Young Bosnia
Млада Босна Mlada Bosna | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina from Austria-Hungary and unification with Serbia and Kingdom of Montenegro | |
Key people | Gavrilo Princip |
---|---|
Affiliations | Narodna Odbrana and Black Hand |
Young Bosnia (Serbian: Млада Босна /Mlada Bosna) was a
Background
The rise to power of the popular
Formation, membership and ideology
There were a number of youth-oriented organizations before the rise of Young Bosnia, such as United Serb Youth in the 1860s and 1870s. Defining membership and the vague idea of "youth" (omladina) was debated at length among South Slavic intellectuals. One major obstacle to defining and organizing the youth in Bosnia-Herzegovina was the educational system, which underwent major changes in the Habsburg period. By 1900, a small but growing number of young men from Bosnia were studying in Prague, Zagreb, Vienna, Graz, Istanbul, and Belgrade. This put them in touch with Serbian and Croatian nationalist circles.[3]
The Young Bosnia circle was formed after the Austro-Hungarian
The members were predominantly school students,
Young Bosnia received some assistance from the Black Hand – a secret organization founded by members of the Serbian Army.[2] On the other hand, Vladimir Gaćinović was the only Young Bosnia leader to join Black Hand,[15] although after the First World War broke out he condemned the assassination in a letter (presumably as a way to evade responsibility).[16]
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Two notable organizations are referred to in connection with Young Bosnia: Narodna Odbrana and Black Hand. During a Serbian
"The political union of the Yugoslavs [..] was my basic idea [..] I am a Yugoslav nationalist, aiming for the unification of all Yugoslavs, and I do not care what form of state, but it must be free from Austria"
-Gavrilo Princip during his trial[9]
Claimed members of Young Bosnia who participated in the assassination were:
- Danilo Ilić (27 July 1890 – 3 February 1915)
- Veljko Čubrilović(1 July 1886 – 3 February 1915)
- Miško Jovanović (15 June 1878 - 3 February 1915)
- Nedeljko Čabrinović (2 February 1895 – 20 January 1916)
- Vladimir Gaćinović (25 May 1890 – 11 August 1917)
- Trifko Grabež (28 June 1895 – February 1916)
- Gavrilo Princip (25 July 1894 – 28 April 1918)
- Muhamed Mehmedbašić (1886 – 29 May 1943)
- Cvjetko Popović (1896 – 9 June 1980)
- Vaso Čubrilović (14 January 1897 – 11 June 1990)
An evening before the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Princip, Čabrinović and Ilić visited the grave of Bogdan Žerajić for the last time.[17] Žerajić's proclamation "He who wants to live, let him die. He who wants to die, let him live", was quoted by Gavrilo Princip in one of the songs he wrote (Serbian: Ал право је рекао пре Жерајић, соко сиви: Ко хоће да живи, нек мре, Ко хоће да мре, нек живи).[18]
Legacy
Museum of Young Bosnia
The Museum of Young Bosnia was built in the period of SFR Yugoslavia in 1953, at the place where the assassination took place. It commemorates the assassins, popularly known in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia as the "Vidovdan heroes". At the front of the museum was a plaque, inscribed: "From this place, on 28 June 1914, Gavrilo Princip, expressed with his shot the people's revolt against tyranny and their centuries-old struggle for freedom. (Са овога мјеста 28. јуна 1914. године Гаврило Принцип својим пуцњем изрази народни протест против тираније и вјековну тежњу наших народа за слободом.)" In 1992, soldiers of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina destroyed both the plaque and Princip's footprints. German forces had removed the 1930 plaque in 1941. The museum still exists today, but nowadays documents aspects of life in Bosnia & Herzegovina during Austro-Hungarian rule.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ Djokić 2003, p. 59.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8147-6708-5.
- )
- ISBN 978-0-521-77401-7.
- ^ Belgrade (Serbia). Vojni muzej Jugoslovenske narodne armije (1968). Fourteen centuries of struggle for freedom. The Military Museum. p. II.
- ISBN 9788683651627.
- ^ Život. Svjetlost. 1989. p. 122.
И, подсећајући да му је то у писму са- општио Божидар Зечевић, наводећи погрешно 1907. годину...
- ^ Dedijer 1966, p. 831.
- ^ a b c d Banac 1988.
- ISBN 978-0-14-026817-1.
- ^ Djokić 2003, p. 24.
- ISBN 978-0-7146-5485-0.
- ISBN 9781576072943.
- ^ Trivo Indic (27 May 1990). "The anarchist tradition on Yugoslav soil". Umanità Nova. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ISBN 978-1-77089-274-3.
- ^ Dedijer 1966, p. 522.
- ^ Stand To!: The Journal of the Western Front Association. The Association. 2003. p. 44.
On the evening before 28 June 1914 Princip, Cabrinovic and Ilic paid a last visit to the grave of Bogdan Zerajic in Sarajevo. Zerajic had planned an assault ...
- ^ Marković, Marko (1961). Članci i ogledi. p. 193.
Sources
- Banac, Ivo (1988). The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-9493-1.
- Blakley, Patrick R. F. "Narodna Odbrana (The Black Hand): Terrorist Faction that Divided the World" (PDF). Oswego Historical Review. 2: 13–34.
- Bogićević, Vojislav (1954). Mlada Bosna: pisma i prilozi. Svjetlost.
- Dedijer, Vladimir (1966). Sarajevo 1914. Prosveta.
- Djokić, Dejan (2003). Yugoslavism: Histories of a Failed Idea, 1918-1992. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85065-663-0.
- Ekmečić, Milorad (1964). Mlada Bosna. Musej grada.
- Gaćinović, Radoslav (2014). Mlada Bosna. Medija centar "Odbrana". ISBN 978-86-335-0416-4.
- Gaćinović, Radoslav (2014). "European Concept of the Young Bosnia Movement". Serbian Political Thought. 10 (2): 51–67. .
- Gilfond, Henry (1975). The Black Hand at Sarajevo. Bobbs-Merrill. OCLC 1692249.
- Imamović, Mustafa (2014). "The First Critical Approach to Young Bosnia". Prilozi. 43: 17–22.
- Jackson, Paul (2006). "'Union or Death!': Gavrilo Princip, Young Bosnia and the Role of 'Sacred Time' in the Dynamics of Nationalist Terrorism". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 7 (1): 45–65. S2CID 144751362.
- Jevdjevic, D. (2002). Sarajevski zaverenici (in Serbian). Belgrade: Familet.
- Katz, Vera (2014). "Ideological use of Memorial Plaques dedicated to Gavrilo Princip in the upbringing and education of generations of youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina". Prilozi. 43: 99–111.
- Karajica, Tara (2014). "A Hero or a Villain, a Terrorist or a Liberator?". Heroism and Gender in War Films. Palgrave Macmillan: 35–47.
- Ljubibratić, Dragoslav (1964). Mlada Bosna i sarajevski atentat. Muzej grada Sarajeva.
- Masleša, Veselin; Đilas, Milovan (1945). Mlada Bosna. Kultura.
- Parežanin, Ratko (1974). Mlada Bosna i prvi svetski rat. Iskra.
- Turanjanin, Veljko M.; Čvorović, Dragana S. (2016). "Sarajevo 1914: Trial Process against Young Bosnia-Illusion of the Fair Process". Zbornik Radova. 50: 183–199. .
Further reading
- Palavestra, Predrag (2010). "Young Bosnia: Literary action 1908-1914". Balcanica (41): 155–184. .