Muhammad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
Muhammad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abdul Muhsin bin Abdulaziz | |||||
Monarch | Abdulaziz Saud Faisal | ||||
Born | Riyadh, Emirate of Riyadh | 4 March 1910||||
Died | 25 November 1988 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | (aged 78)||||
Burial | 25 November 1988 Al Oud cemetery, Riyadh | ||||
Spouse | Sara bint Saad bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud | ||||
Issue | List
| ||||
| |||||
Al Jawhara bint Musaed Al Jiluwi | |||||
Occupation |
|
Muhammad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (
Prince Muhammad was a son of
After taking the throne, King Faisal nominated Prince Muhammad as crown prince, but he stepped away from the succession. His younger full brother, Prince Khalid, then became crown prince. Following the assassination of King Faisal in 1975, the members of the royal family council including Prince Muhammad proclaimed Khalid as king. Prince Muhammad was an important advisor to King Khalid. He was a traditionalist who opposed efforts at modernising Saudi Arabia in the late 1970s, believing the reforms would harm the country's traditional Islamic values. He ordered the controversial execution of his granddaughter
Early life
Prince Muhammad was the fourth son of King Abdulaziz
Prince Muhammad was one of three children born to Al Jawhara bint Musaed and King Abdulaziz. His full brother Prince Khalid would later serve as king,
Royal duties
From an early age Prince Muhammad participated in fights during the formation years of the Kingdom with his older brothers and cousins. He and Prince Faisal were given the responsibility for the Ikhwan in mid-1920s.[9][10] In December 1925 Prince Muhammad was named governor of Madinah following the conquest of the city in which he was involved.[11][12] His tenure lasted until 1954.[4]
In early 1932 Prince Muhammad was made acting viceroy of Hejaz due to the long visits of the viceroy Prince Faisal to other countries.
Prince Muhammad and Crown Prince Saud represented King Abdulaziz at the
Prince Muhammad was known as a king-maker.[21] He was a key prince in the coalition against King Saud.[22] He was head of the royal family council and acted as a mediator during the dispute between King Saud and Crown Prince Faisal.[23] He was sent to King Saud's Al Naṣariah Palace in Fall 1964 to demand his and his sons' loyalty to the chosen king, Faisal.[23] On 28 November 1964 Radio Mecca announced the allegiance of eleven of Saud's sons to King Faisal.[23]
Royal advisor
Muhammad bin Abdulaziz was Crown Prince during the first few months (November 1964 – March 1965) of the reign of King Faisal. He then voluntarily stepped aside from the succession to allow his younger and only full brother, Prince Khalid, to become heir apparent to the Saudi throne. However, it is argued by Ayman Al Yassini that it was not a voluntarily move and that Prince Muhammad was forced to step aside from the succession by the senior members of the Al Saud family and the ulema due to his personal characteristics which were considered not to be proper for Wahhabism.[24]
Prince Muhammad's nickname was Abu Sharayn or "the father of two evils" referring to his bad temper and his habit of drinking. In fact, his original nickname was "the father of evil" due to his aggressive and violent character during his youth which was first said by King Abdulaziz.[16][25] In addition, Prince Muhammad was a frequent visitor to the parties in Beirut which he himself did not consider a proper act for a royal.[10] All such traits were the reasons for not being selected as the king by his brothers.[26][27] It is also argued that Prince Muhammad, the oldest surviving son of King Abdulaziz after Faisal, either declined the role of crown prince or was passed over because of his close association with King Saud during the latter's reign.[28]
During the reign of King Khalid, Prince Muhammad was one of the members of the inner family council headed by the King and included his half-brothers
Controversy
Prince Muhammad's granddaughter,
Following the execution, segregation of women became more severe,[36] and the religious police also began patrolling bazaars, shopping malls and any other place where men and women might happen to meet.[37] When Prince Muhammad was later asked if the two deaths were necessary, he said, "It was enough for me that they were in the same room together".[37]
Wealth
Prince Muhammad owned various business interests.
Views
Prince Muhammad objected to King Abdulaziz's appointment of his eldest son, Saud, as crown prince.[39] He sent a letter to his father stating his negative views about Prince Saud's capacity to rule the state.[39]
Following the announcement that Prince Khalid was chosen as crown prince on 29 March 1965 Radio Mecca reported a statement by Prince Muhammad: "I would rather stay away from positions and titles."[40] Prince Muhammad later stated that he would not be a good king if he would have been chosen as the king.[10]
Prince Muhammad led the conservative members of the royal family.[41] They did not support the fast modernization of the society witnessed at the end of the 1970s and thought that modernization and the presence of too many foreign workers in the country would lead to the erosion of traditional Muslim values.[41][42]
Personal life
Muhammad bin Abdulaziz married five times to women linked to the Al Saud family.
Prince Muhammad had twenty-nine children, seventeen sons and twelve daughters.
In the 1940s Prince Muhammad mostly resided in Riyadh and did not stay in Hejaz for long periods.[46] He was fond of hunting with falcons and rifles.[32] He had philanthropic activities and was the founder of many mosques in different places.[32]
Legacy
Ancestry
Ancestors of Muhammad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
References
- .
- ^ ""قصر الحكم" يحتفظ بأجمل الذكريات لأفراد الأسرة ... - جريدة الرياض". Al Riyadh (in Arabic). 23 May 2007. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-88093-859-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-00-034082-2.
- ^ "Personal trips". King Khalid Exhibition. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
- ^ Helen Chapin Metz, ed. (1992). "Saudi Arabia: A Country Study". Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ Joshua Teitelbaum (1 November 2011). "Saudi Succession and Stability". BESA Center Perspectives. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
- ^ "Family Tree of Al Anoud bint Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud". Datarabia. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ISBN 978-1-4381-0476-8.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-68177-718-4.
- ^ Mohammad Zaid Al Kahtani (October 2004). The foreign policy of King Abdulaziz (1927-1953): A study in the international relations of an emerging state (PhD thesis). University of Leeds.
- ^ Talal Sha'yfan Muslat Al Azma (1999). The role of the Ikhwan under 'Abdul'Aziz Al Sa'ud 1916-1934 (PhD thesis). Durham University. p. 170.
- ^ ProQuest 303295482.
- ^ a b Yunan Labib Rizk (2004). "Monarchs in war". Al Ahram Weekly. Archived from the original on 28 February 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
- ^ "Saudi Foreign Policy". Saudi Embassy Magazine. Fall 2001. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Jafar Al Bakl (16 December 2014). "الفحولة وآل سعود... والشرف المراق على جوانبه الدم". Al Akhbar (in Arabic). Retrieved 12 September 2020.
- ^ William A. Eddy (2005). FDR meets Ibn Saud (PDF). Vista: Selwa Press.
- ^ Thomas W. Lippman (April–May 2005). "The Day FDR Met Saudi Arabia's Ibn Saud" (PDF). The Link. 38 (2): 1–12.
- ^ "Riyadh. The capital of monotheism" (PDF). Business and Finance Group. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2009.
- ^ Charles Ralls (25 January 1962). "King Saud arrives here for convalescence stay". Palm Beach Daily News. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
- S2CID 156097022.
- ISBN 0815720513.
- ^ a b c Joseph Mann (2013). "King without a Kingdom: Deposed King Saud and his intrigues". Studia Orientalia Electronica. 1. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020.
- OCLC 896879684.
- ^ Donald S. Inbody (1984). Saudi Arabia and the United States: Perception and Gulf security (MA thesis). Naval Postgraduate School. p. 23.
- ISBN 0-7914-4168-7.
- ISBN 1-58322-610-9.
- .
- S2CID 153974203.
- ISBN 978-1-83860-595-7.
- ^ "Crown Prince Fahd takes control of largest oil-exporting nation". Herald Journal. 14 June 1982. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Prince Muhammad; Son of Saudi Arabia's founder". The Times. No. 63250. 28 November 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
- ^ Simon Henderson (1994). "After King Fahd" (PDF). Washington Institute. Archived from the original (Policy Paper) on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
- ^ "Reigning Royal Families". World Who's Who. Archived from the original on 5 May 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ a b Simon Henderson (August 2009). "After King Abdullah: Succession in Saudi Arabia". The Washington Institute. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
- ^ "King Fahd". Telegraph. 2 August 2005.
- ^ ISBN 9780470182574.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-315-28699-0.
- ^ a b "عورات آل سعود المستورة "ج4" (الانقلاب الأول)". Sasa Post (in Arabic). 30 May 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
- ^ Mohamed Zayyan Aljazairi (1968). Diplomatic history of Saudi Arabia, 1903-1960s (PDF) (MA thesis). The University of Arizona. p. 53.
- ^ JSTOR 2626647.
- JSTOR 45331045.
- S2CID 242347150.
- ^ "أبرزهن شمس البارودي وسهير رمزي.. 5 زيجات للأمير خالد بن سعود". Al Wafd (in Arabic). 7 July 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ John Duke Anthony (3 May 2017). "How the World Turns: Saudi Arabia in Transition". National Council on US-Arab Relations. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
- ^ "File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia' [39r] (77/96), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers". Qatar Digital Library. 13 January 1948. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ "Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital website". Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ProQuest 1497076165. Retrieved 6 September 2020.