Mycena overholtsii

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Mycena overholtsii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Mycenaceae
Genus: Mycena
Species:
M. overholtsii
Binomial name
Mycena overholtsii
A.H.Sm. & Solheim (1953)
Mycena overholtsii
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Gills on hymenium
Cap is convex
Hymenium is adnate or adnexed
saprotrophic
Edibility is unknown

Mycena overholtsii, commonly known as the snowbank fairy helmet or fuzzy foot, is a species of

Rocky Mountain and Cascade regions, it was reported for the first time in Japan in 2010. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown. M. overholtsii can be distinguished from other comparable species by differences in location, or spore
size.

History and naming

The species was first described by mycologists

specific epithet honors the early 20th-century American mycologist Lee Oras Overholts.[2] It is commonly known as the "snowbank fairy helmet",[3] or "fuzzy foot",[4] although it shares the latter name with Tapinella atrotomentosa[5] and Xeromphalina campanella.[6] M. overholtsii has been given the Japanese name yukitsutsumikunugitake.[7]

Description

View of the gills and tomentose stem
The cap of this mature specimen has a broad umbo, and radial striations on the margin.

Mycena overholtsii produces some of the largest mushrooms of the genus Mycena.[8] They have caps that are 1.5 to 5 cm (1⁄2 to 2 in) in diameter, and convex in shape, developing an umbo (a central protrusion resembling a nipple) in maturity. The cap surface is smooth, moist, and marked with radial striations.[9] The caps are somewhat hygrophanous, and depending on age and state of hydration, range in color from brown or grayish-brown,[10] to dark or bluish-gray. The mushroom flesh is thin and watery, with a light gray color.[2]

The gills have an adnate, adnexed, or shallowly decurrent attachment to the stem, and are initially closely spaced before becoming well-spaced at maturity.[11] They have a whitish to pale gray color, and will stain gray when they are bruised.[12] There are three or four tiers of lamellulae (short gills that do not extend fully from the cap margin to the stem) interspersed between the gills.[11] The stem is 4 to 15 cm (1+1⁄2 to 6 in) long by 0.3 to 1 cm (1⁄8 to 3⁄8 in) thick, and tapers upward so that the stem apex is slightly thinner than the base.[9] It can be straight or curved, has cartilage-like flesh, and is hollow in maturity.[11] When growing on soft, well-decayed wood, the stem often penetrates deeply into the substrate.[3] The stem is pinkish-brown in color, and the lower half is tomentose – densely covered with white, woolly hairs.[10] The mushroom has a yeast-like odor and a mild taste;[13] its edibility is unknown,[10] but it is not considered poisonous.[9]

Microscopic characteristics

Viewed in deposit, as with a

cystidia on the gill edge), which are scattered and interspersed with basidia, are roughly cylindric to fusoid (spindle-shaped), smooth, hyaline (translucent), and measure 45–65 by 2–5.5 μm. Pleurocystidia (cystidia on the gill face) are uncommon, and similar in appearance to the cheilocystidia. The cap cuticle is an ixocutis (a fungal tissue type in which the hyphae are gelatinous and lie flat) with mostly smooth hyphae that are 1.5–3.5 μm in diameter. The cap flesh is dextrinoid, meaning it will turn reddish-brown in Melzer's reagent. Clamp connections are present in the hyphae of M. overholtsii.[13]

Similar species

M. maculata
M. galericulata

Other similar mycenas that grow in clusters on wood include M. maculata and M. galericulata. The fruit bodies of M. maculata often develop red stains as they mature, but this characteristic is inconsistent and cannot be reliably used for identification. Its spores are larger than that of M. overholtsii, measuring 7–10 by 4–6 μm.[14] M. galericulata is very similar in appearance to M. maculata, but does not undergo reddish staining; its spores are 8–12 by 5.5–9 μm.[14] Another similar species is M. semivestipes,[15] which can be distinguished by its bleach-like odor, an eastern North American distribution, fruiting season during summer and autumn, and small spores measuring 4–5 by 2.5–3 μm.[16]

Habitat and distribution

This species is sometimes found singly, but more often in clusters on well-rotted

Jezo spruce (Picea jezoensis).[7] In North America, the mushroom usually appears between March and July;[13] Japanese collections were made in May.[7] The fruiting period can be prolonged, especially in areas with heavy snowfall,[19] or at high elevations where the snowmelt is delayed.[9]

References

  1. ^ Smith AH, Solheim WG (1953). "New and unusual fleshy fungi from Wyoming". Madroño. 12 (4): 103–9.
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-1-56579-192-3
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 0-395-91090-0
    .
  4. ^ Cripps C. (2009). "Snowbank fungi revisited" (PDF). Fungi. 2 (1): 47–53.
  5. ISBN 978-0-271-02891-0
    .
  6. ISBN 978-0-8156-3112-5
    .
  7. ^
    ISSN 0023-6152
    .
  8. ^ a b Castellano MA, O'Dell T (1997). Management Recommendations for Survey and Manage (Group 16). Survey and Manage Program of the Northwest Forest Plan (Report). U.S. Department of the Interior: Bureau of Land Management. Retrieved 2011-06-13.
  9. ^
    ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1
    .
  10. ^
    ISBN 0-520-03656-5
    .
  11. ^ a b c d Wood M, Stevens F. "Mycena overholtzii". California Fungi. MykoWeb. Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2011-06-13.
  12. ^
    ISBN 1-55407-115-1
    .
  13. ^ a b c d Castellano MA, Smith JE, O'Dell T, Cázares E, Nugent S (1999). Handbook to Strategy 1 Fungal Species in the Northwest Forest Plan. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-476 (PDF) (Report). Portland, Oregon: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. p. S1-73.
  14. ^
    ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5
    .
  15. ^ Maas Geesteranus RS. (1992). "Mycenas of the Northern Hemisphere". Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde. 90 (2): 284.
  16. ^ Kuo M. (September 2010). "Mycena semivestipes". MushroomExpert.com. Retrieved 2011-06-13.
  17. S2CID 86055421
    .
  18. ISBN 978-0-89054-099-2
    .
  19. ISBN 0-472-85610-3
    .

External links

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