North American X-10
X-10 | |
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X-10 at the Wright Patterson Air Force Base
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Role | Experimental aircraft |
National origin | United States |
Manufacturer | North American Aviation |
First flight | 14 October 1953 |
Retired | 1958 |
Primary user | United States Air Force |
Number built | 13 |
The North American X-10 (originally designated RTV-A-5) was an unmanned technology demonstrator developed by North American Aviation. It was a subscale reusable design that included many of the design features of the SM-64 Navaho missile. The X-10 was similar to the development of the Bell X-9 Shrike project, which was based on features of the GAM-63 RASCAL.
Development
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/The_X-10_deployed_a_parachute_to_shorten_its_landing_roll.jpg/220px-The_X-10_deployed_a_parachute_to_shorten_its_landing_roll.jpg)
To facilitate development of the long-range Navaho surface-to-surface cruise missile, North American Aviation (NAA) developed the RTV-A-5 (Research Test Vehicle, Air Force), or X-10 in 1951. This vehicle was to prove critical flight technology for the design of the Navaho cruise missile. These included proving the basic aerodynamics to Mach 2, flight testing the inertial guidance unit and flight control avionics to the same speed, and validate the recovery system for the next phase in the Navaho program. Preliminary design of the X-10 was completed in February 1951 and the first vehicle was delivered to Edwards Air Force Base in May 1953. The first flight occurred on 14 October 1953.[1]
The X-10 was powered by two
Operational history
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/North_American_X-10_USAF.jpg/220px-North_American_X-10_USAF.jpg)
At the time it entered service, the X-10 was one of the fastest turbojet-powered aircraft flown. From 1953 to 1955 a total of five X-10s flew 15 flights at Edwards AFB. There it reached a maximum flight speed of
Disposition
Of all the X-10s built, only one survived the test program: serial 51-9307, the first X-10 to fly. Of the other four aircraft that flew at Edwards AFB, one exploded on takeoff, one was lost in flight, and the remaining two were destroyed in landing accidents. As for the vehicles flown at Cape Canaveral, three were expended in planned dive-in flights against
In 1958, the remaining three Cape Canaveral X-10s were selected for use as high speed targets for the BOMARC surface-to-air missile. The plan was to recover and reuse the X-10, not to have them shot down by the BOMARC. None of these vehicles completed their target flight: two were lost when landing and the third suffered a mechanical problem forcing it to be flown into the Atlantic.
Surviving aircraft
The sole surviving X-10 s/n GM 19307 is located at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. This was the first X-10 to fly. The aircraft was delivered to the Air Force Museum in 1957, upon completion of the program. It is displayed in the museum's Research & Development Hangar.[3]
Notable appearances in media
The 1960s series
Specifications (X-10)
General characteristics
- Crew: None
- Length: 77 ft (23 m)
- Wingspan: 28 ft 2 in (8.59 m)
- Height: 14 ft 5 in (4.39 m)
- Wing area: 425 sq ft (39.5 m2)
- Airfoil: NACA 66-006 (mod)
- Empty weight: 25,800 lb (11,703 kg)
- Gross weight: 35,000 lb (15,876 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 42,300 lb (19,187 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × Westinghouse XJ40-WE-1 turbojets, 10,900 lbf (48 kN) thrust each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 1,300 mph (2,100 km/h, 1,100 kn)
- Service ceiling: 45,000 ft (14,000 m)
- Rate of climb: 5,224 ft/min (26.54 m/s)
See also
Related development
References
Notes
- ISBN 0-7643-0048-2.
- ^ Miller 2001, pp. 138–139.
- ^ "North American X-10". National Museum of the United States Air Force. 21 October 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
Bibliography
- Miller, Jay. The X-Planes: X-1 to X-29. Marine on St Croix, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 1983. ISBN 0-933424-35-3.
- Miller, Jay. The X-Planes: X-1 to X-45. Sittingbourne, UK: Midland Counties Publishing, 2001. ISBN 978-1-85780-109-5.
- Werrell, Kenneth P. The Evolution of the Cruise Missile. Montgomery, Alabama: Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base. 1998, First edition 1995. ISBN 978-1-58566-005-6.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- North American RTV-A-5/X-10 at Designation-Systems.Net