Marikina River
This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2022) |
Marikina River | |
---|---|
Marikina River mouth | |
Native name | Ilog ng Marikina (Tagalog) |
Location | |
Country | Philippines |
Region | |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | Sierra Madre mountains |
• location | Rodriguez, Rizal |
Mouth | Pasig River |
• location | Pasig |
• coordinates | 14°33′30″N 121°04′05″E / 14.55833°N 121.06806°E |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
Length | 78 km (48 mi) |
Basin size | 680 km2 (260 sq mi) |
Discharge | |
• maximum | 160 m3/s (5,700 cu ft/s) |
Basin features | |
Progression | Marikina–Pasig |
The Marikina River (
province.The Marikina River used to be an important transport route during the
Due to negligence and industrial development, the river has become very polluted, an act which recent Marikina administrations have attempted to address. According to a 2003 pollution report by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the Pasig River and Marikina River are both biologically dead.[2]
The Marikina River system
In the Pamitinan Protected Landscape located in Sitio Wawa, Brgy. San Rafael, in Rodriguez, the Marikina River is dammed by Wawa Dam, a structure built during the early 1900s to provide water for Manila.[3] From Rodriguez, the river flows through San Mateo then to its namesake city of Marikina. In Pasig, the river meets the gates of the Manggahan Floodway, a controlled waterway used to prevent flooding in Manila during heavy rains by diverting most of the water of the Marikina toward Laguna de Bay instead of the Pasig River. Located 6.75 kilometres (4.19 mi) downstream is the confluence of the Marikina and Pasig Rivers.[4]
The river's depth ranges from 3 to 21 metres (9.8 to 68.9 ft) and spans from 70 to 120 metres (230 to 390 ft). It has a total area of nearly 75.2 hectares (0.752 km2) and is 27 kilometres (17 mi) long.[5] The riverbank has an elevation of 8 meters above sea level at the boundary of San Mateo and Marikina. This slowly goes down at an elevation of 4 metres (13 ft) nearly before the Malanday and Santo Niño boundary. The lowest elevation is along Calumpang which 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) above sea level.[citation needed]
Tributary waterways
The Marikina River has a number of
Rodriguez, Rizal
The biggest of these tributaries are upstream in the more mountainous areas of Rodriguez. This includes the Tayabasan River and Montalban River, the Boso Boso River, and the Wawa River, which meets the Marikina River just upstream of Wawa Dam. Further downstream from the dam, but still in the town of Rodriguez are the Puray River (which flows near Avilon Zoo) and Manga River.[6]
Barangka
Until this point the river follows a more or less east–west direction until San Jose, Rodriguez, where it takes a sharp north–south turn towards the municipality of San Mateo, where the Ampid River forms the boundary between Barangays Maly and Ampid. At this point across the river in Quezon City, Calamiong Creek drains Barangay Bagong Silang.[7] Further downstream the Nangka River and its own tributary in the Sapang Labo Creek mark the boundary between San Mateo and Marikina.[6][8]
City of Marikina
Somewhere north of Brgy. Tumana in Marikina marks a point at which an American Colonial Era levee shifted the flow of Marikina River west, away from the population center of Sitio Bayanbayanan (now known as Concepcion Uno), where erosion had been a problem. The construction of a levee left behind a remnant waterway now known as Patay na Ilog (literally "Dead River", referring to the former path of the river) where the original path of the river once traversed, which rejoins the Marikina River just south of Tumana Bridge. The dredging for this American era levee left behind a large stone outcropping just below water level where the Marikina's children would play, back when the water was still clean, such that this part of the river is still called luksong kabayo.[9]
The name of Barangay Tumana refers to the
Further south on the Quezon City side Barangay Pansol is drained by Pansol Creek, with headwaters reaching as far up to just behind the
Adjacent creeks
In Marikina, numerous other creeks flow nearby the Marikina River but are not directly connected. These include the Bankaan Creek in Barangay Parang, the Concepcion Creek in Barangay Concepcion Dos, and the Usiw Creek in Barangay Santa Elena. Instead, these waterways are linked in a complex network with the Balanti, Halang, and Muntingdilao Creeks and the Sapang Baho River, eventually emptying into the Manggahan Floodway and Laguna de Bay.
Ecology
The Marikina River is on the verge of an ecological imbalance as a strange species of fish has dominated its ecosystem. Since the late 1990s, the Marikina River has been infested by
.The growing fish population has prompted the city government to launch a new program to control their number. The city issued Ordinance 004, series of 2007, launching the Janitor Fish Eradication Drive in the city of Marikina, granting cash incentives to participants, appropriating ₱50,000.00 annually for this purpose.[10]
A scientific study of the species found in five locations in the Laguna de Bay tributary system, including the Marikina River, revealed that the specimen of janitor fish previously reported as Hypostomus plecostomus actually belongs to the genus Pterygoplichthys, family Loricariidae. The collected specimens for this study consisted of two species: Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus and Pterygoplichthys pardalis. Both species were collected from the Marikina River. Only the species disjunctivus was collected from the Pasig River.[11][12]
Crossings
A total of 18 bridges cross the Marikina. The first bridge from the tri-junction with Boso-Boso and Sapa Bute Rivers is the Pacific Bridge, followed by the Rancho Luisito Way Bridge, Eastwood Greenview Bridge, and Phil Rock Spillway Bridge respectively to the south. Then it goes further towards the first government-owned bridge which is the San Jose Bridge.
Crossing over to the border in between Quezon City and San Mateo,
The next bridge downstream towards the border between Quezon City and Marikina is the Macapagal Bridge connecting the cities of Quezon and Marikina. Then it crosses over to another administrative border between Quezon City and Pasig with the Manalo Bridge.
Further downstream, the remaining bridges prior to the river's southern end are all in Pasig wherein the first three are the Bridgetowne Viaduct (crossing within the Bridgetowne development), Rosario Bridge, and Sandoval Bridge. Then the newest bridge, opened in October 2017, is the Kaginhawaan Bridge that connects barangays Poblacion and Ugong in Pasig.[13] Then the last bridges near the Pasig River confluence are the Vargas Bridge and the Santa Rosa de Lima Bridge.
The future expressway bridge is the
Significant floods
Typhoon Ketsana/Ondoy
On September 26, 2009, at about 6:00 pm PST, Typhoon Ondoy hit Metro Manila and dumped one month's rainfall in less than 24 hours, causing the Marikina River system, including the Manggahan Floodway, to burst its banks rapidly. Along with flooding along other river systems, 80 percent of the National Capital Region became flooded. Also flooded were 25 nearby provinces. In Metro Manila alone, 20 feet (6.1 m) of dirty water forced people to evacuate their homes. By September 30 at least 450,000 inhabitants had been displaced, with at last 380,000 forced into makeshift shelters; 246 people were reported dead. It is believed that blocked pipes, a poorly maintained sewerage system, and uncollected domestic waste were major factors in the speed with which the flood waters engulfed the surrounding area. This prompted President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to declare a State of National Calamity and set up a task force to rescue the inhabitants. However, the government was forced to admit that resources were in short supply and called for global assistance. Thereafter, efforts have been made to make the drainage system better for the whole city by fixing the sewers together with the new trademarked "Red Sidewalks".
This is the worst storm that Metro Manila has experienced since 1967.
Typhoon Meari/Falcon
On June 24, 2011, heavy rains of Severe Tropical Storm Meari affected Luzon including Metro Manila. The water level in the Marikina River reached its critical level, flooding beside its riverbanks, just near along the river. However, the water level did not reach its higher banks, into the streets and communities. No casualties were reported but the mud and debris from the river was left by overflowed riverbanks.
Typhoon Nesat/Pedring
On September 27, 2011, Typhoon Pedring dumped heavy rains like Ondoy over Luzon including Metro Manila and nearby provinces. Marikina's water level reached a higher level than June 24, 2011, reaching 20.1 metres (66 ft) by 5 pm. The flood submerged houses in several barangays of Marikina and San Mateo. SM City Marikina Basement Parking submerged in muddy water. No deaths were recorded in Marikina, but in San Mateo, there is one. The day after, the Marikina River returned in critical level. On September 29, 2011, 5 am, water subsided in the banks of the river and the residents started to clean. At 6 am, water reached 15.2 metres (50 ft).
2012 Southwest Monsoon rains/Habagat
Although located hundreds of kilometers away from the Philippines, the southerly flow from
This was the worst rain in non-direct typhoon or tropical storm on record that Metro Manila has experienced since 2009, surpassing the accumulated amount of rain brought by Typhoon Ketsana.
Typhoon Vamco/Ulysses
The Marikina River surpassed the water levels reached by Typhoon Ketsana in 2009, which brought massive rainfall and caused severe flooding. As of 11:00 PHT the river's water level had risen to 22 metres (72 ft), submerging most parts of the city in flood waters, according to the Marikina Public Information Office.[22]
See also
- List of rivers and esteros in Manila
- Pasig River Ferry Service
- Pasig river rehabilitation
References
- ISBN 971-550-135-4.
- ^ Philippine Daily Inquirer. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- ^ "Final List of Watersheds Supporting 140 River Irrigation System of the NIA" (PDF). Green Army Network. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
- ^ Google (August 15, 2012). "Manggahan Floodway" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
- ^ Badilla, Roy A. (2008). Flood Modelling in Pasig-Marikina River Basin (PDF) (MS thesis). International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation.
- ^ .
- ^ "QC to Relocate More ISF's Away from Danger Zones". The Local Government of Quezon City. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
- ^ Adraneda, Katherine (November 9, 2009). "DENR Orders Marikina, Mmda to Remove Trash from Nangka River". Philstar Global. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
- ^ a b "Know Your Barangay". marikina.gov.ph. Archived from the original on September 18, 2011.
- ^ "Ordinance No. 004" (PDF) – via marikina.gov.ph.[dead link]
- doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1109.1.6.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Banos, Mike (June 5, 2006). "Janitor Fish Threatens Asia's Largest Marshland". American Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 21, 2008.
- ^ "Pasig City Inaugurates New Kaginhawahan Bridge". Pasig. Archived from the original on October 14, 2017. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
- ^ "SitRep No.1 re Effects of Southwest Monsoon Enhanced by TS "Haikui"" (PDF). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. August 7, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 16, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
- ^ "China Evacuates 450,000 After Philippines Turned Into 'Waterworld' by Typhoon Haikui". The Telegraph. August 7, 2012. Archived from the original on August 9, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
- ^ Calonzo, Andreo (August 7, 2012). "Southwest Monsoon Brings More Rains than Ondoy". GMA News. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
- ^ a b Merueñas, Mark (August 7, 2012). "23,000 Residents Evacuated as Marikina River Continues to Swell". GMA News. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
- ^ "Manila Floods Force 270,000 to Flee". Financial Times. Reuters. August 7, 2012. Archived from the original on August 8, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
- ^ McGeown, Kate (August 7, 2012). "Floods Paralyse Philippine Capital Manila". BBC News. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
- ^ "SitRep No.2 re Effects of Southwest Monsoon Enhanced by TS "Haikui"" (PDF). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. August 7, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 16, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
- ^ Whaley, Floyd (August 7, 2012). "Rains Flood Manila Area, Sending Thousands Fleeing". The New York Times. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
- ^ Casinas, John Aldrin (November 12, 2020). "Marikina River Reaches 'Ondoy'-Like Water Level". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved November 12, 2020.