Nasonia
Nasonia | |
---|---|
Nasonia vitripennis | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Pteromalidae |
Subfamily: | Pteromalinae |
Genus: | Nasonia Ashmead, 1904 |
Species | |
Nasonia giraulti | |
Synonyms | |
Mormoniella Ashmead, 1904 |
Nasonia are a genus of small pteromalid parasitoid wasps that sting and lay eggs in the pupae of various flies. The fly species that Nasonia usually parasitize are primarily blow flies and flesh flies, making Nasonia a useful tool for biocontrol of these pest flies. The small match-head sized wasps are also referred to as jewel wasps based on the emerald sheen of their exoskeleton (visible in the adjacent image).
The wasp genus has acquired genes from the
There are currently four described species in the genus Nasonia, N. vitripennis, N. longicornis, N. giraulti, and N. oneida.[3] N. vitripennis is found worldwide; N. giraulti is found in eastern North America and N. longicornis is found in western North America. N. oneida was the most recently discovered, having been distinguished from N. giraulti as a separate species in 2010.[4]
Nasonia development
Upon encountering a suitable pupal host the Nasonia female uses her
Unlike the venom of
After seven days the larvae stop feeding and move into the pupal stage where they remain for another 7 days, leading to a total developmental time from egg to adult of approximately 14 days at 25 °C. The Nasonia males, which emerge several hours before the females, escape by chewing small holes in the hosts puparium. The males wait by the escape holes for the emerging females (typically their sisters) upon which they immediately court in the attempt at mating.[6]
Genomics
In 2010 the Nasonia genome was announced after work over four years by an international consortium of research groups financed by the National Human Genome Research Institute.[1][7] It is expected that the discovery will lead to applications in pest control.
References
- ^ a b Tiny wasp with potential for big impact, SFGate, David Perlman, Chronicle Science Editor.
- ^ Oliveira, D. C. S. G., Raychoudhury, R., Lavrov, D. V., Werren, J. H. (2008). Rapidly evolving mitochondrial genome and directional selection in mitochondrial genes in the parasitic wasp Nasonia (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Mol. Biol. Evol. 25: 2167–2180.
- ^ "Species in genus Nasonia". Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Natural History Museum, London.
- ^ Raychoudhury, R., Desjardins, C. A., Buellesbach, J., Loehlin, D. W., Grillenberger, B. K., Beukeboom, L., Schmitt, T., Werren, J. H. (2010). Behavioral and genetic characteristics of a new species of Nasonia. Heredity. 104: 278-288.
- ^ Rivers and Denlinger, Journal of Insect Physiology Volume 40, Issue 3, March 1994, Pages 207–215
- ^ Werren, J. H. 1980. Sex ratio adaptations to local mate competition in a parasitic wasp. Science 208:1157–1159
- PMID 20075255
External links
- Nasoniabase
- Nasonia resources hosted at the University of Rochester
- Nasonia resources hosted by Massey University