Oil Creek State Park
Oil Creek State Park | |
---|---|
![]() A historic recreation of a wooden oil derrick at Oil Creek State Park | |
Location of Oil Creek State Park in Pennsylvania | |
Location | Venango County, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
Coordinates | 41°32′30″N 79°38′59″W / 41.54167°N 79.64972°W |
Area | 6,250 acres (25.3 km2) |
Elevation | 1,407 ft (429 m)[1] |
Established | 1931[2] |
Governing body | Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources |
Website | Oil Creek State Park |
Oil Creek State Park is a
Oil Creek State Park was chosen by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) and its Bureau of Parks as one of "25 Must-See Pennsylvania State Parks".[3]
History
The history of Oil Creek State Park is tied to the rise and fall of the oil industry in northwestern Pennsylvania. What is now a wild second growth forest with several cold water fishery creeks flowing through it, was once the site of the vast oil industry that changed the landscape and water quality of the Oil Creek Valley.[2] Titusville, to the north of Oil Creek State Park, was a slow-growing community, lying along the banks of Oil Creek until the 1850s. Lumber was the principal industry with at least 17 sawmills in the area.[2]
Oil was known to exist here, but there was no practical way to extract it. Its main use to that time had been as a medicine for both animals and humans. In the late 1850s
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Oil_Creek_State_Park_Oil_Barge.jpg/220px-Oil_Creek_State_Park_Oil_Barge.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Petroleum_Center.jpg/220px-Petroleum_Center.jpg)
Other oil-related businesses quickly were built in the area. Eight refineries were built between 1862 and 1868. Drilling tools were needed and several iron works were built. Titusville grew from 250 residents to 10,000 almost overnight and in 1866 it incorporated as a city. The first oil millionaire, a resident of Titusville, was Jonathan Watson who owned the land where Drake's well was drilled. The same land is now part of Oil Creek State Park and the Drake Well Museum.[2]
Fire was always a concern around oil and one of the worst fires was on June 11, 1880. What came to be known as "Black Friday" happened when almost 300,000 barrels (48,000 m3) of oil burned after an oil tank was hit by
With oil declining in importance, the Oil Creek area settled into an era of slower growth, with lumber eventually returning as its major industry until the hills and valleys were clear cut. Oil Creek State Park was part of a vast effort to reclaim the forests of Pennsylvania. The young men of the Civilian Conservation Corps established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression worked to clear the forest and streams of dried brush, and replant the forests. They also built state roads, bridges and state park facilities. Through the efforts of the CCC and the later years of water and forest management, Oil Creek State Park is once again a wild area with a thriving wildlife population, diverse second growth forest, and crystal clean streams.[2]
The state does not own most of the
Geology
Most of the oil produced in northwestern Pennsylvania was formed in
The majority of the oil wells in the vicinity of the Oil Creek valley tapped into a sandstone formation known as the Venango Third sand.[7] The Venango Third contained large volumes of oil under high pressure at only 450 to 550 feet (140 to 170 m) below ground level.[7] Other oil-producing formations in the area were "the Venango First and Second [sands], the latter often prevailing after the Third sand was lost."[7]
Recreation
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Phot_oilcreek2.jpg/220px-Phot_oilcreek2.jpg)
The park offers picnicking, canoeing, fishing, backpacking, cross-country skiing, and bicycling (the last along a paved 9.4 miles (15.1 km)
Oil Creek is popular with canoeists and anglers. The creek is rated as a beginners creek for those interested in learning how to safely use canoes and kayaks. Oil Creek is a cold water fishery with bass and trout living in its waters. All anglers are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission.[2]
There are about 6,250 acres (2,530 ha) open to hunting at Oil Creek State Park. Hunters are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the Pennsylvania Game Commission. The most common game species are eastern cottontail rabbits, ruffed grouse, eastern gray squirrels, wild turkey and white-tailed deer. The hunting of groundhogs is prohibited.[2]
Nearby state parks
The following state parks are within 30 miles (48 km) of Oil Creek State Park:[9][10][11]
- Maurice K. Goddard State Park (Mercer County)
- Chapman State Park (Warren County)
- Cook Forest State Park (Clarion, Forest and Jefferson Counties)
- Clear Creek State Park (Jefferson County)
See also
- The Oil Region
- Pithole, Pennsylvania
- Gerard Hiking Trail
References
- ^ "Oil Creek State Park". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. August 30, 1990. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Oil Creek State Park". Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on October 10, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
- ^ "Find a Park: 25 Must-see Parks". Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
- ^ Hopey, Don (May 3, 2009). "Goddard State Park's gas wells may be first of hundreds: Where mineral rights are privately owned, Pennsylvania officials can't prevent drilling". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
- ^ a b Caplinger 1997, p. 6.
- ^ Caplinger 1997, p. 4.
- ^ a b c Pees 1998, p. 15.
- ^ "Hiking at Oil Creek State Park". Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
- ^ "Find a Park by Region (interactive map)". Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
- ^ Michels, Chris (1997). "Latitude/Longitude Distance Calculation". Northern Arizona University. Retrieved April 23, 2008.
- ^ 2007 General Highway Map Venango County Pennsylvania (PDF) (Map). 1:65,000. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Research, Geographic Information Division. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2007. Note: shows Oil Creek State Park
Sources
- Caplinger, Michael W (1997). "Allegheny National Forest Oil Heritage". Historic American Engineering Record. National Park Service. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
- Darrah, William Culp (1972). Pithole, the vanished city. LCCN 72078194.
- Pees, Samuel T (Spring 1998). "Oil Creek's Riparian Wells" (PDF). Pennsylvania Geology. 29 (1). Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources: 14–18. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 20, 2004. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- "Oil Creek State Park official map" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2012. (765.1 KB)
- Allegheny Valley Trails Association Site
- Oil Creek & Titusville Railroad Site