Lubaczów

Lubaczów
Market square
Car plates		RLU
Website	http://www.lubaczow.pl

Lubaczów [luˈbat͡ʂuf] (Ukrainian: Любачів Liubachiv) is a town in southeastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine, with 12,567 inhabitants^[2] Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (since 1999), it is the capital of Lubaczów County and is located 50 kilometres (31 miles) northeast of Przemyśl.

Other names

Lubaczów is also called (or misspelled as): Libatchov, Libechuyv, Liubachev, Lubachov, Lubatchov, Lubichuv, Lubachow, Lubatchow.

History

Lubaczow was first mentioned in 1214, when, following the Spis Treaty between Duke

From 1772 until 1918 Lubaczow belonged to Austrian Galicia, as the town was annexed by the Habsburg Empire after the first partition of Poland. In 1868, Austrian authorities moved the seat of the county to nearby Cieszanów, while in 1880, Lubaczow received rail connection with Jarosław. in 1896 a hospital was built, but three years later, most of the town burned in a large fire.

In 1918, Poland was declared an independent state: Lubaczów became part of

On September 7, 1939: Lubaczów was bombed by German planes, and five days later, the town was occupied by the Germans. On September 26, however, the Red Army seized Lubaczow (see Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact). The town remained under Soviet occupation until June 22, 1941, while German occupation lasted until July 1944, when Lubaczow was recaptured by the Soviets.

After

.

Jewish history

This section is in prose. You can help by converting this section, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (May 2013)

• 1498: The Jews of Lubaczów are mentioned for the first time, when they were granted a
  customs duties
  that year.
• 1532: The Polish King forbade the Jews of Lubaczów to do any business with the population in the surrounding villages.
• 1538: Tax records show that there were eighteen Jewish families living in Lubaczów who paid taxes to the King.
• 1565: The lustration of this year mentions only three Jewish families living in the town.
• 1621, 1633 & 1639: Lubaczów Jews were involved in trade and crafts, and also had the right to brew beer. They still held the lease for the collection of municipal fees, as well as the royal taxes from the entire starostwo (local administrative unit) in these years.
• 1648–1649: The
  barbaric methods they attacked the Jews. In Lubaczów the shops at the Rynek
  (town square) and in the surrounding streets were completely burnt down.
• 1662: The lustration of that year does not mention any Jewish households, though by the early eighteenth century a relatively large community did exist there, as evidenced by the amount of taxes paid to the royal treasury.
• 1670: There were only five Jewish families in Lubaczów.
• 1765: According to the census of that year, there were 687 Jews obliged to pay taxes who were living in the town and surrounding villages.
• 1787: Around thirty Jewish families in Lubaczów asked the Austrian government to give them land so that they could be farmers, but there was no response to their plea.
• 19th century: The Jewish community in Lubaczów grew stronger and the Jews worked as traders in agricultural products, and peddling in the nearby villages.
• 1880: The eastern and western railway lines in Poland were connected after a new railway was built from Jarosław, and Lubaczów became important after getting its own railway station. That year, the Jewish Community was about 1,300 people (approximately 30% of the total population).
• 1891: A Business directory for
  Galicia^[3]
  is published, containing about 25000 names of people in the professions. It includes several people from Lubaczów.
• 1899: There was a big fire in Lubaczów in 1899 and the town was largely damaged. Among those who lost their homes were 220 Jewish families comprising almost 1000 people.
• 1906: The Address Directory for
  Galicia
  was published. It had 550 pages.
• 1914–1918: During World War I, around 500 Jews left Lubaczów and many did not come back till the middle of the twenties.
• 1931: According to most sources, this year there were 6291 citizens in the city of Lubaczów, out of whom 1794 were Jews. However, according to a table from the "Population of the Eastern Galicia in 1931",[4] the locality of Lubaczów had a total population of 51,885, from where 23,686 (43.7%) were Polish, 24,470 (47.2%) were Ukrainian, 3,503 (6.8%) were Yiddish (probably referring to Jews) and 226 (0.4%) were of other descent.
• 1933: The Jewish Cemetery in Lubaczów was closed by the Polish authorities, and was reopened only after a long public struggle.
• 1939: According to "
  Holocaust
  . According to other sources, there were 2,300.
• September 1 and September 17, 1939: Germany and Soviet Union invade Poland. Lubaczow is occupied by the Soviet Union, until June 1941,
• April 1942: There were 2270 Jews in Lubaczów.
• May 1942: 2000 Jews were brought by the Germans to Lubaczów from the surrounding villages.
• October 1942: The
  Nazis gave the order that a Jewish Ghetto should be established in Lubaczów. Within 48 hours the Jews were overcrowded within the ghetto. Shortly after that the first transport of Jews was sent from Lubaczów to Belzec. Jews from Niemirów and Potilitz
  were brought to Lubaczów. At its peak, the Ghetto became home for 7000 Jews, who were kept in apartments located in the center of the town. About 5–6 families lived in each apartment.
• November 1942: Most of the Jews from Oleszyce, about 2000, were brought to Lubaczów.
• December 1942: The
  Nazis
  had already shipped 2500 Jews to the extermination camp at Belzec.
• January 5, 1943: There was a great snowstorm that brought great cold. The Germans collected all finished and unfinished items from the Jewish tailors and shoemakers. A rumor spread that the Germans would kill all the Jews. Whoever had the possibility fled that night from the ghetto.
• January 6, 1943: Around 8 a.m., the final mass execution of the Jews in Lubaczów started. The Germans and their Ukrainian auxiliaries murdered hundreds. The killings continued until January 14. Some were killed when found in their underground secret
  bunkers. Others were brought to the Jewish cemetery where an estimated 1200 Jews were killed and buried in a mass grave. Some were sent to Belzec extermination camp. The very few Jews who survived did so by fleeing into the forests and by joining the partisans
  . Only around 20 Lubaczow Jews survived the war.
• July 21, 1944: The Germans finally withdrew and the Soviet
  communist
  country aligned with the Soviet Union.

• St. Nicolaus Orthodox church,
• Historical town hall
• Rail station (1880), with a water tower,
• Jewish cemetery
• Roman Catholic cemetery (19th century)
• Castle hill with remains of a fortress, granary and park

Notable people

• Aleksander Bandrowski (1860–1913), singer
• Polish Army
  , who in September 1939 commanded defence of the Polish Coast
• Stanisław Dębicki (1866–1924), painter
• Robert Korzeniowski (b. 1968), racewalker, Olympic golden medallist
• PZL.23 Karas and PZL.38 Wilk
• Józefina Szałańska (b. 1951), actress
• Władysław Witwicki (1878–1948), psychologist, philosopher, translator and artist

Gallery

• 
  Market square
• 
  St. Stanislaw Church
• 
  District Court in Lubaczów
• 
  Lubaczów Music School
• 
  Greek Catholic Church of St. Nicholas

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Lubaczów is

City	Country	Year
Tostedt	Germany	1993
Yavoriv	Ukraine	1997
Érd	Hungary	2003
Sobrance	Slovakia	2009
Reghin	Romania	2014

References

External links

• List of Holocaust victims of Lubaczów published in 1954, by Israeli Lubaczower Landsmanschaft and its chairman, Uri Roth. Written by Samuel S. Lieberman
• Pictures of Lubaczów Partisans
• Lubaczów business directory, 1929
• Telephone list from Lubaczów, 1932