Marvin Zelen

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Marvin Zelen
Born(1927-06-21)June 21, 1927
Boston, Massachusetts
NationalityAmerican
Alma materCity College of New York, New York City, B.S., mathematics, 1949;

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, M.S., mathematical statistics, 1951;

experimental design models
InstitutionsStevens Institute of Technology, 1951-1952

National Institute of Standards & Technology
), 1952-1961
University of Maryland
, 1960-1961
National Cancer Institute, 1963-1967
State University of New York (Buffalo), 1967-1977
Frontier Science & Technology Research Foundation (Founmer)
Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, * 1977-??
Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University
, 1977–2007
University of California, Berkeley - visiting
University of Wisconsin
- visiting
Imperial College of Science & Technology (London) - visiting
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (London) - visiting

Hebrew University
- visiting

Marvin Zelen (June 21, 1927 – November 15, 2014) was Professor Emeritus of Biostatistics in the Department of Biostatistics at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), and Lemuel Shattuck Research Professor of Statistical Science (the first recipient).[1] During the 1980s, Zelen chaired HSPH's Department of Biostatistics. Among colleagues in the field of statistics, he was widely known as a leader who shaped the discipline of biostatistics.[2] He "transformed clinical trial research into a statistically sophisticated branch of medical research."[3]

Zelen was noted for his developing some of the statistical methods and study designs still used in clinical cancer trials, in which experimental drugs are tested for toxicity, effectiveness, and proper dosage. He introduced measures to ensure that data gathered from human trials would be as free as possible of errors and biases—measures that are now standard practice. Zelen helped transform

medical science. His work in this area led to significant medical advances, such as improved treatments for several different forms of cancer
. His research also focused on improved early detection of cancer; on modeling the progression of cancer and its response to treatment; and on using statistical models to help determine optimal screening strategies for various common cancers, especially breast cancer. Ironically, he died after a prolonged battle with cancer.

One of those

randomized clinical trials is known as Zelen's design or Zelen's randomized consent design,[4] in which patients are randomized to either the treatment or to the control group before they give their informed consent
. Because the group to which any given patient is assigned is known at the time of consenting, the study patient's consent can be sought conditionally.

In 1962 Zelen was elected as a

Fellow of the American Statistical Association.[5]

Education

Work History

  • 1951-1952 - Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey
  • 1952-1961 -
    National Institute of Standards & Technology
    )
  • 1960-1961 -
    University of Maryland
    (College Park), Associate Professor
  • 1961-1963 -
    University of Wisconsin
    ’s Mathematics Research Center
  • 1963-1967 -
    Bethesda, MD
    [Chair, Section on Statistics and Applied Mathematics]
  • 1967-1977 - State University of New York (Buffalo), Professor and Leading Professor
  • 1975 - Founder, President, Chairman of Board, Frontier Science & Technology Research Foundation (a notfor–profit foundation devoted to the advancement of statistical science in clinical trials)[6]
  • 1977-2014 - Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Professor of Statistical Science [Chair, Department of Biostatistical Science (DFCI)]
  • 1977–2007 -
    Harvard School of Public Health
    , Professor of Statistical Science [Chair, HSPH Department of Biostatistics (1981-1990)]
  • 2007-2014 -
    Harvard School of Public Health, Lemuel Shattuck Research Professor of Statistical Science (established by Derek Bok
    )

Visiting faculty member:

Early life and career before Harvard

Marvin Zelen was born and reared in

National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C. He was the only math lab employee without a doctorate, which he later earned in 1957 at American University
.

In the early 1960s, Zelen spent two years (1961-1963) as a visiting professor at the

Fulbright Scholar, and then he joined the biostatistics department at the State University of New York in Buffalo, now University at Buffalo
.

During his 10 years in Buffalo, Zelen helped the

University of Buffalo
, which focused on overseeing and improving statistical aspects of large, complex drug trials. ECOG would later become one of the world's largest programs for testing and evaluating various cancer treatments.

Zelen was also prominent in President Richard Nixon’s “war on cancer” during the early 1970s. He was chair of a committee responsible for designing and organizing the new program. Lee-Jen Wei, HSPH biostatistics professor, called Zelen's involvement in the early war on cancer “tremendous and lasting.”

Academic career at Harvard

In the mid-1970s, Zelen's pioneering work in Buffalo brought him to the attention of HSPH's then-biostatistics chair, Frederick Mosteller. Zelen insisted that he would only come to Harvard if he could bring the biostatistics team which he had built in Buffalo, since he wanted to build the world's greatest biostatistics department wherever he went. Thus, in 1977, 27 faculty, researchers, and other staff members moved from Buffalo to Boston, along with their

DEC-20 computer and their research projects, the ECOG trials — 150 cancer trials involving several thousand patients. Zelen's lab was established at the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, where, simultaneously with his tenure at HSPH, he built the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute
’s Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology.

Zelen’s colleague and successor (as Department Chair), biostatistics professor Nan Laird, recalled that “those first few years of integrating twelve new faculty members from Buffalo with half as many from Harvard were part of Marvin’s grand plan to make Harvard the nation's leading biostatistics department — which it is and has been for quite some time. It was an enormously exciting time when we were united in working towards a common goal. Marvin’s genius was that he got all of us involved, then stepped back and gave us all the credit.”

Zelen served for a decade in the 1980s (1981-1990) as chair of the

Harvard School of Public Health's Department of Biostatistics, where he has been credited with transforming HSPH's biostatistics department into the best biostatistics department in the United States. He was also a member of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University, in the FAS Department of Statistics in Harvard Square
, and voted to remain an Emeritus Professor there, also, until his death in late 2014.

In 2007, Zelen became the first holder of the newly named (by Harvard President Derek Bok) Lemuel Shattuck Research Professor of Statistical Science at HSPH.[7]

Zelen was known for developing the statistical methods and study designs that are used in clinical cancer trials, in which experimental drugs are tested for toxicity, effectiveness, and proper dosage. He also introduced measures to ensure that data from the trials are as free as possible of errors and biases—measures that are now standard practice. Prof. Zelen helped transform clinical trial research into a well-managed and statistically sophisticated branch of medical science. His work in this area has led to significant medical advances, such as improved treatments for several different forms of cancer. His research also focused on improved early detection of cancer; on modeling the progression of cancer and its response to treatment; and on using statistical models to help determine optimal screening strategies for various common cancers, especially breast cancer.

Mitchell H. Gail, MD, PhD,[8] senior investigator in the biostatistics branch of NCI's Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and president of the American Statistical Association (1995), commented:

Marvin had a lot of guts and a vision for what was important. He finagled NCI into supporting the use of

clinical trials
, long before the study section supported it. He inspired the clinical trials community of statisticians.

On a more personal level, Zelen's colleague and successor Laird said that

[Prof. Zelen was] a tremendous force in my personal and professional life. He was always in and out of my office, asking how things were going. Even as he was trying to convince me to do something I absolutely did not want to do, I always felt his intentions for me were the best. Marvin was always honest and unpretentious.

In 1981, Zelen succeeded

clinical trials
, and improved the biostatistics curriculum. As its chair, he helped propel the department to its position as a leading center for biostatistical research.

Zelen also achieved another level of fame in the early 1980s when he and his late colleague (died 2009) in the biostatistics department, Stephen Lagakos,[9] launched a study of a possible connection between a cluster of childhood leukemia cases in Woburn and the town's water supply. Known as the Harvard Health Study, the investigation showed, for the first time, a connection between Woburn's contaminated water and a variety of adverse health effects, including leukemia. The matter made headlines, wound up in court, and was chronicled in the book A Civil Action, which was later made into a movie. As the book notes, when Prof. Zelen announced the study's results in the basement of a Woburn church in February 1984, someone in the audience called out, “Thank God for Marvin Zelen,” and the crowd burst into applause.

Another of Zelen's achievements was his establishment, in 1975, of the Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation in Boston, a nonprofit devoted to advancing the use of statistical science and practice and data management techniques in science, health care, and education. Prof. Zelen served as president, and his wife Thelma was chief administrative officer. Several of his other close friends and Harvard colleagues were also directly involved. Richard D. Gelber, professor of biostatistics of HSPH and at DFCI,[10] and winner of the 2008 Komen Brinker Award for Scientific Distinction, noted:

This is another excellent example of how Marvin established an environment within which others could flourish. Thelma’s contributions to Marvin’s success cannot be overlooked. Their partnership is a role model of working together, and she has been a major force in the formation and administrative leadership of Frontier Science as its chief operating officer for almost 40 years.

and, adding his voice of praise for Prof. Zelen's mentorship and generosity

During the past 39 years, Marvin taught me much about the importance of collaborative research, and how progress is fueled by statistical and clinical scientists working together as partners.

Fellow biostatisticians from around the country—people like Jack Kalbfleisch from the

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Norman Breslow from the University of Washington
- have all spoken of Zelen's huge influence. Said Kalbfleisch, “Marvin was a tremendous force in the profession and a great mentor to so many of his colleagues and students.” Prentice said Prof. Zelen “did much to define the biostatistical profession.” Breslow said he was “greatly influenced by Marvin and his work.”

Again, Mitchell H. Gail of National Cancer Institute recalled:

So many people were helped by Marvin, whether they needed assistance with starting a company, with a personal matter, or with ideas and guidance in academic statistics. That is truly a legacy to be proud of.

Zelen was survived by his wife, Thelma Geier Zelen, and their two daughters, Deborah and Sandy Zelen, and by two grandsons, Matthew and Toby Mues.[11]

Honors and awards

  • Zelen has received numerous awards and honors. His work has been recognized around the world through awards and other accolades. He has received numerous awards, among them from ASA, ISI, IMS; he is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1997, in honor of his 70th birthday, the School established the annual Marvin Zelen Leadership Award in Statistical Science, which has become one of the most prestigious awards in the field, meant to reflect Prof. Zelen's contributions to quantitative science and beyond. The Marvin Zelen Leadership Award in Statistical Science, Awarded annually by the
    Harvard School of Public Health in Boston. They administer three other major annual statistical awards, in the spirit of Zelen's aspirations to make the HSPH Biostatistics Department number one among the world's academic biostatistics departments.[13]
Awardees:[14]
  • Elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS)
  • Member, American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Statistical Association (ASA)
  • Institute of Mathematical Statistics
  • ???? - Lecturer, Mortimer and Raymond Sackler Institute of Advanced Studies, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
  • 1965-1966 - Fulbright Senior Lecturer Award (United Kingdom)
  • 1966 - Washington Academy of Science Award for distinguished work in mathematics
  • 1996 - Clair and Richard Morse Award for outstanding achievement in advancing cancer research
  • 2003 - Docteur, Honoris Causa (honorary doctoral degree), Universite Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, France
  • 2004 - A special issue of the journal Lifetime Data Analysis was dedicated to him.
  • 2006 - Samuel S. Wilks Memorial Award, American Statistical Association
  • 2007 - R.A. Fisher Lectureship, Fisher Lecturer Award, Committee of the Presidents of the Statistical Society (COPSS), in recognition of his outstanding contributions to statistical science. Award Lecture: "The early detection of disease: Statistical challenges"[20]
  • 2007 - Awarded newly-established Lemuel Shattuck Research Professorship in Statistical Science, established and named by Harvard President Derek Bok, effective September 1, 2007
  • 2007 - Lifetime Achievement Award (International Indian Statistical Association)
  • 2008 - Emanuel & Carol Prize for Statistical Innovation (Texas A&M University)
  • 2008 - Parzen Prize Lecture, with Nancy Reid, Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University[21][22]
  • 2009 (November 11) - Medal of Honor, American Cancer Society’s highest honor, in recognition of his accomplishments in Cancer Research (November 2009).
  • 2012 - Karl E. Peace award for "Outstanding Statistical Contributions for the Betterment of Society"

Symposia

  • Three symposia have been held around the world in Zelen's honor:

Boards, Chairmanship, and Professional Service

  • Cytel (provider of biostatistics and operations research software and service knowledge)[26]
  • 1997-2000 - Chair, Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies (COPSS)

Collegial praise

Current HSPH biostatistics chair Victor de Gruttola said

Scientists from around the world have benefited from Dr. Zelen’s innovative ideas and transformative effect on biomedical research, but those of us associated with the Harvard Department of Biostatistics are particularly grateful for Dr. Zelen’s commitment to educating students and advancing the careers of junior scientists.

Bibliography

Zelen has had work published in more than 150 publications. The most complete list published in one place is on his profile page in the Harvard Catalyst.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Awarded newly-established Lemuel Shattuck Research Professorship in Statistical Science, established and named by Harvard President Derek Bok, effective September 1, 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
  2. ^ HSPH Biostatistics Department Zelen Award page
  3. ^ "Lagakos Symposium profile for Marvin Zelen". Archived from the original on 2014-12-21. Retrieved 2014-11-22.
  4. ISBN 9781412961288
  5. ^ View/Search Fellows of the ASA Archived 2016-06-16 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 2016-07-23.
  6. ^ "'About' page, Frontier Science & Technology Research Foundation website". Archived from the original on 2015-04-14. Retrieved 2014-11-23.
  7. ^ "Awarded newly-established Lemuel Shattuck Research Professorship in Statistical Science, established and named by Harvard President Derek Bok, effective September 1, 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
  8. ^ Profile page for Mitchell H. Gail of the National Cancer Institute's Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, Biostatistics Branch
  9. ^ "Stephen Lagakos, international leader in biostatistics and AIDS research, dies," HSPH memorial news release for Stephen Lagakos, October 13, 2009
  10. ^ Dana-Farber/Harvard Center Center profile page for Richard D. Gelber
  11. Boston Globe
    Friday, November 17, 2014
  12. ^ 1996 announcement of the establishment of the Marvin Zelen Leadership Award in Statistical Science
  13. ^ Awards and Lectureships of the HSPH Department of Biostatistics
  14. ^ Awardees of the annual Marvin Zelen Leadership Award in Statistical Science
  15. ^ HSPH Biostatistics Department announcement of 2014 Zelen Award
  16. ^ "CV for Dr. Xiao-Li Meng" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-07. Retrieved 2014-11-22.
  17. ^ Esha Senchaudhuri, 2014 Zelen Award Honors Statistician and Educator, 2014, accessed 11/21/2014
  18. ^ "John Crowley honored with Zelen Leadership Award", SWOG announcement of Crowley's award, April 20-13, accessed 11/21/2014
  19. ^ Minibio of Jewell, The Third Joint Biostatistics Symposium, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, June 25-28, 2014Accessed 11/21/2014
  20. ^ COPSS, TABLE 1.4 Recipients of the R.A. Fisher Lectureship (cont’d), Past, Present, and Future of Statistical Science, CRC Press, page 15 (middle)
  21. ^ Parzen Prize Lecture to Feature World-Renowned Statisticians, May 12, 2008, Accessed 11/21/2014
  22. ^ Announcement of Parzen Prize
  23. ^ Conference Information, David W. Warne (Editor), International Society for Clinical Biostatistics, 2006 (December), Number 42, page 36 (top left corner of page)
  24. ^ "Frontier Science Foundation-Hellas (FSF-H) website announcement of the Lagakos Symposium, Athens". Archived from the original on 2014-12-21. Retrieved 2014-11-22.
  25. ^ "DFCI site for "Play the Winner" Symposium". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-11-23.
  26. ^ Esha Senchaudhuri, 2014 Zelen Award Honors Statistician and Educator, 2014, accessed 11/21/2014

External links

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