Moritz von Jacobi

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Moritz Hermann von Jacobi
Jacobi's law
Jacobi mine
AwardsDemidov Prize (1840)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics, Engineering
InstitutionsRussian Academy of Sciences

Moritz Hermann von Jacobi,

russified from 1837 as Boris Semyonovich Yakobi (Russian: Борис Семёнович Якоби; 21 September 1801 – 10 March 1874) was a Prussian and Russian Imperial engineer and physicist of Jewish descent. Jacobi worked mainly in the Russian Empire. He furthered progress in galvanoplastics, electric motors, and wire telegraphy
.

Motors

Jacobi began to study

battery cells, which carried 14 passengers on the Neva
river against the current at three miles per hour.

Jacobi's law

Circuit Diagram
Circuit Diagram


Power is being transferred from the source,
with voltage V and resistance RS,
to a load with

resistance
RL,
resulting in a current I. I is simply
the source voltage divided by the total


circuit resistance

The law known as the

maximum power theorem
states:

"Maximum power is transferred when the internal resistance of the source equals the resistance of the load, when the external resistance can be varied, and the internal resistance is constant."

The transfer of maximum power from a source with a fixed internal resistance to a load, the resistance of the load must be the same as that of the source. This law is of use when driving a load such as an electric motor from a battery.

Electrotyping and telegraphy

In 1838, he discovered galvanoplastics, or

relief printing
.

He also worked on the development of the

World's Fair. He was a strong proponent of the metric system
.

Naval mine

In 1853, Jacobi developed the

black powder. Its production was approved by the Committee for Mines of the Ministry of War of the Russian Empire and in 1854 60 Jacobi mines were laid in the vicinity of the Forts Pavel and Alexander (Kronstadt).[1]

Family

Von Jacobi's brother was the mathematician Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi.[2]

Von Jacobi's tomb, from wife and children

Jacobi was born into an Ashkenazi Jewish family.[3]

Notes

  1. ^ Tarle, Yevgeny (1944). Крымская война [Crimean War] (in Russian). Vol. II. Moscow: Soviet Academy of Sciences. pp. 44–45.
  2. New International Encyclopedia
    (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
  3. ^ Pieper, H. (2005). Der Euler des 19. Jahrhunderts: CG Jacob Jacobi. Elemente der Mathematik, 60(3), 89-107.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Moritz Hermann von Jacobi.
  • Katz, Eugenii. "Moritz Hermann Jacobi". Archived from the original on 2006-10-06.
  • Calvert, J. B., "Jacobi's Theorem Also known as the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem, misunderstanding of it retarded development of dynamos". March 30, 2001
  • [1] Jacobi's motor - The first real electric motor of 1834
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