Medicago

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the plant genus. For the biotech company, see Medicago Inc. For other uses, see Medicago (disambiguation).

Medicago
Medicago littoralis
Medicago granadensis bur
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Clade: Inverted repeat-lacking clade
Tribe: Trifolieae
Genus: Medicago
L. (1753)
Type species
Medicago sativa

Species

87–105; see text.

Synonyms[1]
  • Cochleata Medik. (1787)
  • Crimaea Vassilcz. (1979)
  • Diploprion Viv. (1824)
  • Factorovskya Eig (1927)
  • Kamiella Vassilcz. (1979)
  • Lupularia (Serg.) Opiz (1852), nom. superfl.
  • Lupulina Noulet (1837), nom. superfl.
  • Medica Mill. (1754)
  • Medicula Medik. (1787)
  • Nephromedia Kostel. (1844)
  • Rhodusia Vassilcz. (1972)
  • Spirocarpus Opiz (1852)
  • Trifillum Medik. (1787)
  • Turukhania Vassilcz. (1979)
Anatomical diagram of Medicago flowers.

Medicago is a

triterpenoid saponin).[3] Chromosome numbers in Medicago range from 2n = 14 to 48.[6]

The species Medicago truncatula is a model legume[7] due to its relatively small stature, small genome (450–500 Mbp), short generation time (about 3 months), and ability to reproduce both by outcrossing and selfing.

Comprehensive descriptions of the genus are Lesinš and Lesinš 1979[8] and Small and Jomphe 1989.[9] Major collections are SARDI (Australia),[10] USDA-GRIN (United States),[11] ICARDA (Syria),[12] and INRA (France).[13]

Evolution

Medicago diverged from Glycine (soybean) about 53–55 million years ago (in the early Eocene),[14] from Lotus (deervetch) 49–51 million years ago (also in the Eocene),[14] and from Trigonella 10–22 million years ago (in the Miocene).[15]

Ecological interactions with other organisms

Symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia

Béna et al. (2005) constructed a molecular phylogeny of 23

Sinorhizobium strains and tested the symbiotic ability of six strains with 35 Medicago species.[16]
Comparison of these phylogenies indicates many transitions in the compatibility of the association over evolutionary time. Furthermore, they propose that the geographical distribution of strains limits the distribution of particular Medicago species.

Agricultural uses

Other than alfalfa, several of the creeping members of the family (such as Medicago lupulina and Medicago truncatula) have been used as forage crops.[citation needed]

Insect herbivores

Medicago species are used as food plants by the

flame, latticed heath, lime-speck pug, nutmeg, setaceous Hebrew character, and turnip moths and case-bearers of the genus Coleophora, including C. frischella (recorded on M. sativa) and C. fuscociliella (feeds exclusively on Medicago spp.).[citation needed
]

Species

This list is compiled from:[9][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]

Section Buceras

Subsection Deflexae

Subsection Erectae

Subsection Isthmocarpae

Subsection Reflexae

Section Carstiensae

Section Dendrotelis

Section Geocarpa

Section Heynianae

Section Hymenocarpos

Section Lunatae

Section Lupularia

Section Medicago

Section Orbiculares

Section Platycarpae

Subsection Rotatae

Section Spirocarpos

Subsection Intertextae

Subsection Leptospireae

Subsection Pachyspireae

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species is unresolved:[9]

  • Medicago agropyretorum Vassilcz.
  • Medicago alatavica Vassilcz.
  • Medicago caucasica Vassilcz.
  • Medicago cyrenaea Maire & Weiller
  • Medicago difalcata Sinskaya
  • Medicago grossheimii Vassilcz.
  • Medicago gunibica Vassilcz.
  • Medicago hemicoerulea Sinskaya
  • Medicago karatschaica (A. Heller) A. Heller
  • Medicago komarovii Vassilcz.
  • Medicago meyeri Gruner
  • Medicago polychroa Grossh.
  • Medicago schischkinii Sumnev.
  • Medicago talyschensis Latsch.
  • Medicago transoxana Vassilcz.
  • Medicago tunetana (Murb.) A.W. Hill
  • Medicago vardanis' Vassilcz.
  • Medicago virescens Grossh.

Recent

molecular phylogenic analyses of Medicago indicate that the sections and subsections defined by Small & Jomphe, as outlined above, are generally polyphyletic.[2][15][16][28][29][30][31][32] However, with minor revisions sections and subsections could be rendered monophyletic.[15][28][29][30][31][32]

Notes

  1. ^ Some sources treat Medicago citrina as a synonym of Medicago arborea.
  2. ^ The validity of Medicago sinskiae has been questioned by Small and Jomphe, 1988.[9]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Medicago.
Wikispecies has information related to Medicago.
  1. ^ a b Medicago L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  2. ^
    PMID 21616866
    .
  3. ^
    PMID 24481477
    .
  4. ^ "Alfalfa Crop Germplasm Committee Report, 2000". Archived from the original on 2009-05-05. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
  5. ^ New Oxford American Dictionary (2nd ed., 2005), p. 1054, s.v. medick.
  6. PMID 22186276
    .
  7. ^ "Medicago truncatula". Archived from the original on 29 December 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
  8. ISBN 978-90-6193-598-8
    .
  9. ^
    doi:10.1139/b89-405
    .
  10. ^ "SARDI". Archived from the original on 26 October 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
  11. ^ "GRIN National Genetic Resources Program". Archived from the original on 14 August 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
  12. ^ "ICARDA Sustainable Agriculture for the Dry Areas". Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
  13. ^ "INRA". Archived from the original on 31 July 2010. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
  14. ^
    ISBN 978-0-387-72298-6
    .
  15. ^
    PMID 18570039
    .
  16. ^
    S2CID 24813001
    .
  17. ^ "ILDIS LegumeWeb". Archived from the original on 1999-10-07. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  18. ^ "Genera Containing Currently Accepted Names: Medicago". Archived from the original on September 30, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  19. ^ "Species Nomenclature in GRIN". Archived from the original on 1999-05-01. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  20. ^ "IPNI Plant Name Query Results". Retrieved 2008-11-22.
  21. ^ "AgroAtlas - Relatives". Archived from the original on 2008-12-25. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
  22. ^ "ITIS". Archived from the original on 2016-06-06. Retrieved 2009-09-16. (enter Medicago as the search term)
  23. ^ "Discover Life". Archived from the original on 2011-06-12. Retrieved 2010-05-11.
  24. ^ eFloras
  25. ^ The Biota of North America Program[permanent dead link]
  26. ^ "The Plant List". Archived from the original on 2019-03-26. Retrieved 2011-06-27.
  27. doi:10.1139/b91-333
    .
  28. ^
    PMID 9684377
    .
  29. ^
    doi:10.1139/b98-047
    .
  30. ^
    PMID 9668004
    .
  31. ^
    S2CID 42887106
    .
  32. ^
    PMID 23417680
    .
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