Music of Canada

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Music of Canada
Genres
Specific forms
Ethnic music
  • Celtic
  • French
    		•
    Instrumental repertoires
    Canadian fiddle
    Media and performance
    Music awards
    Music charts
    Music festivals
    Music media

    Print media


    Music television

    • ATN B4U Music
    • aux.tv
    • bpm:tv
    • CMT
    • MuchLoud
    • MuchMore
    • MuchMoreRetro
    • MuchMusic
    • MuchVibe
    • MusiMax
    • MusiquePlus
    • PunchMuch
    Nationalistic and patriotic songs
    National anthem
    "O Canada"
    Other
    Anthems and nationalistic
    Regional music

    The music of Canada reflects the diverse influences that have

    Irish, British, and the French have all made unique contributions to the musical heritage of Canada.[2] The music has also subsequently been influenced by American culture because of the proximity between the two countries.[3] Since French explorer Samuel de Champlain arrived in 1605 and established the first permanent French settlements at Port Royal and Québec in 1608, the country has produced its own composers, musicians and ensembles.[4][5]

    Canadian music reflects a

    Juno Awards, which were first awarded in 1970.[10] The Canadian Music Hall of Fame, established in 1976, honours Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements.[11]

    St. Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony and was officially adopted in 1980.[13] Calixa Lavallée wrote the music, which was a setting of a patriotic poem composed by the poet and judge Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier. The text was originally only in French before it was adapted into English in 1906.[14]

    History

    Indigenous music

    Further information:
    Aboriginal music of Canada

    For thousands of years, Canada has been inhabited by

    animal hides.[18] These musical instruments provide the background for songs and dances.[18]

    For many years after European settlement,

    Mi'kmaq First Nations tribe situated near Port Royal, present-day Nova Scotia.[20]

    17th century

    See also: Canadian classical music
    Louis Jolliet – sculpture at the Quebec Parliament.

    Marie-Madeline de Chauvigny de la Peltrie (1603–1671) and are the first Canadian institutions to have music as part of the curriculum.[22]

    The earliest written record of

    Catholic "Episcopal see" in the New World north of Mexico and site of the first documented choir in Canada.[24]

    In what was then known as New France, the first formal ball was given by

    motets around 1640, and a second Canadian-born priest, Charles-Amador Martin, is credited with the plainchant music for the Sacrae familiae felix spectaculum, in celebration of the Holy Family feast day in 1700.[27]

    18th century

    Joseph Quesnel (1746–1809)

    Historically, music was composed in

    Métis, were transmitted orally, from generation to generation and from village to village, thus people felt no need to transcribe or publish them.[28] Printed music was required, for music teachers and their pupils, who were from the privileged minority where domestic music making was considered a proof of gentility.[29] Music publishing and printing in Europe by this time was a thriving industry, but it did not begin in Canada until the 19th century.[30] Canadian composers were not able to focus entirely on creating new music in these years, as most made their living in other musical activities such as leading choirs, church organists and teaching.[31] Regimental bands were musically a part of civil life and typically featured a dozen woodwind and brass instruments, performing at parades, festive ceremonies, minuets, country dances and balls.[32]

    After the 1760s, regular concerts became a part of the cultural landscape, as well as a wide variety of dancing. Operatic excerpts began to appear, and before the end of the century Canada had its first home-grown opera.

    since British rule and by the mid-20th century was, along with "O Canada", one of the country's two de facto national anthems.[36][37][38][39]

    19th century

    See also: Celtic music in Canada

    The beginning of the 19th century Canadian musical ensembles had started forming in great numbers, writing

    Dancing likewise was an extremely popular form of entertainment as noted In 1807 by the Scottish traveler and artist George Heriot
    (1759–1839), who wrote:

    The whole of the Canadian inhabitants are remarkably fond of dancing, and frequently amuse themselves at all seasons with that agreeable exercise.

    — George Heriot, Travels Through the Canadas (1807)
    The Temple of the Children of Peace, where the band played from the second floor.

    Among the earliest musical societies were

    religious sect organized from Upper Canada called the Children of Peace in 1820.[42] In 1833, a student orchestra was organized at the Séminaire de Québec the Société Ste-Cécile, as it was known, and was one of the earliest ensembles of its kind in Lower Canada.[42] The first appearance of a piece of music in a newspaper or magazine was in the pages of the Montreal twice-weekly newspaper, La Minerve, on September 19, 1831.[43] Many immigrants during this time lived in relative isolation and music sometimes obtained through subscriptions to newspapers and magazines, provided entertainment and a life line to civilization.[1] One of the earliest surviving publications in Canada of a song on the piano in sheet music format is "The Merry Bells of England" by J. F. Lehmann, of Bytown (later Ottawa) in 1840.[44] It was published by John Lovell in the literary magazine Literary Garland.[45]

    Alexander Muir (1830–1906)

    The Great Migration of Canada from 1815 to 1850, consisting largely of Irish, and British immigrants, broadened considerably the Canadian musical culture.[46] 1844, Samuel Nordheimer (1824–1912) opened a music store in Toronto selling pianos and soon thereafter began to publish engraved sheet music.[1] Samuel Nordheimers store was among the first and the largest specialized music publisher in the Province of Canada.[47] They initially had the sole right to publish copies of Alexander Muir's "The Maple Leaf Forever" that for many years served as an unofficial Canadian national anthem.[48]

    By the time of Canadian Confederation (1867), songwriting had become a favored means of personal expression across the land. In a society in which most middle-class families now owned a harmonium or piano, and standard education included at least the rudiments of music, the result was often an original song.[49] Such stirrings frequently occurred in response to noteworthy events, and few local or national excitements were allowed to pass without some musical comment.[50][51]

    The 1870s saw several conservatories open their doors, providing their string, woodwind and brass faculty, leading to the opportunity for any class level of society to learn music.

    operettas.[53]

    Calixa Lavallée, (1842–1891)

    "O Canada" was originally commissioned by the

    St. Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony.[54] Calixa Lavallée (1842–1891) wrote the music, which was a setting of a patriotic poem composed by the poet and judge Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier (1839–1920). The text was originally only in French, before it was translated into English from 1906 on.[55]

    Leo, the Royal Cadet a light opera with music by Oscar Ferdinand Telgmann and a libretto by George Frederick Cameron was composed in Kingston, Ontario, in 1889. The work centres on Nellie's love for Leo, a cadet at the Royal Military College of Canada who becomes a hero serving during the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879. The operetta focussed on typical character types, events and concerns of Telgmann and Cameron's time and place.[56]

    20th century

    1900–1929

    R. Nathaniel Dett (1882–1943)

    Prior to the development of the

    Canada's involvement in the First World War.[61] The war was the catalyst for the writing and recording of large numbers of Canadian-written popular songs, some of which achieved lasting international commercial success.[62] The military during World War I produced official music such as regimental marches and songs as well as utilitarian bugle calls. The soldiers had a repertoire of their own, largely consisting of new, often ribald, lyrics to older tunes.[63]

    Murray Adaskin, (1906–2002)

    Canada's first independent record label Compo Company built a pressing plant (the largest of its day) in 1918 at Lachine, Quebec.[64] Compo was originally created to serve the several American independent record companies such as Okeh Records which wanted to distribute records in Canada.[65] The 1920s saw Canada's first radio stations, this allowed Canadian songwriters to contribute some of the most famous popular music of the early 20th century.[66] Canada's first commercial radio station CFCF (formerly XWA) begins broadcasting regularly scheduled programming in Montreal in 1920, followed by CKAC, Canada's first French language radio station, in 1922.[67] By 1923, there were 34 radio stations in Canada[68] and subsequently proliferated at a remarkable rate, and with them spread the popularity of jazz. Jazz became associated with all things modern, sophisticated, and also decadent.[69]

    In 1925, the Canadian Performing Rights Society was formed to administer public performance and

    composer-in-residence at the University of Saskatchewan, the first appointment of this type in Canada.[72]

    The RCA Victor factory located in Montreal, Quebec housed Canada's first recording studio featuring polycylindrical walls which allowed the sounds to reflect in all directions.[73] Studio Victor had artists from across Canada come in and record in both English and French, as well as had many different genres be recorded within their walls such as jazz, chamber music, choirs, classical music, folk and country.[74] The factory is now home to many businesses one being the Musée des ondes Emile Berliner, a museum focused on the work of Berliner, mostly gramophones, flat disks, and later radios when his company merged with RCA, as well as the nature and science of sound waves.[75]

    1930–1959

    See also: Rock music of Canada, Canadian blues, and Canadian country music
    phonograph records, and were the first Canadians to have a #1 single on Billboard's top 100.[78] In 1932, the first Broadcasting Act was passed by Parliament creating the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission. It was to both regulate all broadcasting and create a new national public radio network.[68] 1936, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation came into existence, at the time, a million Canadian households had a radio.[68]

    Emerging from the Great Depression on near equal-footing to

    LPs over his lifetime.[82] Snow was one of the inaugural inductees to the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame started in 2003.[82]

    Queen Elizabeth II, at the opening of the Confederation Centre of the Arts.[85]

    Paul Anka, 2007

    Following World War II a growth phase for Canadian bands was experienced, this time among school bands.[86] Rapid advances in the inclusion of instrumental music study in formal school curricula brought about fundamental changes to the philosophy of the band movement and the type of repertoire available.[86] The CHUM Chart debuted on May 27, 1957, under the name CHUM's Weekly Hit Parade, was in response to the fast-growing diversity of music that needed to be subdivided and categorized.[87] The CHUM charts were the longest-running Top 40 chart in Canada ending in 1986.[88]

    1958 saw its first

    45s in music history.[91] US-born rockabilly pioneer Ronnie Hawkins moved to Canada in 1958, where he became a key player in the Canadian blues and rock scene.[92] The 4th of October was declared "Ronnie Hawkins Day" by the city of Toronto when Hawkins was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame.[93] He was also inducted into the Canadian Music Industry Hall of Fame[94] and his pioneering contribution to rockabilly has been recognized with induction into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.[95]

    1960–1999

    See also: Canadian jazz
    Neil Young, 2009

    London Records, where he worked until February 1964, when he then established RPM weekly trade magazine. From the first issue of RPM Weekly on February 24, 1964, to its final issue on November 13, 2000, RPM was the defining charts in Canada.[100]
    The American and British
    civil rights, the war in Vietnam and the rise of feminism.[102] This led to the Canadian government passing Canadian content legislation to help Canadian artists. On January 18, 1971, regulations came into force requiring AM radio stations to devote 30 percent of their musical selections to Canadian content. Although this was (and still is) controversial, it quite clearly contributed to the development of a nascent Canadian pop star system.[68]

    With the introduction in the mid-1970s of mainstream music on FM radio stations, where it was common practice to program extended performances, musicians were no longer limited to songs of three minutes' duration as dictated by AM stations for decades.[96] Other notable musicians who have been one of the largest Canadian exports include the progressive rock band Rush, Triumph and Bryan Adams.[103][104] In the classical world, homegrown talent Canadian Brass was established in Toronto in 1970.

    Anne Murray

    Country music remained popular in Canada in the 1970s thanks to the CBC's The Tommy Hunter show and the adult contemporary radio format which benefited the international stardom of Anne Murray. However, the more mainstream sound would hinder Stompin' Tom Connors until he would have a revival in the 1990s.

    Canada's first nationwide music awards began as a reader poll conducted by Canadian music industry trade magazine RPM Weekly in December 1964.[105] A similar balloting process continued until 1970 when the RPM Gold Leaf Awards, as they were then known, were changed to the Juno Awards.[105] The Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences held the first Juno Award ceremony in 1975.[106] This was in response to rectifying the same concerns about promotion of Canadian artists that the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission had.[105]

    Bryan Adams, 2009

    Canadian music changed course in the 1980s and 1990s, the changing fast-paced culture was accompanied by an explosion in

    music critic", coverage began to rival that of any other topic. Canadian publications devoted to all styles of music either exclusively or in tandem with more general editorial content directed to young readers, was expanding exponentially.[108]

    The influence and innovations of

    VideoFACT, a fund to help emerging artists produce their videos.[111]

    Canadian women at the end of the 20th century enjoyed greater international commercial success than ever before.

    French-Canadian singer, Celine Dion, who became Canada's best-selling music artist,[114][115] and who, in 2004, received the Chopard Diamond Award from the World Music Awards for surpassing 175 million in album sales, worldwide.[116][117][118][119]

    21st century

    See also: Caribbean music in Canada and Canadian hip hop
    Michael Bublé in February 2011

    The turn of the millennium was a time of incredible nationalism, at least as far as

    Compact Cassette (expensive to manufacture).[124] Shortly thereafter, the Internet allowed musicians to directly distribute their music, thus bypassing the selection of the old-fashioned "record label".[27][125] Canada's mainstream music industry has suffered as a result of the internet and the boom of independent music. The drop in annual sales between 1999, the year that Napster's unauthorized peer-to-peer file sharing service launched,[126] and the end of 2004 was $465 million.[127]

    Drake performing at the Summer Sixteen Tour in Toronto in 2016

    In 2007, Canada joined the controversial Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement talks,[128] whose outcome will[speculation?] have a significant impact on the Canadian music industry.[127][129] In 2010 Canada introduced new copyright legislation.[130] The amended law makes hacking digital locks illegal, but enshrine into law the ability of purchasers to record and copy music from a CD to portable devices.[130]

    The early 2000s saw Canadian independent artists continue to expand their audience into the United States and beyond.

    Drake, The Weeknd, Shawn Mendes and Justin Bieber reached new heights in terms of international success, while dominating the American music charts.[132] The late 2010s and early 2020 saw the deaths of Gord Downie of The Tragically Hip and Neil Peart of Rush
    .

    Anthems

    Sheet music for Canada's national anthem. O Canada
    Main article: Anthems and nationalistic songs of Canada

    Patriotic music in Canada dates back over 200 years as a distinct category from British patriotism, preceding the first legal steps to independence by over 50 years. The earliest, "The Bold Canadian", was written in 1812.[133]

    Accolades

    Shania Twain holding her 2011 Juno Award

    The Canadian Music Hall of Fame established in 1976 honours Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements.[139] The ceremony is held each year as part of Canada's main annual music industry awards, the Juno Awards.[140]

    The

    Governor General's Performing Arts Awards for Lifetime Artistic Achievement are the foremost honours presented for excellence in the performing arts, in the categories of dance, classical music, popular music, film, and radio and television broadcasting.[141] They were initiated in 1992 by then Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn, and winners receive $25,000 and a medal struck by the Royal Canadian Mint.[142]

    Canada also has many specific music awards, both for different genres and for geographic regions:

    Cultural and regional

    Music of Canada (by province or territory)
    Main articles: Music of Canadian cultures and Canadian music genres

    Distinctive music scenes have been an integral part of the cultural landscape of Canada. With Canada being vast in size, the country throughout its history has had regional music scenes, with a wide and diverse accumulation of styles and genres from many different individual communities, such as Inuit music, music of the Maritimes and Canadian fiddle music.[143]

    See also

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    Further reading

    External links

    Wikimedia Commons has media related to Music of Canada.
    Wikiquote has quotations related to music.