Monocline

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
block diagram of a monocline
The Grandview-Phantom Monocline in the Grand Canyon, Arizona
Monocline at Colorado National Monument
Monocline formed at tip of small thrust fault, Brims Ness, Caithness, Scotland

A monocline (or, rarely, a monoform) is a step-like fold in rock strata consisting of a zone of steeper dip within an otherwise horizontal or gently dipping sequence.

Formation

Possible modes of formation of monoclines

Monoclines may be formed in several different ways (see diagram)

  • By differential compaction over an underlying structure, particularly a large fault at the edge of a basin due to the greater compactibility of the basin fill, the amplitude of the fold will die out gradually upwards.[1]
  • By mild reactivation of an earlier extensional fault during a phase of inversion causing folding in the overlying sequence.[2]
  • As a form of fault propagation fold during upward propagation of an extensional fault in basement into an overlying cover sequence.[3]
  • As a form of fault propagation fold during upward propagation of a
    reverse fault in basement into an overlying cover sequence.[4]

Examples

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-1-897799-43-7. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2012-03-16.
  2. S2CID 131396080
    .
  3. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(01)00120-1. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  4. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00053-6
    .
  5. ^ "Geology". Capitol Reef National Park. National Park Service. 23 December 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  6. ^ "Comb Ridge, Utah". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 2019-11-24. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  7. ISBN 978-0-89886-895-1
    .
  8. S2CID 128672429
    .
  9. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.10.012
    .
  10. ^ "L001 : Lapstone Monocline". Heritage places and items. Office of Environment and Heritage, Government of New South Wales. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  11. ^ "61. Beaumaris Cliffs 3 - Monocline". Sites of Geological and Geomorphological Significance. Agriculture Victoria. 8 June 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  12. doi:10.1016/S0016-7878(97)80011-9
    .
  13. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.09.010
    .
  14. ^ Memon, A.D.; Siddiqui, I.; Memon, A. (1999). "Tectonics of the Sindh monocline, Pakistan and their effects on hydrocarbons". Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 18 (2): 87–96.
  15. ISBN 978-3-319-67704-0
    .
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