Northern brown howler
Northern brown howler | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Primates |
Suborder: | Haplorhini |
Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
Family: | Atelidae |
Genus: | Alouatta |
Species: | |
Subspecies: | A. g. guariba
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Trinomial name | |
Alouatta guariba guariba (
Humboldt , 1812) |
The northern brown howler (Alouatta guariba guariba) is the type subspecies of the
Distribution and habitat
The northern brown howler is endemic to the Minas Gerais province of Brazil and the southern part of Bahia state. Its range extends from the Atlantic coast to the Rio Pardo and Águas Vermelhas in the north, and to the Jequitinhonha River and Virgem da Lapa to the west and south, largely delineated by the inland extent of the coastal rainforest belt. Although mainly living in the canopy of primary forest, it can adapt to secondary forest and other disturbed habitats. It may also be present in the northern part of Espírito Santo province, and appears to have had a wider range in the past.[1]
The northern brown howler is present in several protected areas, including the Mata Escura Biological Reserve, where the critically endangered northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) and the endangered golden-bellied capuchin (Sapajus xanthosternos) are also found. However, this reserve is close to rural settlements and subject to illegal logging, hunting and increased incidence of wildfires. The monkey may also be present in other protected areas, but this is uncertain, because the subspecies' southern distributional limit is unclear.[1]
Ecology
Brown howlers are known for the loud roars they make which can be heard from at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) away. They live in the canopy in small social groups and the males are larger than the females. The long tail is prehensile; the underside near the tip is devoid of hair and the monkey can hang from its tail while feeding.[3] Brown howlers primarily eat leaves and fruit from a wide range of trees, shrubs, lianas and vines; particularly favoured are Ficus, Zanthoxylum and Eugenia but the monkeys seem quite flexible in their diet,[4] and also consume stems, buds, flowers, seeds and moss.[5]
Status
The
References
- ^ . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- PMID 26147203.
- ^ "Brown howling monkey (Alouatta guariba)". ARKive. Archived from the original on 2006-04-22. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
- S2CID 40628968.
- . Retrieved 13 November 2021.