Monarch Airlines
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Founded | 5 June 1967 | ||||||
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Commenced operations | 5 April 1968 | ||||||
Ceased operations | 2 October 2017[2] | ||||||
AOC # | 365 | ||||||
Operating bases | |||||||
Parent company | Monarch Airlines Holdings | ||||||
Headquarters | Luton, United Kingdom | ||||||
Key people |
| ||||||
Employees | 2,300 (at closure) |
Monarch Airlines, simply known as Monarch, was a British
When Monarch entered administration in 2017, it was the biggest airline collapse in UK history up to that point, leaving nearly 100,000 passengers and holidaymakers stranded.[5] However, on 23 September 2019, Thomas Cook also collapsed, leaving 150,000 people stranded, and went on to become the largest UK airline ever to collapse. [6] The airline held a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) Type A Operating Licence. This licence allowed Monarch to carry passengers, cargo, and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats.[7][8]
History
1960s
On 5 June 1967, Monarch Airlines was established by a pair of British businesspeople, Bill Hodgson and Don Peacock, both of whom had previously been directors at the airline British Eagle.[9] Unlike typical airlines at the time, Monarch was founded with the express intent of conveying British holidaymakers to tourism hotspots and desirable getaway destinations throughout Europe. Particularly at a time when air travel was traditionally feasible only to the rich, Monarch took another unusual step. The airline's ambition was to promote the service towards the demands and needs of the average family, rather than it being marketed solely for wealthier clients.[9]
The business was operated as a subsidiary of Globus Getaway Holdings and received financial backing from the
The airline's initial fleet comprised a pair of Bristol Britannias (both ex-Caledonian Airways) serviced in a single hangar at Luton.[11][9] During 1969, the firm's second year of operation, Monarch was able to acquire additional Britannias from the administrators of troubled airline British Eagle.[17] Shortly after, the airliner reached a milestone in the form of 250,000 passengers carried within a 12-month period, which at that point was operating an expanded fleet of six Britannias.[18]
1970s
During 1971, Monarch entered the
By the 1970s, there was a strong demand amongst the wider British population for the package holiday format, to which Monarch was able to capitalise upon greatly.[9] During 1972, the airline recorded having carried 500,000 passengers with the space of a single year for the first time.[18] However, during the 1970s energy crisis, in which the price of oil spiked dramatically, many airlines experienced periods of considerable financial hardship. One of Monarch's rivals in the package holiday sector, Court Line, was forced into receivership. While the company took on several former staff from Court Line, Monarch itself was not immune to these difficulties either.[9]
By 1976, Monarch had transitioned to an all-jet fleet, following the sale of the airline's last Britannia to Greek cargo charter airline Afrek on 21 May of that year.[a][22][23] Two years earlier, the airline had retired its last passenger-configured Britannia, which operated the type's final commercial passenger flight in Europe on 9 October 1974.[24][25] The changeover to an all-jet fleet was brought about as a result of (first) the acquisition of a further two second-hand Boeing 720Bs, as well as (second) the addition of a pair of BAC One-Eleven 500s, sourced from (first) British Caledonian and (second) the administrators of the failed Court Line respectively.[22][26][27]
1980s
At the end of 1980, Monarch Airlines took delivery of its first new jet aircraft, a pair of
During 1981, new stations opened at Gatwick,
During spring 1985, the
During 1986, Monarch acquired their first
On 1 May 1988, Monarch operated the first ETOPS Transatlantic operation under CAA regulations. The Boeing 757-200ER G-MONJ operated Luton to Orlando via Gander with 235 passengers. This operation became the first British-operated twin-jet ever to cross the North Atlantic with passengers. Since then, this feat has become commonplace for North Atlantic crossings. That same year, Monarch Airlines reached another milestone; the firm carried more than two million passengers within a year.[18]
1990s
In 1990, Monarch introduced the
After 1995, Monarch came under increasing pressure from newly formed
During May 1997, Monarch Airlines launched a new scheduled route between
During 1998, Monarch Airlines leased a pair of McDonnell Douglas MD-11 wide-body aircraft from American airline World Airways for its long-haul operations. This lease was interim for the delivery of a pair of new Airbus A330-200 wide-body aircraft. Following the arrival of the A330 in 1999,[42][43][44] Monarch opted to return the leased MD-11s to World Airways.[18][45] The adoption of the A330 wide-bodies permitted Monarch to serve long-haul charter destinations with a two class seating configuration, which was another first for the airline.[18][44]
2000s
During 2002, Monarch retired the sole McDonnell Douglas DC-10 from service and donated it to the Manchester Airport Aviation Viewing Park. That same year, Monarch also unveiled a brand-new livery – the airline's fourth. Also, the company rebranded its Monarch Crown Service scheduled division as Monarch Scheduled.[18] Monarch Scheduled continued to offer a full-service product, including free catering, bar service, hot towels, newspapers and in-flight entertainment (IFE).
During 2003, Monarch Scheduled announced that it would open a new base at Gatwick Airport. On 1 May 2003, this base opened, initially offering services to Alicante, Faro and Málaga.[46] On 15 December 2004, Monarch Scheduled announced that it would open a new base at Birmingham Airport. The station opened in April 2005 with new routes to Málaga and Tenerife.[47]
In 2004, following the success of the low-fares, no-frills airlines such as easyJet, Monarch decided to adopt a modified low-cost model, featuring additional charges for food and drink. In 2005 (until 2010), Monarch leased a Boeing 767-300ER from MyTravel Airways (which then became Thomas Cook Airlines) to expand its long-haul fleet.
During November 2005, Monarch opened a base in
To operate scheduled services from Manchester, an Airbus A321 was acquired. Monarch became the airport's second-largest passenger airline in 2005 with 1.72m passengers using its services from/to the airport.[50] Monarch's total passenger numbers increased from 4.55m in 2002[51] to 6.5m in 2008.[52]
In August 2006, Monarch ordered six Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner widebodied jets, primarily for use on long-haul routes. Delivery was planned to start in 2010; however, delays to the 787 project pushed back delivery to 2013,[53][54] and in September 2011, the airline announced the cancellation of the order, citing its strategic decision to concentrate on its short-/medium-haul operations.[55][56]
On 27 April 2007, Monarch Airlines started flights to Ibiza partnered with club brand
In October 2007, Monarch became the first airline in Europe to accept PayPal as a flight payment option on its website.[57]
During 2008, Monarch changed the name of its website from flymonarch.com to monarch.co.uk. It also changed its advertising slogan to "The Low Fare Airline That Cares".[58]
During 2008, Monarch provided the aircraft, an Airbus A321, to launch the ITV2 television programme CelebAir. Celebrities were trained and took on duties performed by airline staff, such as cabin crew. The destinations to which CelebAir flew were mainly Monarch's scheduled destinations, including Málaga, Alicante, Tenerife, Faro, Ibiza, Mahón and Larnaca. These flights carried fare-paying passengers. The programme first aired on 2 September 2008. The programme has now finished with Lisa Maffia winning the series, Amy Lamé finishing second and Chico Slimani finishing third.
2010 to 2014
After many years of operating profitably, Monarch Group, the
Monarch abolished all debit card charges in favour of a single £10 flat rate applied to credit card transactions. This change was a bid to increase the airliner's attractiveness as a viable alternative to EasyJet and Ryanair, its main low-cost competitors. To highlight these differences as additional selling points, Monarch introduced the advertising slogan Fly Your Way Every Day. Monarch also introduced a rebrand incorporating the airline's old capital "M" and crown, as well as the airline's fifth livery.[60]
Although Monarch made a £1.4m profit in 2010, it reported a £45m loss in the financial year ending 31 October 2011. This loss was a result of high jet fuel prices against the backdrop of a stagnant economy, as well as political turmoil in the Middle East. Higher fuel prices increased the airline's annual fuel bill by £50m.
On 3 November 2011, Monarch received a £75m rescue package for the airline. Monarch also announced a launch of 14 additional routes serving new destinations in Italy, Croatia and Greece from their bases. The new flights commenced at the start of the 2012 summer season. Monarch also received two Airbus A320 aircraft to support the increased level of activity. The addition of these aircraft was the first stage of a medium-term plan to increase the fleet size to 40 aircraft in support of the airline's goal to carry 10 million passengers annually. Growing the fleet to increase passenger numbers was supposed to allow the airline to spread its fixed costs over a higher output level, resulting in greater economies of scale.[62][63][64]
On 3 May 2012, Monarch announced that they were to open a new base at
On 1 July 2013, Monarch announced an order for a further two Airbus A321s. The aircraft was due to be delivered in April and May 2015, but it changed to just a single A320 in April 2015. On 12 December 2013, Monarch announced that Monarch Airlines had returned to profit in the year ending October 2013 and that passenger numbers were up 9.5% to 7 million and in line to carry more than 10 million by 2016. In the same announcement, Monarch confirmed that it planned to order 60 new aircraft in an order worth $6 Billion for delivery up to 2024 and would announce the successful tender in Q1 of 2014 from either Airbus/Boeing and Bombardier.
In July 2014 the airline announced that it had selected Boeing, with the 737MAX, as the preferred bidder for 30 new aircraft.[68] Monarch confirmed the order in October 2014, with deliveries due to take place from Q2 of 2018.[69]
2014 to 2017: troubles and end of operations
In August 2014, Monarch announced it was undergoing a strategic review of the company which would involve cost reduction initiatives.[70] As part of the plan, Monarch announced the closure of their East Midlands base on 14 August 2014.[71] The company also embarked on a heavy redundancy exercise and reduction of payroll mainly aimed at onboard cabin management in preparation for the company sale in October 2014.
On 24 October 2014, Monarch Holdings was acquired from the
Following the downsize in operations, Monarch Airlines carried 5.7 million passengers during 2015, a 19% reduction compared with 2014.
On 25 September 2016, online rumours surfaced about Monarch Airlines' imminent bankruptcy, which the airline strongly denied.
In September 2017, reports emerged of Monarch facing difficulties over its license, as had happened in the previous year. On Saturday 30 September 2017, the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) extended Monarch's licence for 24 hours due to financial issues.[83] Once again the Civil Aviation Authority had commenced commandeering spare planes from other airlines which included ten planes from Qatar Airways.[84] Furthermore, although Monarch had received an extension to its license, it tripled fares. These price increases showed a deliberate attempt to effectively price itself out of the market and reduce exposure to any claims.[85]
During the late evening on 1 October 2017, the airline cancelled late-night flights to Ibiza at the boarding stage as the deadline for its licence loomed.
A total of 38 aircraft from 15 European, Middle Eastern, and Canadian operators, including Qatar Airways (10 aircraft), Titan Airways (five aircraft), Air Transat (four aircraft), Freebird Airlines and Wamos Air (three aircraft each), and smaller numbers from other airlines and charter operators, were chartered to repatriate British citizens from abroad. The aircraft used for the operation ranged in size from a Boeing 737-300 to a Boeing 747-400.[89][90] In total, the operation cost £60 million, funded by the Air Travel Trust Fund which in turn is funded by an airline and passenger levy.[91][92] The operation was the UK's biggest ever post-war repatriation at the time. Two years later, Thomas Cook made an even bigger collapse.[6]
Monarch was also the largest airline ever to have ceased trading in the UK until the collapse of Thomas Cook in 2019. The causal factors of Monarch's demise were various. First, vicious competition and excess capacity on routes to southern Europe from other low-cost rivals must have played a part in this scenario. Second, travel fears resulting from terrorism in North Africa and also around Europe such as the
In April 2021, Monarch Airlines was dissolved after moving out of administration.[93]
Cabin and services
As Monarch positioned itself as a low-cost carrier, the airline offered several services for an optional extra fee. This included options such as hold luggage, increased luggage allowance, allocated seating, priority services and in-flight catering.[94]
Cabin
Monarch's aircraft operated in an all-economy layout. Several extra space seats were located towards the front of the cabin and adjacent to exit doors.
In-flight entertainment
Monarch provided an in-flight magazine named Passport.[95] Its contents included travel guides, a map of Monarch's destinations, interviews and company news.
In-flight catering and retail
Monarch offered food and drink available to purchase on board all flights. The menu included a range of hot and cold food items as well as hot and cold drinks, alcoholic beverages and soft drinks.
A range of onboard tax-free/duty-free goods was available to purchase from the Love to Shop inflight magazine.[96]
Vantage Club loyalty scheme
Monarch operated a loyalty scheme named Vantage Club. It rewarded regular customers travelling with the airline with additional travel privileges and benefits. There were three membership tier levels - Indigo, Silver and Gold.[97]
Corporate affairs
At the time of closure Monarch's head office, along with that of Monarch Group, was in Prospect House, on the grounds of
Ownership and structure
Monarch Airlines was part of the Monarch Group, of which the holding company was Monarch Holdings Ltd., which is 90% owned by Greybull Capital. The group's pension fund holds the remaining 10%.[72]
Other subsidiaries of the Monarch Group include
Business trends
Operational activities over recent years, broken down between scheduled and charter flights, were:
Year | Scheduled | Charter | All services | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total passengers | Total flights | Load factor | Passenger change YoY | Total passengers | Total flights | Load factor | Passenger change YoY | Total passengers | Total flights | Load factor | Passenger change YoY | |
2005 | 2,558,218 | 16,473 | 74.1% | 2,794,378 | 12,773 | 87.7% | 5,352,596 | 29,246 | 82.5% | |||
2006 | 3,134,230 | 19,834 | 76.2% | 22.5% | 2,654,004 | 12,422 | 86.3% | 5.0% | 5,788,234 | 32,256 | 82.0% | 8.1% |
2007 | 3,625,732 | 22,443 | 78.9% | 15.7% | 2,521,233 | 11,849 | 85.9% | 5.0% | 6,146,965 | 34,292 | 82.6% | 6.2% |
2008 | 3,870,298 | 23,158 | 81.0% | 6.7% | 2,630,528 | 12,449 | 86.1% | 4.3% | 6,500,826 | 35,607 | 83.6% | 5.8% |
2009 | 3,668,528 | 21,581 | 81.3% | 5.2% | 2,453,557 | 12,598 | 85.8% | 6.7% | 6,122,085 | 34,179 | 83.6% | 5.8% |
2010 | 3,691,355 | 20,640 | 84.6% | 0.6% | 2,103,347 | 10,576 | 85.9% | 14.3% | 5,794,702 | 31,216 | 85.2% | 5.3% |
2011 | 4,541,172 | 24,468 | 85.6% | 23.0% | 1,391,291 | 7,660 | 80.9% | 33.9% | 5,932,463 | 32,128 | 84.1% | 2.4% |
2012 | 5,355,252 | 29,112 | 87.7% | 17.9% | 943,935 | 6,416 | 79.0% | 32.2% | 6,299,187 | 35,528 | 85.6% | 6.2% |
2013 | 6,032,879 | 33,916 | 86.0% | 12.7% | 788,789 | 4,505 | 80.6% | 16.4% | 6,821,668 | 38,421 | 85.1% | 8.3% |
2014 | 6,269,624 | 37,806 | 81.8% | 3.9% | 757,956 | 4,537 | 77.1% | 3.9% | 7,027,580 | 42,343 | 81.1% | 3.0% |
2015 | 5,496,455 | 33,409 | 82.7% | 12.3% | 226,780 | 1,387 | 70.7% | 70.0% | 5,723,235 | 34,796 | 82.3% | 18.6% |
2016 | — | 5,434,081 | 35,619 | 75.9% | 5.0% | |||||||
2017 | — | 3,403,637 | 21,133 | 80.5% | 37.4% | |||||||
Source: UK Civil Aviation Authority[75]
|
Fleet
Fleet at closure
At the time of closure, the Monarch Airlines fleet consisted of the following aircraft:
Aircraft | In service | Orders | Passengers | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Airbus A320-200
|
9 | — | 174[103] | Planned to be replaced by Boeing 737 MAX.[104] |
Airbus A321-200
|
25 | — | 214[105] | Planned to be replaced by Boeing 737 MAX.[104] Four Airbus A321-200 aircraft were purchased by and delivered to Thomas Cook Airlines in 2018 and the rest was sold to other airlines by 2018. Launch customer |
Boeing 737-800
|
1 | — | 186[106] | Leased from Pegasus Airlines.[107] |
Boeing 737 MAX 8
|
— | 45 | — | Was planned to be delivered from Q2 2018.[69][108] |
Total | 35 | 45 |
Historical fleet
Monarch had operated the following aircraft in its history:
Aircraft | Total | Period of operation | |
---|---|---|---|
Airbus A300-600R
|
4 | 1991 – 2014 | |
Airbus A330-200 | 2 | 1999 - 2015 | These two aircraft were later used by the CAA, leased from Wamos for the repatriation flights in October 2017. |
BAC One-Eleven 500 | 3 | 1974 – 1986 | |
Boeing 707-120B | 4 | 1978 – 1981 | |
Boeing 707-320C | 1 | 1981 | |
Boeing 720B | 7 | 1971 – 1983 | |
Boeing 737-200 | 6 | 1981 – 1987 | |
Boeing 737-300 | 12 | 1988–1997 | Replaced by Airbus A320-200s and Airbus A321-200s |
Boeing 757-200 | 11 | 1983 – 2015 | |
Boeing 767-300ER | 1 | 2005 – 2010 | G-DIMB leased from MyTravel Airways for five years |
Bristol Britannia 300 | 8 | 1967 – 1976 | One preserved by Duxford Aviation Society at Imperial War Museum Duxford |
McDonnell Douglas DC-10 | 1 | 1996 – 2002 | Nose and forward fuselage section preserved at Manchester Airport Viewing Park |
McDonnell Douglas MD-11 | 1 | August 1998 - November 1998 | Leased from World Airways - Registered N273WA from 14 May to 14 August 1998 & N277WA from 14 August to 3 November 1998 |
Awards
- FlightOnTime.info Most Improved UK Charter Airline for Punctuality – Summer 2007[109]
- Travel Trade Gazette Airline of the Year – Leisure 2006 and 2007[110]
- TravelWeekly Globe Travel Awards – Best Charter Airline 2009,[111] 2010[112] and 2011[113]
- World's greenest airline ITB Berlin travel show – The number 1 greenest airline 2011[114]
- TravelMole Best Airline Website 2012[115]
Accidents and incidents
- During January 1985, a Boeing 757 flying Monarch Flight 390 from Tenerife to Luton suffered two mid-flight explosions. Soon after, the aircraft lost electrical power, and smoke began filling the cabin, leading to an emergency landing in Portugal. The cause was leaking lavatory fluid which had come into contact with electrical wiring, resulting in severe electrical arcing. This event created smoke and power surges and caused the aircraft's electronic flight interfaces to fail and blank out. It was the first known British-operated aircraft to suffer a severe Kapton-related problem.[116]
- On 22 May 2002, a Boeing 757-200 (Registration G-MONC) suffered structural damage to the forward
- On 17 March 2006, the flight deck crew of a Boeing 757-200 (Registration G-MONE) lost visual contact with the airfield, is 1,420 ft.) Following the incident, ATC and Monarch Airlines changed their procedures to reduce the chances of repeating a similar occurrence.[118]
See also
References
Notes
- ^ The same aircraft was re-purchased in 1984 and, subsequent to its overhaul at Luton, sold on to Cuban operator Aero Caribbean.
Citations
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- ^ "Monarch Airlines has ceased trading". CAA. Civil Aviation Authority. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
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- ^ "Contact Us – Press Office." Monarch Airlines, Retrieved: 6 November 2010.
- ^ "Monarch goes into administration, Sky news".
- ^ a b c R.C. (2 October 2017). "Monarch Airlines goes into administration". The Economist.
- Civil Aviation Authority. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
- ^ "UK Aeroplane and Helicopter AOC Holders (D-M)". Civil Aviation Authority. 12 October 2016. Archived from the original on 24 October 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Hooker, Lucy. "Monarch's rise and fall charts British holiday trends." BBC News, 3 October 2017.
- ^ Flight International 11 April 1968, p. 543.
- ^ a b c Maslen Airliner World July 2008, p. 33.
- ^ Brown Eager to See Monarch Reigning.[permanent dead link] Travel Trade Gazette Archive issue, 16 February 2007.
- ^ Maslen Airliner World July 2008, p. 32.
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- ^ Flying the nation for 40 years! Were you one of our first passengers? Monarch Airlines, 3 March 2008.
- ^ Flight International 10 April 1969, p. 583.
- ^ a b Hales-Dutton Air International February 2010, p. 48.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "History". Monarch Airlines. Archived from the original on 24 December 2007. Retrieved 15 December 2007.
- ^ "Monarch's First Jet". Flight International. Vol. 100, no. 3265. 7 October 1971. p. 564.
- ^ "Jet Monarch". Flight International. Vol. 100, no. 3273. 2 December 1971. p. 890.
- ^ Stroud Flight International 18 May 1972, Supplement p. 33.
- ^ a b Stroud Flight International 9 April 1977, p. 969.
- ^ "RAF Britannia Fleet – XM496 Regulus". The Bristol Britannia XM496 Preservation Society. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ photo caption Flight International, 17 October 1974, p. 515
- ^ "Bristol Aeroplane Company – Bristol Type 175 Britannia". flightline. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ Stroud, Michael (20 March 1975). "World Airline Directory: Monarch Airlines Ltd". Flight International. Vol. 108, no. 3445. p. 494.
- ^ Stroud, Michael (10 April 1976). "World Airline Directory 1976". Flight International. p. 945.
- ^ a b "World Airline Directory 1981". Flight International. March 1981.
- ^ a b "New operators for Boeing 737", Flight International, 18 October 1980, p. 1493
- ^ a b Berlin Airport Company, April 1981 Monthly Timetable Booklet for Berlin Tempelhof and Berlin Tegel Airports, Berlin Airport Company, West Berlin, 1981
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- ^ Berlin Airport Company, November 1989 Monthly Timetable Booklet for Berlin Tempelhof and Berlin Tegel Airports, Berlin Airport Company, West Berlin, 1989.
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- Gibraltar Airport, Retrieved: 27 October 2017.
- ^ Tisdall, Nigel. "Tenerife: The parts lager doesn't reach." Telegraph, 1 May 1999.
- ^ "1999 - 3426 - Flight Archive". Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ "Long-range workout, Monarch – long haul charters", Flight International, 17–23 November 1999, p. 44
- ^ a b "Long-range workout, Monarch long haul charters", Flight International, 17–23 November 1999, p. 45.
- ^ "World Airline Directory 1999". Flight International. March 1999.
- ^ "Monarch Scheduled arrives at London Gatwick". 17 April 2003. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ "2008 News Archive – Flights – Monarch Scheduled launches new Birmingham base and adds Madrid and Almeria from Manchester". 15 December 2004. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ "Flight News: New Monarch flights to Malaga". flightmapping.com. 21 July 2005. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ "Flight News: Monarch axes Malaga flights from Aberdeen". flightmapping.com. 27 July 2007. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ "Traffic Statistics Report 2005". Manchester Airport Plc. June 2006. pp. 11, 16.
- ^ "Airline annual data 2002 - All services" (PDF). UK Civil Aviation Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ "Data and analysis - UK Civil Aviation Authority". Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ "787". Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ Hales-Dutton Air International February 2010, p. 46.
- ^ "Monarch cancels Dreamliner order". Archived from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ "UK's Monarch Airlines cancels entire 787 order". Flightglobal. 6 September 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ "Which Airlines Accept Paypal Payments for Flights?". AirTravelGenius.com. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
- ^ "Archive Archives - Monarch Blog". Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ The Sunday Times (Business: Swiss billionaires bail out ailing Monarch – again), Times Newspapers Ltd, London, 30 October 2011
- ^ a b "Business: Monarch's bright future with sunshine flights". Manchester Evening News. 2 June 2011. Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ "2011 News – Flights – Monarch launches a host of new flights in May!". 28 April 2011. Archived from the original on 3 August 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
- ^ a b "Monarch to increase fleet after cash injection from owners". TTG Digital. 3 November 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ^ The Times (Business: Monarch makes a soft landing after £45m loss), Times Newspapers Ltd, London, 4 November 2011
- ^ "Economies of Scale and Scope – 2 (Where do Scale Economies come from?)" (PDF). Indivisibilities and the Spreading of Fixed Costs. John Wiley & Sons. 17 March 2009. p. 45. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
- ^ "Airlines swoop to plug gap left by bmibaby". Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ "Monarch Airlines launch new scheduled flights from Leeds Bradford International Airport". Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
- ^ "Archive Archives - Monarch Blog". Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ "Monarch Airlines selects Boeing as preferred bidder for Fleet Replacement" Archived 8 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine boeing.co.uk July 2014
- ^ a b "monarch finalizes order for boeing-737-max-8s" Archived 17 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine monarch.co.uk
- ^ Monarch Confirms Strategic Review
- ^ "Monarch to stop flying from East Midlands airport". Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ a b "Raft of UK firms jump aboard Monarch's bumper restructuring deal - The Lawyer - Legal News and Jobs - Advancing the business of law". 28 October 2014. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ Monarch Under New Ownership Aviation News December 2014 page 7
- ^ "Monarch Sold". Airliner World: 8. December 2014.
- ^ a b "UK Airline Data". UK Civil Aviation Authority. 1 June 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ a b "Monarch holidays protection extended". BBC News. 30 September 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
- ^ "Monarch airlines says flights operating as normal". BBC News. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
- ^ "Monarch Airlines denies rumours of financial trouble". Press Association. Guardian (UK). Retrieved 26 September 2016.
- ^ Monarch Shadow Airline 2016
- ^ Monaghan, Angela. "Monarch Airlines receives £165m lifeline to keep flying". Guardian. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
- ^ "Boeing helped finance bailout of Monarch Airlines". Financial Times. 8 October 2017. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ Boeing Injects £165 Million
- ^ "Monarch awaits holiday licence decision". BBC News. 2 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
- ^ Isaac, Anna (1 October 2017). "Monarch Airlines' future uncertain as 'plans drawn up to rescue 100,000 passengers'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ^ Monaghan, Angela (30 September 2017). "Monarch's future hanging in the balance as midnight deadline looms". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ^ "Monarch Flights CAncelled as ATOL Deadline Looms". Archived from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
- ^ "Monarch 3785 - Monday 2 October 2017". flightaware.com. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
- ^ "UK Civil Aviation Authority". caa.co.uk. Retrieved 2 October 2017.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Topham, Gwyn (2 October 2017). "Monarch Airlines collapse: UK's biggest peacetime repatriation under way". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
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- ^ "Monarch Passport Magazine". Archived from the original on 27 September 2013.
- ^ "Monarch Love To Shop magazine". Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Head and Divisional Offices". Monarch Group. 8 March 2013. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
The Monarch Group and Monarch Airlines Prospect House Prospect Way London Luton Airport Luton Bedfordshire LU2 9NU UK
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Website Terms of Use - Monarch". Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ Dron, Alan (3 October 2017). "Monarch's engineering arm continues as standalone operation". ATWOnline. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
- ^ Monarch Aircraft Engineering Collapses
- ^ "Airbus A320-200 Seat Map". monarch.co.uk. Monarch Airlines. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
- ^ a b "Boeing: Monarch Airlines Finalizes Order for 30 737 MAX 8s". www.boeing.com. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
- ^ "Airbus A321-200 Seat Map". monarch.co.uk. Monarch Airlines. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
- ^ "Monarch outlines S17 Boeing 737 operations". Retrieved 2 October 2017.
- ^ "Monarch starts 737 changeover - Airliners.net". www.airliners.net. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
- ^ "Boeing, Monarch Announce 737 MAX Services Agreements and New Engineering Joint Venture Partnership". Monarch Blog. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
- ^ "Summer 2007 UK Charter Airline Delays & Punctuality". FlightOnTime.info. Archived from the original on 11 September 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
- ^ "achievements / awards". monarch.co.uk. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
- ^ "Awards #1". Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ "Awards #2". Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ "Archive Archives - Monarch Blog". Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ "Travel – News & Advice: World's greenest airlines unveiled". The Independent. 10 March 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
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