Monic languages

Monic
Geographic distribution	Old Mon
Subdivisions	Mon Nyah Kur
Glottolog	moni1258
Monic

The Monic

after the 11th century Khmer conquest of Dvaravati.

Classification

(1984).

Proto-language

Proto-Monic
Reconstruction of	Monic languages
Reconstructed ancestor	Proto-Austroasiatic
Lower-order reconstructions	Proto-Nyah Kur Proto-Mon

Selected animal and plant names in Proto-Monic, Proto-Nyah Kur, and Proto-Mon (Diffloth 1984):^[1]

Mammals

species	Proto-Monic	Proto-Nyah Kur	Proto-Mon
Tupaia sp.	*[c/s]naaʔ	*ɕhna̱aʔ
Panthera tigris corbetti	*klaaʔ	*khla̱aʔ	*kla̱ʔ
Lutra lutra nair	*phɛɛʔ	*phɛ̱ɛʔ	*phɛ̱ʔ
Bos gaurus readei	*kndiiŋ	*kənti̤iɲ	*kəlɤ̱i̯ɲ
Rusa unicolor equinus	*tɓuŋ	*thbu̱ŋ	*ɓɒ̱ɨ̯ŋ
Cervus eldi siamensis	*[r]maŋ	*ləma̤ŋ	*mɛ̤a̯ŋ
Muntiacus feae	*pas	*pa̱j̊	*pɔ̱h
Hystrix hodgsoni	*lmliəŋ	*ləmli̤aŋ	*pəli̤ə̯ŋ
Ursus thibetanus	*kmu̱m	*khmu̱m	*[k]hmi̱m

Birds

species	Proto-Monic	Proto-Nyah Kur	Proto-Mon
Corvus splendens	*klʔaak	*kəlʔa̱ak	*həɗa̱i̯c
Caprimulgus macrurus	*klwaaʔ	*kəwa̱aʔ	*kəwa̱ʔ
Caprimulgus macrurus ?	*ʔ[m]blak	*bla̱k	*ʔəplɛ̤a̯k
Spizaetus sp.	*liŋ-liəŋ	*liŋ-li̤aŋ	*kəni̤ə̯ŋ
Gallus gallus	*tjaaŋ	*chja̱aŋ	*ca̱i̯ɲ
Psittacula finschii ?	*kreeɲ	*krə̱əɲ	*krʌ̱i̯ɲ
Coturnix sp.	*cgɯt	*cəkɯ̤t	*hək[i̤/ɯ̤]t
Pseudogyps bengalensis ?	*t-[m]-maat	*tə(m)ma̱at	*[k]əma̱t
Oriolus chinensis ?	*mit	*mɯ̤t	*mi̤t
Treron phoenicopterus viridifrons	*prgum	*pərkṳm	*həkə̤m
Eudynamis scolopacea malayana	*t[]wa(a)w	*t()wa̱w	*kəwa̱o̯
Streptopelia orientalis	*puur	*pu̱ur	*pɒ̱u̯

Other animals

species	Proto-Monic	Proto-Nyah Kur	Proto-Mon
Periplaneta sp.	*sdɛɛʔ	*ɕətɛ̤ɛʔ	*həte̤ʔ
Apis dorsata	*saaj	*ɕa̱aj	*sa̱i̯
Trionyx cartilageneus	*dwiiʔ	*[c/t]həwi̤iʔ	*kwi̤ʔ
Fluta alba	*doŋ-nooŋ	*kənto̤oŋ ~ *tṳŋ-to̤oŋ	*hələ̤ɨ̯ŋ
Ophiocephalus striatus	*knlɔɔn	*kənlu̱an	*kəno̤n
Varanus nebulosus	*trkɔɔt	*təku̱at	*həko̱t

Plants

species	Proto-Monic	Proto-Nyah Kur	Proto-Mon
Bambusa arundinacea	*ɟrlaaʔ	*chəla̤aʔ	*həlɛ̤ə̯ʔ
Antiaris toxicaria	*kɟiiʔ	*kəci̤iʔ	*kji̤ʔ
Imperata cylindrica	*cwooʔ	*chwo̱oʔ	*khwɒ̱ɨ̯ʔ
Entada scandens	*ɟnlɛɛʔ	*khənlɛ̤ɛʔ	*həne̤ʔ
Eugenia cumini	*kriəŋ	*kri̱aŋ	*kri̱ə̯ŋ
Dipterocarpus alatus, Dipterocarpus turbinatus	*g[]jaaŋ	*khəja̤aŋ	*həja̤i̯ɲ
Pentace burmanica	*sit-siət	*ɕit-ɕi̱at	*kəsə̱t
Berrya mollis	*klwaan	*kəlwa̱an	*kəlwa̱an
Spondias mangifera	*[k]ʔiil	*[kh]əʔi̱il	*ʔi̱
Ficus bengalensis, Ficus religiosa	*ɟrəj	*chrə̤j	*sɔ̤e̯
Phyllanthus emblica	*trluuj	*təlu̱uj	*kəlu̱i̯

Lexical innovations

Selected Monic

Gloss	Proto-Austroasiatic	Proto-Monic	Old Mon	Nyah Kur
‘knee’	*psaɲ	*ɟroːm	–	chròːm
‘money’	*swaːʔ	*knuːj	knuj	khǝnúːj
‘chicken’	*ʔiər	*tjaːŋ	tyaiŋ	cháːŋ
‘dog’	*cɔːʔ	*clur	kløw	chúr

See also

• List of Proto-Monic reconstructions (Wiktionary)
• Mon language
• Nyah Kur language

Footnotes

References

• Sidwell, Paul (2009). Classifying the Austroasiatic languages: history and state of the art. LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics, 76. Munich: Lincom Europa.

Further reading

• Monic language studies. (1984). Bangkok, Thailand: Chulalongkorn University Print. House.
• Diffloth, Gérard. 1984 The Dvaravati Old Mon languages and Nyah Kur. Monic Language Studies. Chulalongkorn University Printing House, Bangkok.
• Eppele, John William, Carey Statezni, and Nathan Statezni. 2008. Monic bibliography. Chiang Mai: Payap University.
• Eppele, John William, Carey Statezni, and Nathan Statezni. 2008. Monic bibliography with selected annotations. Chiang Mai: Payap University.
• Ferlus, Michel. 1983. Essai de phonétique historique de môn. Mon-Khmer Studies 12: 1–90.
• Huffman, Franklin E. 1990. Burmese Mon, Thai Mon, and Nyah Kur: a synchronic comparison. Mon-Khmer Studies 16–17: 31–84.

External links

• SEAlang Project: Mon–Khmer languages: The Monic Branch
• "Monic". Archived from the original (lecture) on 2007-09-15. Retrieved 2007-09-21.
• Old Mon inscriptions