Michael Francis Egan
Roman Catholic |
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Michael Francis Egan
Early life and priesthood
Michael Francis Egan was born in Ireland on September 29, 1761.
Egan advanced rapidly to positions of responsibility in the Franciscan order.
Priest in Pennsylvania
Accepting an invitation from the Catholics near
In 1803, Egan became one of the pastors of St. Mary's Church at Philadelphia.
Egan and the trustees of St. Mary's established a singing school in 1804, with the goal of improving the quality of the choir there.[15] The following year was consumed by another outbreak of yellow fever, and Egan joined John Rossiter, the pastor of another of Philadelphia's four Catholic churches, St. Joseph's, in ministering to the sick.[16] In 1806, they worked with the parishioners of a third church, Holy Trinity, to found an orphanage, as the problem of orphaned children had been made worse by the yellow fever deaths.[17]
Bishop of Philadelphia
Ordination
The Catholic population in the United States was growing, and Bishop John Carroll had for some time wished for his vast diocese to be divided into more manageable territories.[18] On April 8, 1808, Pope Pius VII granted Carroll's request, erecting four new sees in the United States and elevating Baltimore to an archdiocese. Among the new sees was the Diocese of Philadelphia, which included the states of Pennsylvania and Delaware as well as the western and southern parts of New Jersey.[18] Even before the diocese was created, Carroll had determined to recommend Egan for the post, writing to Rome that Egan "was truly pious, learned, religious, remarkable for his great humility, but deficient, perhaps, in firmness and without great experience in the direction of affairs".[19]
As a result of disruptions caused by the
Trusteeism dispute
Egan's elevation to the episcopate worsened an existing conflict in the American church: the dispute over
Egan's own research into the issue showed that the trustees had conveyed St. Mary's Church to the previous pastor, Robert Harding, and then to his heirs, but the trustees did not consider that property transfer to have extinguished their role in the church's leadership.[25] By 1811, Egan's worsening health caused him to accept the assistance of two priests at St. Mary's, James Harold and his nephew, William Vincent Harold.[25] Egan and the trustees became further embroiled in a dispute about clerical salaries, a situation possibly made worse by the decline in shipping income in the port city caused by the outbreak of the War of 1812.[26] Egan also came to believe the Harolds were making the situation worse by taking pro-clergy positions that were more extreme than Egan's own and by the younger Harold's scheming to be named Egan's coadjutor bishop.[27] He appealed to the trustees for compromise, and offered to bring his cousin (also a priest) over from Ireland to replace the elder Harold.[27] By 1813, Egan and the trustees had reconciled and together resolved to remove the Harolds, who agreed to resign later that year and relocate to England.[28]
Death and burial
Although the main complaints between bishop and trustees were resolved, some salary disputes lingered into 1813.[29] The conditions at St. Mary's worsened in 1814 with the election of new trustees who were more in conflict with Egan than the previous ones.[30] Elsewhere in the diocese, Egan was more successful. In about 1811, he made his most extensive visitation of his diocese, travelling as far west as Pittsburgh after stopping in Lancaster and Conewago.[31] He continued to raise funds for the Catholic orphanage and opened a new parish, Sacred Heart, in Trenton, New Jersey, in 1813, which brought the total number of churches in the diocese to 16.[24][32]
Egan's health continued to decline, and he died on July 22, 1814.
Notes
- ^ Although three bishops are typically required for ordination, the Pope may issue a dispensation when co-consecrators are unavailable. See Canon 1014.
References
- ^ a b c d e f Friend 2010.
- ^ a b c Bransom 1990, p. 12.
- ^ Griffin 1893, pp. 3–4.
- ^ Ennis 1976, pp. 63–64.
- ^ a b Ennis 1976, p. 64.
- ^ a b c Loughlin 1909.
- ^ a b c Griffin 1893, p. 4.
- ^ Griffin 1893, p. 5.
- ^ a b Griffin 1893, pp. 6–8.
- ^ Griffin 1893, p. 9.
- ^ Griffin 1893, p. 11.
- ^ a b c Ennis 1976, p. 66.
- ^ Griffin 1893, pp. 12–13.
- ^ a b Ennis 1976, p. 67.
- ^ Griffin 1893, pp. 17–19.
- ^ Griffin 1893, pp. 20–22.
- ^ Griffin 1893, pp. 22–23.
- ^ a b Shea 1888, pp. 617–622.
- ^ Griffin 1893, pp. 23–24.
- ^ Kurjack 1953, p. 207.
- ^ Carey 1978, pp. 357–358.
- ^ Carey 1978, p. 361.
- ^ Griffin 1893, p. 58.
- ^ a b Ennis 1976, p. 70.
- ^ a b Griffin 1893, pp. 54–56.
- ^ Ennis 1976, p. 68.
- ^ a b Griffin 1893, pp. 68–70, 79.
- ^ Griffin 1893, pp. 74–82.
- ^ Griffin 1893, pp. 87–96.
- ^ Griffin 1893, pp. 103–107.
- ^ Ennis 1976, p. 69.
- ^ Griffin 1893, pp. 97–99.
- ^ a b Shea 1888, p. 661.
- ^ Griffin 1893, p. 112.
- ^ Griffin 1893, pp. 126–127.
Sources
Books
- Bransom, Charles N. (1990). Ordinations of U.S. Catholic Bishops, 1790–1989. Washington, D.C.: United States Catholic Conference. ISBN 978-1-55586-323-4.
- Ennis, Arthur J. (1976). "Chapter Two: The New Diocese". In Connelly, James F. (ed.). The History of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Wynnewood, Pennsylvania: Unigraphics Incorporated. pp. 63–112. OCLC 4192313.
- OCLC 7637383.
- Loughlin, James (1909). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
- Shea, John Gilmary (1888). History of the Catholic Church in the United States. Vol. 2. Akron, Ohio: D.H. McBride & Co. OCLC 3211384.
Articles
- Carey, Patrick (July 1978). "The Laity's Understanding of the Trustee System, 1785–1855". The Catholic Historical Review. 64 (3): 357–376. JSTOR 25020365.
- Friend, Christine (February 2010). "Philadelphia's First Bishop". Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center.
- Kurjack, Dennis C. (1953). "St. Joseph's and St. Mary's Churches". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 43 (1): 199–209. JSTOR 1005672.