Muhamed Mehmedbašić

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Muhamed Mehmedbašić
Muhamed Mehmedbašić in the interwar period
Born1887
Stolac, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary
Died29 May 1943 (aged 55–56)
Sarajevo, Independent State of Croatia
Cause of deathKilled by Ustaše

Muhamed Mehmedbašić (1887 – 29 May 1943) was a Bosnian revolutionary and the main planner in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which led to a sequence of events that resulted in the outbreak of World War I.

Early life

Mehmedbašić was born in 1887 into a Bosnian family in

Austro-Hungarian Bosnia and Herzegovina).[1] His father was impoverished, formerly part of the Ottoman Bosnian nobility.[2] Mehmedbašić worked as a carpenter.[3] During a Muslim youth organization's trip to Belgrade, Mehmedbašić befriended Mustafa Golubić (another Muslim, also from Stolac) who influenced his revolutionary feelings.[4] Mehmedbašić, as did Mustafa Golubić, identified as Serb Muslim.[3]

While working as a carpenter, Mehmedbašić befriended Black Hand member Danilo Ilić, the main organizer of conspiracy against the Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1] He joined the Young Bosnia revolutionary organization and became a colleague of its ideologue Vladimir Gaćinović,[1] who was also a member of the Black Hand.[5] As Mehmedbašić held strong Serbian nationalist sentiment, and Ilić and Gaćinović saw a strong character in him, he was given delicate duties.[1] He was sworn into the Black Hand by Provincial Director for Bosnia-Herzegovina Vladimir Gaćinović and Danilo Ilić.[6] In 1912–13, Serbia fought in the Balkan Wars. Black Hand founding member Vojislav Tankosić led a Chetnik detachment, in which many revolutionaries volunteered (including Golubić).

Young Bosnia

Potiorek assassination plot

In late 1913, Danilo Ilić recommended the end of revolutionary organization building and a move to direct action against Austria-Hungary when meeting a Serbian captain and fellow Black Hand member in Užice. Ilić then met with Chief of Serbian Military Intelligence Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijević "Apis", the leader of the Black Hand, to discuss the matter. [7] Apis' right hand, Serbian Major Vojislav Tankosić, called an action planning meeting in Toulouse, France.[8] On Orthodox New Year, Golubić called Mehmedbašić, who was in Stolac, to immediately come to the meeting in Toulouse.[4] During this January 1914 meeting, various possible Austro-Hungarian targets for assassination were discussed, including Franz Ferdinand. However, it was decided only to kill the Governor of Bosnia, Oskar Potiorek.[6] The assassination plot was organized in Toulouse by Gaćinović and Golubić.[9] Mehmedbašić was chosen for the task.[9] He had left Stolac with 300 krone borrowed to finance the plot.[9] Mehmedbašić was (according to himself) "eager to carry out an act of terrorism to revive the revolutionary spirit of Bosnia."[6] He was given a Swedish knife containing poison.[10][11]

Mehmedbašić arrived at Dubrovnik by steamship, and then traveled by train.[10] At the Hum train station, on the way to Sarajevo, gendarmes searched the train; fearing they were on to him, he threw the knife out the window.[10][6] Potiorek was planned to be assassinated at the end of March 1914, when the new mufti Čaušević was to be enthroned in Sarajevo.[12] However, upon hearing that Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria would come to Sarajevo on Vidovdan, the Black Hand changed their minds.[9] The Archduke's scheduled visit on Vidovdan (28 June), a Serbian national holiday, was perceived as an insult.[13] Ilić summoned Mehmedbašić and informed him on 26 March that the plan now was to murder Archduke Franz Ferdinand, as ordered by Apis,[14] and Mehmedbašić should stand by for the new operation.[15] Mehmedbašić said during talks of the assassination that "half of Bosnia and Herzegovina will join the plot, and the other half will approve everything we do".[11]

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Main article: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Apis and fellow conspirators Milan Ciganović and Major Tankosić hired three youngsters,

contradictory] As the motorcade took a wrong route to the hospital, it found itself outside the café where Princip was at; he fired fatal shots at the royal couple and then turned the gun at himself, however, two bystanders stopped him and he was arrested. [18]

Čabrinović and Princip gave up the names of their fellow conspirators under torture.

Veljko Čubrilović, Vaso Čubrilović, Cvjetko Popović and Miško Jovanović were arrested and charged with treason and murder. Upon learning that Mehmedbašić was in Nikšić, the Austro-Hungarian authorities urged the Montenegrin authorities to have him arrested and handed over to them.[21] Jovan Plamenac said that the Montenegrin government gave strict orders to capture Mehmedbašić, but informed the Austro-Hungarian diplomacy that the Montenegrin government had no intention to hand him over if they captured him, and that instead, a Montenegrin court would judge him.[22] On 12 July, Mehmedbašić was apprehended by the Montenegrin authorities. However, before he was extradited he escaped from the Nikšić prison two days later.[23] It has been claimed that the Montenegrin government hid him and had him sent over the Čakor mountain into Serbia.[9] The Austro-Hungarian authorities suspected Montenegrin collusion in his escape and arrested the gendarmes who guarded Mehmedbašić.[23] During his captivity Mehmedbašić admitted his complicity in the assassination.[23]

World War I

Muhamed Mehmedbašić while imprisoned in Thessaloniki during the Serbian court-martial in 1917.

In Serbia, Mehmedbašić met up with Mustafa Golubić, with whom he joined the Chetnik detachment of Vojislav Tankosić that fought in World War I.[9] He trained Bosnian volunteers.[24] Mehmedbašić met with Apis on several occasions.[25]

Mehmedbašić was accused of having participated in an alleged plot to kill Serbian regent

guslar (poet) singing Serbian songs".[9] It was later found that Mehmedbašić had in fact proved the trial false.[29] Serbia's Supreme Court retried the case and all defendants were exonerated (rehabilitated) in 1953.[30]

Interwar period and death

He survived the war and called the arrival of the Serbian army in Bosnia and Herzegovina the "happiest day in his life".[9] Mehmedbašić was commuted and released in 1919.[28] He was pardoned by King Alexander himself, who reportedly gave him a house in Ilidža.[31]

Mehmedbašić was killed during

Sarajevo Airport, in the outskirts of the city.[33][34]

Muhamed Mehmedbašić Street in Banja Luka.

References

  1. ^ a b c d Konjhodžić 1974, p. 381.
  2. ^ Dedijer 1966, p. 282.
  3. ^ a b Slijepčević 1929, p. 209, Konjhodžić 1974, p. 381
  4. ^ a b Slijepčević 1929, p. 209.
  5. ^ Glenny 2012, p. 244.
  6. ^ a b c d Albertini 1953, p. 78.
  7. ^ Albertini 1953, pp. 27–28, 79.
  8. ^ Albertini 1953, pp. 76–77.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Konjhodžić 1974, p. 382.
  10. ^ a b c Beatović & Milanović 1989, p. 129.
  11. ^ a b Ljubibratić 1959, p. 197.
  12. ^ Kruševac 1960, p. 378.
  13. ^ Donnelley 2012, p. 32.
  14. ^ Dedijer 1966, p. 398.
  15. ^ Albertini 1953, pp. 78–79.
  16. ^ Donnelley 2012, pp. 32–33.
  17. ^ a b c d Kantowicz 1999, p. 97.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h Donnelley 2012, p. 33.
  19. ^ Slijepčević 1929, p. 217.
  20. ^ Rakočević 1997, p. 28.
  21. ^ Rakočević 1997, pp. 28–29.
  22. ^ Rakočević 1997, p. 29.
  23. ^
    ISBN 1-55753-146-3
    .
  24. ^ Apis 1918, p. 190.
  25. ^ Apis 1918, pp. 190, 226.
  26. ^ MacKenzie 1995, pp. 56–64.
  27. ^ MacKenzie 1995, pp. 344–347.
  28. ^ a b MacKenzie 1995, pp. 329, 344–347.
  29. ^ Živanović 1955, p. 320.
  30. ^ MacKenzie 1995, p. 2.
  31. ^ Muhamed Mehmedbasicsrpskilegat.rs Archived 2021-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ Kolaković, Juraj (1962). Historijski Pregled: časopis za nastavu historije. Zagreb: Savez Historijskij društava FNRJ. p. 91.
  33. ^ Mušeta-Aščerić, Vesna (1989). Spomenici revolucije grada Sarajeva. Sarajevo: Gradski zavod za zaštitu i korišćenje kulturno-istorijskog i prirodnog nasljeđa Sarajevo. p. 94
  34. ^ "Davidović položio vijenac na grob Mehmedbašića". 28 June 2014.

Sources

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