Katuic languages

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Katuic
Ethnicity
Indochina
Linguistic classificationAustroasiatic
  • Katuic
Proto-languageProto-Katuic
Subdivisions
  • Katu
  • Kui–Bru (West)
  • Pacoh
  • Ta'Oi–Kriang
Glottologkatu1271
  Katuic

The fifteen Katuic languages form a branch of the

shared innovations
, so they do not form a single branch of the Austroasiatic family, but form separate branches.

Classification

In 1966, a lexicostatistical analysis of various Austroasiatic languages in

Summer Institute of Linguistics linguists David Thomas and Richard Phillips. This study resulted in the recognition of two distinct new subbranches of Austroasiatic, namely Katuic and Bahnaric (Sidwell 2009). Sidwell (2005) casts doubt on Diffloth's Vieto-Katuic hypothesis, saying that the evidence is ambiguous, and that it is not clear where Katuic belongs in the family. Sufficient data for use in the sub-classification of the Katuic languages only become available after the opening of Laos
to foreign researchers in the 1990s.

Sidwell (2005)

The sub-classification of Katuic below was proposed by Sidwell (2005). Additionally, Sidwell (2009) analyzes the Katu branch as the most conservative subgroup of Katuic.

Gehrmann (2019)

Gehrmann (2019)[1] proposes the following classification of the Katuic languages.

Proto-Katuic

Ethnologue also lists Kassang (the

Phong Điền District, Vietnam, but Watson (1996:197)[3] speaks of "Pacoh Pahi" as a Pacoh
variety.

Kuy and Bru each have around half a million speakers, while the Ta’Oi cluster has around 200,000 speakers.

Proto-language

Reconstructions of Proto-Katuic, or its sub-branches, include:

  • Thomas (1967): A Phonology Reconstruction of Proto-East-Katuic
  • Diffloth (1982): Registres, devoisement, timbres vocaliques: leur histoire en katouique
  • Efinov (1983): Problemy fonologicheskoj rekonstrukcii proto-katuicheskogo jazyka
  • Peiros (1996): Katuic Comparative Dictionary
  • Therapahan L-Thongkum (2001): Languages of the Tribes in Xekong Province, Southern Laos
  • Paul Sidwell (2005): The Katuic languages: classification, reconstruction and comparative lexicon

Sidwell (2005) reconstructs the consonant inventory of proto-Katuic as follows:

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless *p *t *c *k *ʔ
voiced *b *d *ɟ *ɡ
implosive *ɓ *ɗ *ʄ
Nasal *m *n *ɲ *ŋ
Liquid *w *l, *r *j
Fricative *s *h

This is identical to reconstructions of

ʄ
, which is better preserved in the Katuic languages than in other branches of Austro-Asiatic, and which Sidwell believes was also present in Proto-Mon Khmer.

Lexical isoglosses

Paul Sidwell (2015:185-186)[4] lists the following lexical innovations unique to Katuic that had replaced original Proto-Austroasiatic forms.

Gloss Proto-Katuic[5] Proto-Austroasiatic
wife *kɗial *kdɔːr
year *kmɔɔ *cnam
cobra *duur *ɟaːt
mushroom *trɨa *psit
bone *ʔŋhaaŋ *cʔaːŋ
six *tbat *tpraw
eight *tgɔɔl *thaːm
head[6] *pləə *b/ɓuːk; *kuːj

Sidwell (2015:173) lists the following lexical isoglosses shared between Katuic and Bahnaric.

Gloss Proto-Katuic Proto-Bahnaric Notes
bark of tree *ʔnɗɔh *kɗuh
claw/nail *knrias *krʔniəh cf. Khmer kiəh 'to scratch'
skin *ʔŋkar *ʔəkaːr
to stand up *dɨk *dɨk may be borrowed from Chamic
tree/wood *ʔalɔːŋ *ʔlɔːŋ cf. Proto-Khmuic *cʔɔːŋ
crossbow *pnaɲ *pnaɲ cf. Old Mon pnaɲ 'army'
horn *ʔakiː *ʔəkɛː
palm, sole *trpaːŋ *-paːŋ
salt *bɔːh *bɔh
to steal *toŋ *toŋ
ten *ɟit *cit

Furthermore,

Gerard Diffloth (1992)[7] lists the words 'centipede', 'bone', 'to cough', 'to fart', 'to breathe', and 'blood' as isoglosses shared between Katuic and Vietic. A Vieto-Katuic connection has also been proposed by Alves (2005).[8]

See also

Further reading

References

  1. ^ Gehrmann, Ryan. 2019. On the Origin of Rime Laryngealization in Ta’oiq: A Case Study in Vowel Height Conditioned Phonation Contrasts. Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics (ICAAL 8), Chiang Mai, Thailand, August 29–31, 2019.
  2. ISBN 978-604-90-2436-8
  3. ^ Watson, Richard L. 1996. Why three phonologies for Pacoh? Mon-Khmer Studies 26: 197-205
  4. ^ Sidwell, Paul. 2015. "Austroasiatic classification." In Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell, eds (2015). The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages. Leiden: Brill.
  5. ^ Reconstructions are from Sidwell (2005).
  6. doi:10.1515/9783110558142-011
    .
  7. ^ Diffloth, Gérard. 1992. "Vietnamese As a Mon-Khmer Language." In Papers from the First Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, edited by Martha Ratliff and Eric Schiller. 125-139. Arizona State University, Program for Southeast Asian Studies.
  8. ^ Alves, Mark. 2005. "The Vieto-Katuic Hypothesis: Lexical Evidence." In SEALS XV: Papers from the 15th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 2003, edited by Paul Sidwell. 169-176. Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.

External links

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