Messier 61

Coordinates: Sky map 12h 21m 54.9205s, +04° 28′ 25.631″
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
J2000 epoch)
ConstellationVirgo
Right ascension12h 21m 54.9205s[3]
Declination+04° 28′ 25.631″[3]
Redshift0.005224±0.000007[3]
Heliocentric radial velocity1566±2 km/s[3]
Galactocentric velocity1483±4 km/s[3]
Distance52.5 ± 2.3 Mly (16.10 ± 0.71 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)9.7[4]
Characteristics
TypeSAB(rs)bc,[3] HIISy2[3]
Size~92,300 ly (28.30 kpc) (estimated)[3]
Apparent size (V)6.5′ × 5.8′[3]
Other designations
HOLM 379A, IRAS 12194+0444, NGC 4303, UGC 7420, MCG +01-32-022, PGC 40001, CGCG 042-045[3]
References: SIMBAD: Search M61

M61 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.[6]

Properties

M61 is one of the largest members of Virgo Cluster, and belongs to a smaller subgroup known as the S Cloud.[7][8] The morphological classification of SAB(rs)bc[3] indicates a weakly-barred spiral (SAB) with the suggestion of a ring structure (rs) and moderate to loosely wound spiral arms.[9] It has an active galactic nucleus[10] and is classified as a starburst galaxy containing a massive nuclear star cluster with an estimated mass of 1 million solar masses (M☉) and an age of 4 million years,[11] as well as a central candidate supermassive black hole weighing around 5 million M☉.[12] It cohabits with an older massive star cluster as well as a likely older starburst.

neutral hydrogen (H I).[14]

Supernovae

Eight supernovae have been observed in M61, making it one of the most prodigious galaxies for such cataclysmic events.[15][16][5] These include:

  • M61 (with NGC 4301 in upper left) imaged by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory
    M61 (with NGC 4301 in upper left) imaged by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory
  • Spiral galaxy Messier 61 is aligned face-on towards Earth.[34]
    Spiral galaxy Messier 61 is aligned face-on towards Earth.[34]
  • Messier 61 image using data from Hubble's Wide Field Camera 2
    Messier 61 image using data from Hubble's Wide Field Camera 2
  • Amateur Image of Messier 61 Showing Supernova 2008in on April 16, 2009
    Amateur Image of Messier 61 Showing Supernova 2008in on April 16, 2009
  • Infrared image of M61 taken by the Spitzer Space Telescope
    Infrared image of M61 taken by the Spitzer Space Telescope
  • Messier 61 with SN2020jfo (Supernova) observed on May 15, 2020
    Messier 61 with SN2020jfo (Supernova) observed on May 15, 2020
  • M61 galaxy image that incorporates data from not only Hubble, but also the FORS camera at the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope
    M61 galaxy image that incorporates data from not only Hubble, but also the FORS camera at the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope

See also

  • List of Messier objects

References

  1. ^ Tschöke, D.; Hensler, G.; Junkes, N. (2000). "X-rays from the barred galaxy NGC 4303".
    Bibcode:2000A&A...360..447T
    .
  2. ^ "A hungry starburst galaxy". ESA/Hubble Picture of the Week. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Results for object MESSIER 061". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. NASA and Caltech. Retrieved 2006-11-18.
  4. ^ "Messier 61". SEDS Messier Catalog. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  5. ^ a b "Messier 61". Archived from the original on 2017-01-06. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
  6. ^ "The Virgo III Groups". Atlas of the Universe. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
  7. ^ "Galaxy On Line Database Milano Network (GOLDMine)". Archived from the original on 2012-06-03. Retrieved 2012-08-06.
  8. ^ "The Virgo Cluster". Retrieved 2013-04-06.
  9. ^ de Vaucouleurs, Gérard (April 1963). "Revised Classification of 1500 Bright Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 8: 31.
    doi:10.1086/190084
    .
  10. ^ Jiménez-Bailón, E.; Santos-Lleó, M.; Mas-Hesse, J. M.; Guainazzi, M.; Colina, L.; Cerviño, M.; González Delgado, Rosa M. (2003). "Nuclear Activity and Massive Star Formation in the Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 4303: Chandra X-Ray Observations".
    S2CID 12969809
    .
  11. ^
    hdl:10261/191615
    .
  12. S2CID 849621
    .
  13. ^ Koopmann, R.; Kenney, J. D. P. (2004). "Hα Morphologies and Environmental Effects in Virgo Cluster Spiral Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 613 (2): 866–885.
    S2CID 17519217
    .
  14. ^ Kenney, J. D.; Young, J. S. (1986). "CO in H I-deficient Virgo cluster spiral galaxies".
    doi:10.1086/184614
    .
  15. ^ Supernovae which have been observed in Messier catalog galaxies
  16. ^ "List of Supernovae". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Retrieved 2011-07-03.
  17. ^ "SN 1926A". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  18. ^ Stromgren, Elis (15 May 1926). "Circular No. 111". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Observatoire De Copenhague. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  19. ^ "SN 1961I". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  20. ^ Thernoe, K. A. (8 June 1961). "Circular No. 1761". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Observatory Copenhagen. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  21. doi:10.1086/127790
    .
  22. ^ "SN 1964F". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
  23. ^ Petersen, J. Otzen (3 July 1964). "Circular No. 1868". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Observatory Copenhagen. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  24. ^ "SN 1999gn". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
  25. Bibcode:1999IAUC.7335....1D
    .
  26. ^ "SN 2006ov". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
  27. Bibcode:2006IAUC.8781....2P
    .
  28. ^ "SN 2008in". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
  29. Bibcode:2008CBET.1636....1N
    .
  30. ^ "SN 2014dt". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
  31. Bibcode:2014CBET.4011....1N
    .
  32. ^ "SN 2020jfo". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
  33. S2CID 17688690
    .
  34. ^ "A portrait of a beauty". www.eso.org. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
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