Nikšić
Nikšić | |
---|---|
Town and municipality | |
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 81400 |
Area code | +382 40 |
Car plates | NK |
ISO 3166-2 code | ME-12 |
Website | niksic.me |
Nikšić (Montenegrin: Никшић, pronounced [nîkʃit͡ɕ]),[a] is the second largest city in Montenegro, with a total population of 56,970 (2011 census) located in the west of the country, in the centre of the spacious Nikšić field at the foot of Trebjesa Hill. It is the center of Nikšić Municipality with population of 66,725 according to 2023 census, which is the largest municipality by area and second most inhabited after Podgorica. It was also the largest municipality by area in the former Yugoslavia. It is an important industrial, cultural, and educational center.
Name
In classical antiquity, the area of Nikšić was the site of the settlement of the Illyrian tribe of the Endirudini and was known in sources of the time as Anderba or Enderon.[3] The Roman Empire built a military camp (castrum Anderba) in the 4th century AD, which was known as the Ostrogothic fortress Anagastum (after 459. AD). After Slavic settlement in the region, Anagastum became Slavic Onogošt, which was the name of the town and župa (county) in the Middle Ages. Onogošt was renamed as Nikšić in the middle of 15th century after the Nikšići, a Montenegrin tribe.[4]
History
Antiquity
The region formed one of the core areas of the
Middle Ages
During the Early Middle Ages, it was located within the South Slavic (
Ottoman Empire
The
Under the influence of the First Serbian Uprising, in the summer of 1805, the movement of Herzegovinian Serbs wanting to start an uprising appeared in Nikšić.[10] The people of Nikšić relied on and cooperated with the harambašas from Popovo Polje, Trebinje and Trebinje Šuma, (Serbian: Требињска шума),[b] and calculated that 19,000 Serbs could rise up in revolt, while weapons were to arrive from Russia, via Greece. The Turks reacted to that by sending 10,000 soldiers led by pasha Kauzlarić to quell the rebellion. After the suppression of the uprising by the Turks, in which local Slavic Muslims probably took part, there was no more mention of the wider rebellion in historical sources.[10]
In 1807, armed forces led by Petar I Petrović-Njegoš along with 1,000 Russian troops attempted to take Nikšić, but Ottoman forces prevailed.[9] On July 18, 1876, the Principality of Montenegro defeated Ottoman forces in the Battle of Vučji Do in the western edge of the municipality of Nikšić. On 27 August 1877, the rest of Nikšić was taken by the Montenegrin Army under the command of Vojvoda Mašo Vrbica after a 47-day siege against the Ottoman authorities.[11] English archaeologist Arthur Evans witnessed the negotiations between Nicholas I of Montenegro (Nikola I) and the remaining Bosniaks (Muslims) after the siege, and subsequently wrote about them in his diary:
"Prince Nikola upon entering Nikšić directly invited representatives of Muslim citizens and informed them that whoever decides to stay is guaranteed complete personal freedom, freedom to retain homes, land, and all property, complete freedom of religion and that they will enjoy all the rights of Montenegrin citizenry, even including the right to carry arms. On the other hand, those who decide to leave will be allowed to bring any mobile goods and the Montenegrin government will issue a horse and an envoy up to the border."[11]
Principality and Kingdom of Montenegro (1877–1918)
Nikšić was officially recognized as a part of the
Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941)
The ousting of
Nikšić saw the establishment of rail transport during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. On July 12, 1938, after thirteen years of on-and-off construction, the first train arrived from Bileća at the newly constructed railway station in Nikšić.[15] A gate was decorated in front of the new station, on which a portrait of King Petar II was installed with "Long Live Yugoslavia!" written under the portrait.[15] Approximately 5,000 people waited for the first train to arrive, even when its arrival was delayed by two hours on a hot day.[15] During the delay, much of the public was reportedly impatient, with two war veterans leading a kolo dance on the railroad tracks before the train arrived.[15]
World War II
During World War II, Nikšić was first occupied by the Italian governorate in Montenegro. The occupation resulted in several insurrections, with one of the earliest started by the Yugoslav Partisans. The first Partisan advances were violently repressed, as Nikšić became the site of a large number of public executions, including those of notable communists Ljubo Čupić and 16-year old Joka Baletić.[16]
Over the course of April 7–8, 1944, Nikšić was bombed by the
SFR Yugoslavia (1945–1991)
After the end of World War II, Nikšić became the site of unprecedented industrial and political developments. On September 24, 1948, six unmarked
One of the biggest changes in Nikšić were the construction of new factories, particularly the metal processing plant "Boris Kidrič", which Josip Broz Tito first visited in May 1959. Tito visited the Boris Kidrič plant again on May 12, 1969, after it was reported that the plant recorded a positive net revenue for the previous quarter-year for the first time since its establishment.[19] During his second visit to Nikšić, Tito insisted that negative business results be addressed by modernizing machinery in the factory, as opposed to placing responsibility solely on workers.[19] By 1985, the Boris Kidrič metal works employed over 6,500 workers, although that year two strikes took place.[20] Chronic inflation of the Yugoslav dinar had already begun, and the metal works were dependent on imports in order to produce. This added pressure to raise prices of steel products, which in turn made them less competitive with steel from western Europe.[20]
The city population was increased tenfold, and Nikšić became the heart of Montenegrin industrial complex. During the socialist republic era, the city flourished, as steel and iron works, bauxite mines, electricity production, brewery and wood processing industries were set up in and around the city.
During the Yugoslav Wars
With the
Years of wartime tension and widespread poverty took a toll on the city. In 1996, Nikšić recorded the second-most suicides out of any city in Yugoslavia.[26] After a period of twenty days during which six suicides and two murders took place, clergymen in Nikšić decided to start an annual public liturgy, or Litija, which was attended by tens of thousands of worshipers who walked all the way from Ostrog Monastery in May 1996.[26]
Local administration
Municipal parliament
The municipal parliament consists of 41 deputies elected directly for a four-year term.
Party / Coalition | Seats | Local government | |
---|---|---|---|
DPS–SD–LPCG–PKS | 18 / 41
|
Opposition | |
DF–SNP Coalition | 11 / 41
|
Government | |
Peace is Our Nation | 10 / 41
|
Government | |
United Reform Action | 1 / 41
|
Government | |
Popular Movement | 1 / 41
|
Opposition |
Mayor
Mayor of Nikšić is the head of the town and municipality of Nikšić. He acts on behalf of the town, and performs an executive function in the municipality of Nikšić. Current mayor is Marko Kovačević, member of the right-wing Democratic Front.
List of Mayors since introduction of multi-party system (1990–present):
- Milorad Drljević (DPS) (1990–2002)
- Vera Miljanić (LSCG) (2002–2003)
- Labud Šljukić (LSCG) (2003–2005)
- Nebojša Radojičić (DPS) (2005–2014)
- Veselin Grbović (DPS) (2014–2020)
- DPS) (2020–2021)
- Marko Kovačević (DF) (2020–present)
Geography
Nikšić is situated in north-central Montenegro. It is located at the centre of the spacious Nikšić field (Nikšićko polje), a
Zeta river originates in the Nikšić field, and flows near the city of Nikšić, before it becomes a subterranean river south of the city. The river caused frequent flooding of the plain, until the construction of Hydroelectric power plant Perućica in 1960. The construction of the power plant resulted in creation of three large artificial lakes near the city - Krupac Lake, Slano Lake and Vrtac Lake. Today, the lakes are a popular recreation and relaxation retreats for the citizens of Nikšić.
Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, Nikšić has an oceanic climate (Cfb), which is influenced by the Mediterranean climate drying trend during summer.[28] The average temperature in January is 1.7 °C (35.1 °F), while in July it is 20.4 °C (68.7 °F). Average humidity amounts to 69%. Nikšić receives 2,238 hours of sunshine per year, with warm and moderately wet summers, and cool and rainy winters. On average, there are 19 days per year with snowfall.
Climate data for Nikšić (1991–2020, extremes 1949–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 17.7 (63.9) |
21.2 (70.2) |
23.5 (74.3) |
27.7 (81.9) |
30.6 (87.1) |
34.9 (94.8) |
39.4 (102.9) |
40.8 (105.4) |
36.6 (97.9) |
29.4 (84.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
18.4 (65.1) |
40.8 (105.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.5 (43.7) |
7.3 (45.1) |
10.8 (51.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
20.1 (68.2) |
24.9 (76.8) |
28.3 (82.9) |
28.9 (84.0) |
22.9 (73.2) |
17.7 (63.9) |
12.3 (54.1) |
7.7 (45.9) |
16.9 (62.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
1.8 (35.2) |
5.4 (41.7) |
9.4 (48.9) |
13.1 (55.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
15.4 (59.7) |
11.3 (52.3) |
7.3 (45.1) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
6.7 (44.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | −20.2 (−4.4) |
−17 (1) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
0.4 (32.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
5.4 (41.7) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−20.2 (−4.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 208.4 (8.20) |
194.4 (7.65) |
185.6 (7.31) |
170.3 (6.70) |
108.2 (4.26) |
92.7 (3.65) |
61.0 (2.40) |
90.2 (3.55) |
138.1 (5.44) |
201.7 (7.94) |
300.6 (11.83) |
239.1 (9.41) |
1,990.3 (78.34) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 13 | 134 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
72 | 70 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 57 | 59 | 66 | 71 | 75 | 74 | 68 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 112.9 | 116.8 | 151.1 | 169.0 | 213.2 | 238.4 | 312.2 | 284.6 | 226.5 | 187.9 | 117.2 | 107.9 | 2,237.7 |
Source 1: Hydrological and Meteorological Service of Montenegro[29][30] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration[31] |
Cityscape
Although Nikšić area has seen human settlements since antiquity, most of the modern Nikšić is a
According to this plan, the streets of Nikšić radiate to the north and east from the central city square (today a roundabout), locally known as Skver. The radial streets are intersected by circumferential streets and avenues, thus creating a half-spider web-like street layout.
Layers of different architectural styles and urban patterns are evident along the radial network of streets. Thus, closest to the central roundabout is the historical core of Nikšić, formed after the liberation from Ottoman Empire, and serving as a nucleus for Slade's urban plan. This area, on the foot of Trebjesa Hill, is home to
Farther from the central roundabout, the historical core is encircled with a layer of mass residential blocks, built during the
Beyond the blocks, the city expanded in form of a
Culture
Although mostly perceived as an industrial center, Nikšić is also a city of rich cultural heritage. The most significant cultural institution in the city is Centar Za Kulturu (Cultural Center), which incorporates the city's major public cultural establishments:
- Zavičajni Muzej (County Museum), situated in the former royal Palace of King Nikola, documents the historical development of the city.
- Nikšić art gallery
- Public library and Public archive
- Nikšić theater
- Zahumlje folk music society
- Stari Grad Anderva art society
The most significant cultural event in the city is Septembarski Dani Kulture (September days of Culture), that is one of the most recognizable cultural happenings in Montenegro. Other annual artistic events include Pjesnik na korzu (Poet on the promenade), Međunarodni festival glumca (International actors festival), Međunarodni festival kamerne muzike (International festival of chamber music), Međunarodni festival gitare (International guitar festival). Lake Fest rock festival, held annually at Krupac lake and Bedem Fest rock festival, held at Bedem Castle are gaining ground as one of the most recognizable music festivals in the former Yugoslav region.
Nikšić is known for its distinctive cultural atmosphere and
Media scene of Nikšić is mostly confined to public broadcasters TV Nikšić and Radio Nikšić, and a number of commercial radio stations. Riječ and Luča magazines, published by the Faculty of Philology and the Faculty of Philosophy respectively, as well as Poznanstva children magazine, are also a part of Nikšić cultural scene.
Education
Nikšić is home to 40 educational institutions. Among those are 11 nurseries, 25 elementary schools of which one is elementary music school and 4 high schools, including the Stojan Cerović Gymnasium.
Nikšić is also home to three faculties of the University of Montenegro:
- Faculty of Philosophy- a complex educational and scientific institution which organizes undergraduate, specialist and postgraduate studies as well as doctoral studies within its main activities. Two institutes operate within the faculty:
- Institute of philosophy and sociology and
- Institute of geography
- Faculty of Philology
- Institute of language and literature
- Faculty of sports and physical education
Sports
Nikšić is regarded as one of the centers of Montenegrin sport. The
In basketball, not only has Nikšić produced great players (Bojan Dubljevic or Ana Pocek for example), but the local team
Other team sports, particularly
Besides
Vučje ski resort is 18 km away from the city center, making winter sports a popular recreation among the citizens of Nikšić.
Demographics
Population (city)
Census | Population |
---|---|
1948 | 9,485 |
1953 | 14,804 |
1961 | 26,569 |
1971 | 40,107 |
1981 | 50,399 |
1991 | 55,718 |
2003 | 58,212 |
2011 | 56,970 |
Nikšić is administrative centre of Nikšić Municipality, which incorporates a densely populated fertile plain called "Župa", and has a population of 66,725 (2023. census). [32]
Nikšić Municipality can be viewed as a metropolitan area of the city of Nikšić.
Ethnicity
Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT, Census 2011[33]
Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Montenegrins | 36,713 | 64.44% |
Serbs | 13,584 | 23.84% |
Romani | 466 | 0.81% |
Balkan Egyptians | 446 | 0.81% |
Bosniaks | 216 | 0.37% |
Croats | 135 | 0.23% |
Albanians | 72 | 0.12% |
ethnic Muslims |
63 | 0.11% |
Other | 219 | 0.38% |
not declared | 3843 | 6.74% |
Total | 56,970 | 100% |
Religion
Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT, Census 2011[34]
Religion | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Eastern Orthodoxy | 51,539 | 90.46% |
Islam | 1707 | 2.99% |
Atheism | 689 | 1.2% |
Catholicism | 201 | 0.35% |
Other | 619 | 1.08% |
not declared | 1987 | 3.48% |
Total | 56,970 | 100% |
Economy
Nikšić is, alongside Podgorica, one of the biggest industrial centres of Montenegro. A steel mill (Nikšićka Željezara), bauxite mine, the Trebjesa brewery (Nikšićka Pivara), and many more are concentrated in this city.
These big industries had struggled to survive the collapse of the socialist economy, but have since recovered. The process of privatization is either finished or still in progress for some of these industries.
Today those industry giants cannot employ as many workers as they could back in the days of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and the economy of Nikšić is slowly transforming into one that is more service-oriented. In 1981 Niksic's GDP per capita was 91% of the Yugoslav average.[35]
Transport
Road
Nikšić's main road connection is
Rail
Nikšić is the terminus of
This rail link has been used mainly to transport bauxite from Nikšić bauxite mine to
Nikšić obtained its
Air
Podgorica Airport is some 60 km (37 mi) away from Nikšić, and has regular flights to Belgrade, Sarajevo, Budapest, Zürich, Frankfurt, Ljubljana, Paris, Rome and Vienna. Both Tivat and Dubrovnik airports are some 100 km (62 mi) away, and offer regular services to major European destinations.
International cooperation
Nikšić is
- Arilje, Serbia
- Bileća, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bovec, Slovenia
- Brindisi, Italy
- Chifeng, China
- Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Gacko, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Girona, Spain
- Gradačac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Koper, Slovenia
- Koprivnica, Croatia
- Kumanovo, North Macedonia[44]
- Lazarevac, Serbia
- Murska Sobota, Slovenia
- Nevesinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- New Belgrade, Serbia
- Ohrid, North Macedonia
- Prilep, North Macedonia
- Rab, Croatia
- Ražanj, Serbia
- Strumica, North Macedonia
- Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Valjevo, Serbia
- Vrbas, Serbia
- Zadar, Croatia
- Želino, North Macedonia
Notable individuals
- Dragomir Bečanović, judoka, World champion
- Andrija Delibašić, footballer
- Bojan Dubljević, basketball player
- Milo Đukanović, President of Montenegro
- Grdan (fl. 1596–d. 1612), vojvoda of Nikšić and rebel leader
- Goran Jeretin, basketball player
- Zdravko Krivokapić, Prime Minister of Montenegro
- Radmila Miljanić-Petrović, handball player, Olympic silver medalist and European champion
- Milomir Miljanić, singer
- Andrija Milošević, actor
- Alen Muratović, handball player
- Vitomir Nikolić, poet
- Živko Nikolić, movie director
- Milosava Perunović (ca. 1900 - 1945), war heroine
- Vukan Perović, football player
- Željko Petrović, footballer
- Milisav Popović, fantasy author
- Nataša Popović, basketball player
- Silvija Popović, Serbian volleyball player, silver medalist at the 2016 Summer Olympics, World and European champion
- Zdravko Radulović, basketball player, silver medalist at the 1988 Summer Olympics and European champion
- Miladin Šobić, musician
- Željko Šturanović, former Prime Minister of Montenegro
- Mirko Vučinić, footballer
- Filip Vujanović, former President of Montenegro
- Miljan Zeković, football player
- Rajko Žižić, basketball player, three-time Olympic medalist and 1980 Olympic champion
- Milorad Žižić, boxer
- Vesna Zmijanac, singer
Notes
- ^ According to the 2011 census, the "mother tongue" of 43.75% of the population of Nikšić was Montenegrin, while 45.44% claimed Serbian as their first language. A further 6.23% of people within Nikšić did not wish to answer the language question.[2] These languages are both represented in the introduction, although they render with identical orthography.
- ^ Trebinje Šuma is the forested area between Trebinje and Poljica Popovo, along the river Trebišnjica
References
- ^ "Montenegrin 2011 census". Monstat. 2011.
- ^ Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT. "Population of Montenegro by sex, type of settlement, ethnicity, religion and mother tongue". Census 2011 - Releases (PDF). p. 12. Table 5a. MONSTAT webpage
- ^ ISBN 0521264308.
- ISBN 0631204717
- ^ Vasić 2005, p. 85.
- ^ "O NIKŠIĆU". Mladi Nikšića (in Serbian).
- ^ Hazim Šabanović, Putopis : odlomci o jugoslavenskim zemljama, 1967, https://www.academia.edu/6486045/Evlija_Celebi_Putopis #page=444
- ^ Slobodan Drobnjak Sait Š. Šabotić (February 11, 2017). "Kulturne Prilike I Kulturni Stvaraoci Nikšića Iz Osmanskog Perioda". Sandžačka književnost (in Serbian). Retrieved December 28, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f Boško Roganović (November 12, 2016). "Nikšić kroz istoriju: Džamije". Onogošt (in Serbian). Retrieved December 28, 2018.
- ^ a b Hrabak, Bogumil (2005). "Trebinjski kraj u vreme prvog srpskog ustanka". Trabunia. 11.
- ^ a b Danica-Kaća Čolović (January 8, 2016). "Svaki drevni grad je posebna priča". Novine Nikšića (in Serbian). Retrieved December 28, 2018.
- ^ a b Boško Roganović (April 24, 2016). "Nikšić kroz istoriju: Izgradnja nove varoši". Onogošt (in Serbian). Retrieved December 28, 2018.
- ^ Živko Andrijašević. Istorija Crne Gore. (in Serbian) July 2015. p. 261.
- ^ Vladimir Jovanović (January 16, 2017). "Dvije komitske sudbine". Otvoreni Kulturni Forum (in Serbian). Retrieved December 29, 2018.
- ^ a b c d Boško Roganović (March 10, 2014). ""Ćiro" je stigao u Nikšić". Novine Nikšića (in Serbian). Retrieved December 29, 2018.
- ^ a b Rade Radovanović (May 9, 2014). "Danas: Ljubav je jača od svakog rata i svakog zla" (in Serbian). Retrieved August 11, 2017.
- ^ a b c Ivan Miladinović (January 13, 2015). "Novosti: Peko traži da se gađa Nikšić" (in Serbian). Retrieved August 11, 2017.
- ^ a b c Siniša Luković. "Kad je Nikšić bio Alabama". Vijesti. Archived from the original (via Wayback Machine) on 1 October 2018.
- ^ a b "Retrospektiva: Tako je Tito govorio o Željezari "Boris Kidrič"". Onogošt (in Serbian). May 20, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
- ^ a b "Željezara "Boris Kidrič" Nikšić: Gigant čije ime među metalcima u svijetu izgovara s poštovanjem". Yugopapir (in Serbian). May 1985. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
- ^ Svetlana Mandić. "U Nikšiću obilježeno 18. godina od NATO bombardovanja". Vijesti. Archived from the original (via Wayback Machine) on 27 March 2017.
- ^ Veliša Kadić (February 12, 2018). "Diplomatski Skandal U Crnoj Gori: Sramno prema žrtvama". Večernje novosti (in Serbian). Retrieved December 29, 2018.
- ^ Vladimir Jovanović (March 5, 2010). Брано Мићуновић „сувласник“ Црне Горе. Nova srpska politička misao (in Serbian). Retrieved December 29, 2018.
- ^ "Šešelj za Nedeljnik: Jovica Stanišić mi je spasio život, Brano Mićunović je spremao atentat na mene". Nedeljnik (in Serbian). January 18, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
- ^ Vreme. June 7, 1993. p. 29
- ^ a b Veliša Kadić (May 11, 2011). "Litija duga kilometrima". Večernje novosti (in Serbian). Retrieved December 29, 2018.
- ^ "niksic". travelsradiate: travelsradiate.com. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
- ISSN 1027-5606.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ "Climate: Nikšić" (in Montenegrin). Hydrological and Meteorological Service of Montenegro. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ^ "Dnevni prosjeci i ekstremi" (in Montenegrin). Hydrological and Meteorological Service of Montenegro. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ^ "Climate: Nikšić". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 18 Nov 2023.
- ^ "Preliminary results of the 2023 Census of Population, Households, and Dwellings". Monstat. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ "Popis 2011". Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Popis 2011". Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ Radovinović, Radovan; Bertić, Ivan, eds. (1984). Atlas svijeta: Novi pogled na Zemlju (in Croatian) (3rd ed.). Zagreb: Sveučilišna naklada Liber.
- ^ Vlada Crne Gore (The Government of Montenegro) - U junu 2013. godine Crna Gora dobiće tri nova elektromotorna voza (Serbian) Retrieved November 17, 2011
- ^ ZCG Prevoz - Novosti - U julu 2013. godine, isporuka 3 nova EMV-a Archived 2013-03-06 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved November 2011.
- ^ "Uskotračne željeznice - Grafikoni" [Narrow-gauge railways - Graphs]. zeljeznice.net (in Croatian). Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ "ZCG Prevoz - Nikšić - Titograd (Podgorica)" (PDF). zcg-prevoz.me (in Montenegrin). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 February 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ "Uskotračne željeznice - Hum - Trebinje - Bileća - Nikšić - Titograd/Podgorica" [Narrow-gauge railways - Hum - Trebinje - Bileća - Nikšić - Titograd/Podgorica]. zeljeznice.net (in Croatian). Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ World Parachuting Championships 2010 Archived 2010-04-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Parallelus. "Međunarodna saradnja". Retrieved 2021-01-18.
- ^ "Bratimljenje" (PDF). database.uom.me (in Montenegrin). Zajednica opština Crne Gore. January 2013. p. 29. Retrieved 2019-12-29.
- ^ "Службен гласник на Општина Куманово" (PDF) (in Macedonian). Kumanovo. 26 September 2019. p. 615 (11). Retrieved 5 September 2021.
Books
Vasić, Milan (2005). Naselja na Balkanskom Poluostrvu od XVI do XVIII Vijeka (in Serbian). Banja Luka: Narodna I Univerzitetska Biblioteka Republike Srpske.
External links
- Official website of the municipality of Nikšić (in Montenegrin and English)