Oh-My-God particle
![Sky map](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jupiter_and_moon.png/20px-Jupiter_and_moon.png)
The Oh-My-God particle was an
Speed
It is not known what kind of particle it was, but most cosmic rays are protons. If is the
Collision energy
The energy of the particle was some 40 million times that of the highest-energy protons that have been produced in any terrestrial particle accelerator. However, only a small fraction of this energy was available for its interaction with a nucleus in the Earth's atmosphere, with most of the energy remaining in the form of kinetic energy of the center of mass of the products of the interaction. If is the mass of the "target" nucleus, the energy available for such a collision is[5]
which for large is approximately
For the Oh-My-God particle hitting a nitrogen nucleus, this gives 2900 TeV, which is roughly 200 times higher than the highest collision energy of the Large Hadron Collider, in which two high-energy particles going opposite directions collide.[6][7] In the center-of-mass frame of reference (which moved at almost the speed of light in our frame of reference), the products of the collision would therefore have had around 2900 TeV of energy, enough to transform the nucleus into many particles, moving apart at almost the speed of light even in this center-of-mass frame of reference. As with other cosmic rays, this generated a cascade of relativistic particles as the particles interacted with other nuclei.
Comparisons
![]() | This section possibly contains original research. (April 2023) |
The Oh-My-God particle's energy was estimated as (3.2±0.9)×1020
The Oh-My-God particle had 1020 (100
High energy, but far below the Planck scale
While the particle's energy was higher than anything achieved in terrestrial accelerators, it was still about 40 million times lower than the
Later similar events
Since the first observation, hundreds of similar events (energy 5.7×1019 eV or greater) have been recorded, confirming the phenomenon.[9][10] These ultra-high-energy cosmic ray particles are very rare; the energy of most cosmic ray particles is between 107 eV and 1010 eV.
More recent studies using the Telescope Array Project have suggested a source of the particles within a 20 degree radius "warm spot" in the direction of the constellation Ursa Major.[3][10][11]
The Amaterasu particle, named after the sun goddess in Japanese mythology, was detected in 2021 and later identified in 2023, using the Telescope Array observatory in Utah, United States. It had an energy exceeding 240 exa-electron volts (2.4×1020 eV).[12] This particle appears to have emerged from the Local Void, an empty area of space bordering the Milky Way galaxy.[13] It contained an amount of energy comparable to dropping a brick from the height of the waist. No promising astronomical object matching the direction from which the cosmic ray arrived has been identified.[14]
See also
- Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin limit – Theoretical upper limit on the energy of cosmic ray protons
- Ursa Major Cluster – Galaxy cluster of the Virgo Supercluster
- HZE ion – High-energy, heavy ions of cosmic origin
- Solar energetic particles – High-energy particles from the Sun
- Amaterasu particle (2021) – 240 Eev
References
- S2CID 119092012.
- ^ "HiRes - The High Resolution Fly's Eye Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray Observatory". H i R e s / High Resolution Fly's Eye. University of Utah. The highest energy particle ever recorded. Archived from the original on August 15, 2009. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
- ^ from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
- ^ Jonathan O’Callaghan (May 30, 2023). "We are finally closing in on the cosmic origins of the 'OMG particle'". New Scientist. Archived from the original on June 9, 2023. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
- ISBN 9781493908851. Retrieved February 6, 2024 – via Google Books.
- ^ Jowett, John (November 2015). "Lead-ion collisions: The LHC achieves a new energy record". CERN Bulletin. Archived from the original on August 26, 2023. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
- ^ Nerlich, Steve (June 13, 2011). "Oh-My-God particles". Universe Today. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019 – via phys.org.
- (PDF) from the original on June 19, 2023. Retrieved June 19, 2023.
- S2CID 254070054.
- ^ S2CID 118481211.
- ISSN 0036-8075. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.)
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: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link - ^ Conover, Emily (January 13, 2024). "A high-energy cosmic ray hails from the void". Science News: 5.
- ^ Devlin, Hannah (November 24, 2023). "'What the heck is going on?' Extremely high-energy particle detected falling to Earth". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 24, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
- Cosmosmagazine.com. November 24, 2023. Archivedfrom the original on November 24, 2023. Retrieved November 24, 2023.