Messier 94
moa[5] | |
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Other designations | |
NGC 4736, UGC 7996, PGC 43495[5] |
Messier 94 (also known as NGC 4736, Cat's Eye Galaxy, Crocodile Eye Galaxy, or Croc's Eye Galaxy and catalogued by Charles Messier two days later. Although some references describe M94 as a barred spiral galaxy, the "bar" structure appears to be more oval-shaped.[10] The galaxy has two ring structures.[5]
Structure
M94 is classified as having a
M94 has an inner ring with a diameter of 70
A 2009 study
There are several possible external events that could have led to the origin of M94's outer disk including the accretion of a satellite galaxy or the gravitational interaction with a nearby star system. However, further research found problems with each of these scenarios. Therefore, the report concludes that the inner disk of M94 is an oval distortion which led to the creation of this galaxy's peripheral disk.
In a paper published in 2004,
In 2008 a study was published
Location
At least two techniques have been used to measure distances to M94. The surface brightness fluctuations distance measurement technique estimates distances to spiral galaxies based on the graininess of the appearance of their bulges. The distance measured to M94 using this technique is 17.0 ± 1.4 Mly (5.2 ± 0.4 Mpc).[1] However, M94 is close enough that the Hubble Space Telescope can be used to resolve and measure the fluxes of the brightest individual stars within the galaxy. These measured fluxes can then be compared to the measured fluxes of similar stars within the Milky Way to measure the distance. The estimated distance to M94 using this technique is 15 ± 2 Mly (4.7 ± 0.6 Mpc).[2] Averaged together, these distance measurements give a distance estimate of 16.0 ± 1.3 Mly (4.9 ± 0.4 Mpc).
M94 is one of the brightest galaxies within the
See also
- List of Messier objects
- NGC 1512, a galaxy with a similar double ring.
- NGC 1167, another LINER galaxy.
References
- ^ a b
J. L. Tonry; A. Dressler; J. P. Blakeslee; E. A. Ajhar; et al. (2001). "The SBF Survey of Galaxy Distances. IV. SBF Magnitudes, Colors, and Distances". S2CID 17628238.
- ^ a b c
I. D. Karachentsev; M. E. Sharina; A. E. Dolphin; E. K. Grebel; et al. (2003). "Galaxy flow in the Canes Venatici I cloud". S2CID 6310283.
- ^ average(17.0 ± 1.4, 15 ± 2) = ((17.0 + 15) / 2) ± ((1.42 + 22)0.5 / 2) = 16.0 ± 1.3
- ISBN 978-0-933346-51-2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for M94. Retrieved 9 November 2006.
- ^ "Messier 94". SEDS Messier Catalog. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
- ^ "Messier 94: Cat's Eye Galaxy". Messier Objects. 15 August 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^ Anderson, Natali (19 October 2015). "Hubble Captures Stunning Image of Messier 94". Sci.News. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^
Kepple, George Robert; Glen W. Sanner (1998). The Night Sky Observer's Guide. Vol. 2. ISBN 978-0-943396-60-6.
- ^ a b
J. Kormendy; R. C. Kennicutt Jr. (2004). "Secular Evolution and the Formation of Pseudobulges in Disk Galaxies". S2CID 515479.
- ^
L. C. Ho; A. V. Filippenko; W. L. W. Sargent (1997). "A Search for "Dwarf" Seyfert Nuclei. III. Spectroscopic Parameters and Properties of the Host Galaxies". S2CID 17086638.
- ^
C. Muñoz-Tuñón; N. Caon; J. Aguerri; L. Alfonso (2004). "The Inner Ring of NGC 4736: Star Formation on a Resonant Pattern". doi:10.1086/380610.
- ^
I. Trujillo; I. Martinez-Valpuesta; D. Martinez-Delgado; J. Penarrubia; et al. (2009). "Unveiling the Nature of M94's (NGC4736) Outer Region: A Panchromatic Perspective". S2CID 16368604.
- ^
J. Jałocha; Ł. Bratek; M. Kutschera (2008). "Is Dark Matter Present in NGC 4736? An Iterative Spectral Method for Finding Mass Distribution in Spiral Galaxies". S2CID 3009937.
- ^ Battersby, Stephen (6 February 2008). "Galaxy without dark matter puzzles astronomers". New Scientist.
- ^
R. B. Tully (1988). Nearby Galaxies Catalog. ISBN 978-0-521-35299-4.
- ^
A. Garcia (1993). "General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups". Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.
- ^
G. Giuricin; C. Marinoni; L. Ceriani; A. Pisani (2000). "Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups". S2CID 9618325.
- doi:10.1086/159999.
- ^
I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". S2CID 119385141.