]

Transport

In 1840 the first section of the

direct line from London to Enfield Town was opened in 1872 with stations at Silver Street and Lower Edmonton (now called Edmonton Green). In 1891, a loop from Edmonton serving Southbury (Churchbury) and Turkey Street (Forty Hill) to Cheshunt on the main line was added. The Cheshunt and Enfield Town services are currently served by London Overground
.

In 1871 the

Hertford Loop
.

London Underground services in Enfield at the eastern end of the Piccadilly line.

Enfield is served by the

Great Northern
services also run within the borough.

There are numerous bus services throughout the borough run by Transport for London.

The main roads running through the borough include the

Hertford Road
(A1010).

In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: driving a car or van, 26.1% of all residents aged 16–74; underground, metro, light rail, tram, 8.2%; bus, minibus or coach, 8.2%; train, 7.3%; on foot, 4.0%; work mainly at or from home, 2.7%; passenger in a car or van, 1.6%.[30]

Town twinning

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom

Enfield is twinned with:

See also

References

  1. ISBN 0-19-860957-4
    Retrieved 28 October 2008
  2. ^ Bryan Hewitt (1997) The Crocus King: E. A. Bowles of Myddelton House
  3. ^ Dalling, Graham (30 December 2005). "Secondary Schools a history". History & Heritage. London Borough of Enfield. Archived from the original on 8 November 2007. Retrieved 15 November 2007.
  4. ^ Edward VI, Jorge H. Castelli
  5. ^ Enfield Town – Top Models of Royal Enfield Archived 7 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 November 2007
  6. ^ Historic England. "RIPAULTS FACTORY, Non Civil Parish (1079486)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  7. ^ "London riots: Three teens arrested over Sony/PIAS warehouse fire". 11 August 2011.
  8. ^ "Religion - Religion in England and Wales: Census 2021, ONS".
  9. ^ "Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement". Commission for Racial Equality: Table 2.2. 1985.
  10. ^ "1991 census – theme tables". NOMIS. Archived from the original on 30 September 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  11. ^ "KS006 - Ethnic group". NOMIS. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  12. ^ "Ethnic Group by measures". NOMIS. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  13. ^ Boothroyd, David. "Greater London Council Election results: Enfield". United Kingdom Election Results. Archived from the original on 24 March 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  14. ^ Education gateway for LB Enfield Archived 21 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine accessed 5 June 2007
  15. ^ Results in Enfield, 2006: GCSE
  16. ^ "London Fire Brigade – Enfield Profile" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008.
  17. ^ Urban Search and Rescue Vehicles Archived 12 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine [dead link]
  18. ^ London Fire Brigade – Enfield Profile Archived 27 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine ][dead link]
  19. ^ Dispatch, Enfield (27 September 2018). "About us". Enfield Dispatch. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  20. ^ a b "Winchmore Hill Football Club". www.winchmorehillfc.co.uk.
  21. ^ "Enfield Cricket". www.enfieldcricketclub.com.
  22. ^ "Welcome to Winchmore Hill Cricket Club Website". www.winchmorehillcc.co.uk.
  23. ^ "Dugdale Centre". Box Office. Enfield Council. Archived from the original on 15 August 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  24. ^ "The Dugdale Centre". Love Your Doorstep. 13 December 2012. Archived from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  25. ^ "The London Pantomimers". Archived from the original on 14 August 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
  26. ^ "CHIGWELL: Questions raised over Spurs training ground move". East London and West Essex Guardian Series.
  27. ^ "Home". www.livestockuk.com.
  28. ^ "Home". www.enfieldcroquet.org.
  29. ^ "WWE opens London performance centre as part of international expansion". Sky Sports. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  30. ^ "2011 Census: QS701EW Method of travel to work, local authorities in England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 November 2013. Percentages are of all residents aged 16–74 including those not in employment. Respondents could only pick one mode, specified as the journey's longest part by distance.

External links

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