Olonets Governorate

Coordinates: 61°47′00″N 34°21′00″E / 61.7833°N 34.3500°E / 61.7833; 34.3500
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Olonets Governorate
Олонецкая губерния
Russian SFSR
1801–1922
1897
) 		364,156
History 
• Established
September 21 1801
• Disestablished
September 18 1922
Political subdivisionsuezds: 7 (1922), 4
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Novgorod Governorate
Arkhangel Governorate
Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Olonets Governorate

guberniya) of the Russian Empire, extending from Lake Ladoga almost to the White Sea, bounded west by Finland, north and east by Arkhangelsk and Vologda, and south by Novgorod and Saint Petersburg. The area was 57,422 km2, of which 6,794 km2 were covered by lakes.[1]

Geology

Its north-western portion belonged

glaciation, either in the shape of scratchings and elongated grooves on the rocks, or of eskers (asar, selgas) running parallel to the glacial striations.[1]

Hydrology

Many lakes occupied the depressions, while a great many more had left evidences of their existence in the extensive marshes. Lake Onega covers 3,764 m2, and reaches a depth of 400 ft (120 m). Lakes

Svir River and receive numerous streams; of these the Vytegra, which communicates with the Mariinsk canal-system, and the Oyat, an affluent of Lake Ladoga, are important for navigation.[1]

Climate and Fauna

Large quantities of timber, firewood, stone, metal and flour were annually shipped on waters belonging to this governorate. The

Onega River, which has its source in the south-east of the governorate and flows into the White Sea, is of minor importance.[1]

Sixty-three percent of the area of Olonets was occupied by forests; those of the Crown, maintained for shipbuilding purposes, extended to more than 800,000 acres (3,000 km2).[1]

The climate is harsh and moist, the average yearly temperature at Petrozavodsk (61 8' N.) being 33.6 °F (1 °C). 12.0 °F (−11 °C) in January, 57.4 °F (14 °C) in July; but the thermometer rarely falls below 30 °F (−1 °C).[1]

Population

The population, which numbered 321,250 in 1881, reached 367,902 in 1897, and 401,100 (estimate) in 1906.

Roman Catholic
.

Industries

timber, next to which come fishing and hunting. Mushrooms and berries were exported to St. Petersburg. There were quarries and iron-mines, saw-mills, tanneries, iron-works, distilleries, and flour-mills. More than one-fifth of the entire male population left their homes every year in search of temporary employment.[1]

Administration division

Olonets Governorate was divided into seven

Peter the Great in 1701–1714.[1]

History

Olonets was colonized by

Muscovy in the second half of the 15th century.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Olonets". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 91–92.
  2. ^ "Demoscope Weekly - Annex. Statistical indicators reference".
  1. ^

61°47′00″N 34°21′00″E / 61.7833°N 34.3500°E / 61.7833; 34.3500

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