Orson Hyde
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2018) |
Orson Hyde | |
---|---|
President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | |
December 27, 1847 | – April 10, 1875|
Predecessor | Brigham Young |
Successor | John Taylor |
End reason | John Taylor replaced Hyde as President of the Quorum[1] |
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | |
June 27, 1839 | – November 28, 1878|
vote of the church | |
LDS Church Apostle | |
February 15, 1835 | – November 28, 1878|
Called by | Three Witnesses |
Reason | Initial organization of Quorum of the Twelve |
End reason | Death[2] |
Reorganization at end of term | Moses Thatcher ordained |
Personal details | |
Born | Oxford, Connecticut, United States | January 8, 1805
Died | November 28, 1878 Spring City, Utah Territory, United States | (aged 73)
Orson Hyde (January 8, 1805 – November 28, 1878) was a leader in the early Latter Day Saint movement and a member of the first Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. He was the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 to 1875 and was a missionary of the LDS Church in the United States, Europe, and the Ottoman Empire.
Early life
Hyde was born on January 8, 1805,
Church membership and service
When
Hyde was present for the founding of the School of the Prophets in 1833. He then marched with Zion's Camp in 1834 and became one of the members of the first presiding high council in Kirtland, Ohio. He was ordained an apostle of the church on February 15, 1835, as one of the original Quorum of the Twelve,[4] being fifth in seniority.[citation needed] David Whitmer, Oliver Cowdery, and Martin Harris performed Hyde's ordination.[6] After becoming an apostle, Hyde served additional missions to Vermont, New Hampshire, New York, and Canada.[6] He also embarked on a mission with Heber C. Kimball to Great Britain in 1837, returning home in 1838.[4] Their efforts were successful in bringing approximately 1,500 converts to the faith.[6]
Upon returning from Britain, Hyde found the church in a period of persecution and internal dissension. He wrote that he felt God was no longer with the church. He left the church on October 19, 1838, with
The testimony of Marsh and Hyde added to the panic in northwestern
Because he had signed the Richmond affidavit with Marsh, Hyde was disfellowshipped (disciplined, but not removed from membership) in 1838.[13] On May 4, 1839, he was removed from the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.[4] The leadership of the church invited Hyde and William Smith to explain their actions. On June 27, Hyde returned to the church and publicly explained himself, recanting his affidavit and asking to be restored.[13] He was readmitted into the Quorum on June 27, 1839, in Nauvoo, Illinois.[4]
Mission to Jerusalem
Orson Hyde's mission to Jerusalem began as early as 1832, when Hyde, a newly baptized member of the Church eager to know the will of the Lord, sought direction from the Prophet. In a blessing Hyde received in 1832 at the hands of the prophet Joseph Smith, Hyde was told, “Thou shalt go to Jerusalem . . . and be a watchman unto the house of Israel; and by thy hands shall the Most High do a good work, which shall prepare the way, and greatly facilitate the gathering together of that people.”[14]
Eight years after receiving this blessing, Orson Hyde had a vision in March 1840 in which the Spirit told him he was to visit the cities of London, Amsterdam, Constantinople, and Jerusalem, and that in Jerusalem he was to declare to those of Judah that they must "gather together," "assemble yourselves," and "go into the defenced cities."[15] One month after this vision, on April 6, 1840, Orson Hyde spoke at a general conference for the Church in Nauvoo, Illinois.[16] In his address, Hyde said that “it had been prophesied, some years ago [referring to his 1832 blessing], that he had a great work to perform among the Jews; and that he had recently been moved upon by the Spirit of the Lord to visit that people.”[17] When Hyde concluded speaking, Joseph Smith motioned to those in attendance at the conference and resolved that Hyde should proceed on a mission to Jerusalem.[16] This Hyde did with a prayer on October 24, 1841, in which he dedicated the Holy Land for the return of the Jews.[3]
According to the minutes from the April 6, 1840 general conference, at which Hyde was dispatched, "Elder John E. Page then rose, and spoke with much force on the subject of Elder Hyde’s mission,"[17] and on the last day of the conference, Joseph Smith “stated that since Elder Hyde had been appointed to visit the Jews, he had felt an impression that it would be well for Elder John E. Page to accompany him on his mission.”[16] The two elders, Hyde and Page, left Nauvoo and embarked on their mission on 15 April 1840.[18] For the following months, Hyde and Page traveled as circumstances allowed, sometimes together and at other times apart.[16] In the end, however, Page "failed to accompany him" all the way to Jerusalem.[3] They parted ways when Hyde waited for Page in New York City for several months, but Page never arrived, so Hyde set out for Jerusalem alone, as he had foreseen in his vision.[19]
His letter of introduction claimed that "The Jewish nations have been scattered abroad among the Gentiles for a long period; and in our estimation, the time of the commencement of their return to the Holy Land has already arrived."[20] He left the United States and traveled through Germany, the Ottoman Empire, and Egypt before arriving in Jerusalem.[3] He stayed in Bavaria for a while to learn the German language.[6]
Hyde was only in Jerusalem for a few days. He arrived there on Thursday, October 21, 1841, and stayed until Monday, October 25, 1841.[16] He recorded that before dawn on October 24, 1841, he climbed up the Mount of Olives overlooking the city, then both wrote and recited a prayer, part of which reads:
Now, O Lord! Thy servant has been obedient to the heavenly vision which Thou gavest him in his native land; and under the shadow of Thine outstretched arm, he has safely arrived in this place to dedicate and consecrate this land unto Thee, for the gathering together of Judah's scattered remnants, according to the predictions of the holy Prophets -- for the building up of Jerusalem again after it has been trodden down by the Gentiles so long, and for rearing a Temple in honor of Thy name. Everlasting thanks be ascribed unto Thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that Thou hast preserved Thy servant from the dangers of the seas, and from the plague and pestilence which have caused the land to mourn. The violence of man has also been restrained, and Thy providential care by night and by day has been exercised over Thine unworthy servant. Accept, therefore, O Lord, the tribute of a grateful heart for all past favors, and be pleased to continue Thy kindness and mercy towards a needy worm of the dust.[21]
Having dedicated Jerusalem for the gathering of the Jews, Hyde departed the mountain after building a small altar with stones.[6] Nearly a year later, Orson Hyde returned to America. He traveled back by way of Regensburg, Germany where he spent a number of months working on a Church publication in German. He finally arrived home to his wife and two daughters in Nauvoo on December 7, 1842, having been gone for a few months shy of three years.[16]
Since Orson Hyde's dedicatory mission, the Holy Land has been "formally dedicated for the return of Judah and the house of Israel in at least ten other dedicatory prayers."[22]
The Orson Hyde Memorial Garden on the Mount of Olives was dedicated in 1979. The park was funded by donations to the Orson Hyde Foundation through the Jerusalem Foundation. The sign at the front of the Orson Hyde Memorial Garden (see image to the right) was created by the Israeli government; however, it contains several mistakes that are common misconceptions about Hyde's mission to Jerusalem: 1) Unlike most other missions, Hyde was not called to preach the gospel in Jerusalem but to dedicate the land for the gathering of Judah,[16] and 2) Hyde was only in Jerusalem for several days, although it is true that he was traveling to and from Jerusalem during the years 1841–1842.
Family life
Hyde married
Later life
After Joseph Smith's death in 1844, the majority of the Latter Day Saints left Nauvoo for Iowa Territory. Hyde, however, remained behind to oversee the completion of the Nauvoo Temple, which was dedicated in 1846.[26] He served on the Nauvoo City Council from 1843 to 1845 and joined the Council of Fifty on March 13, 1844.[4] He then returned to England, presiding over the British mission from 1846 to 1847.[6] During this trip, he also served as editor of the Millennial Star, the Latter-day Saint publication in England.[3] Upon his return to the United States, he became President of the Quorum of the Twelve in 1847.[4] Hyde was placed in charge of the church in the Midwest, remaining in Council Bluffs, Iowa, until 1852.[4] He published the Frontier Guardian in Council Bluffs. He then moved to Utah Territory in 1852.[3]
Hyde represented Utah as an
When dealing with the question of seniority in the council in 1875, long after the
Death and legacy
Hyde died in Spring City on November 28, 1878,[3] one day after suffering a severe stroke.[citation needed] He was 72 years old.[3] He was succeeded by Moses Thatcher in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. He is buried at Spring City.[citation needed] Hyde is mentioned by name in six sections of the Doctrine and Covenants: sections 68, 75, 100, 102, 103, and 124.[3] In his Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, Andrew Jenson describes Hyde as "a man of great natural ability, and by industrious application had acquired a good education, which, with his great and varied experience and extended travels, rendered him a powerful instrument in the hands of God for the defense and dissemination of the gospel and the building up of the Latter-day Work."[6]
See also
Notes
- ^ Brigham Young ruled that the President of the Quorum was to be the person with the longest uninterrupted service in the Quorum, as opposed to the person who entered the Quorum at the earliest date, thus making John Taylor the new President of the Quorum.
- ^ Hyde was removed from the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles by vote of the church between May 4 and June 27, 1839. However, Hyde retained his apostleship during this time.
- ^ ISBN 9780890365182.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Orson Hyde – Biography". The Joseph Smith Papers. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ "Orson Hyde – Biography". www.josephsmithpapers.org. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Jensen, Andrew (1941). Latter-Day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret News. pp. 80–82.
- ^ Barron, Howard H. "Orson Hyde: Olive Branch of Israel". www.churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
- ^ "Revelation". www.josephsmithpapers.org. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ "Revelation". www.josephsmithpapers.org. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ Document, p. 57.
- ^ Baugh 2000, p. 106.
- ^ Baugh 2000, pp. 108–09.
- ^ a b c "Utah History Encyclopedia". www.uen.org. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
- ^ "The Restored Church of Jesus Christ and the Holy Land". BYU Studies. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ "A voice from Jerusalem, or, A sketch of the travels and ministry of Elder Orson Hyde : missionary of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, to Germany, Constantinople, and Jerusalem, page iii". contentdm.lib.byu.edu. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g Whitchurch, David. "Orson Hyde, the Holy Land, and Brigham Young University". BYU Jerusalem Center Alumni. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ a b "History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 [2 November 1838–31 July 1842]". www.josephsmithpapers.org. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ "Orson Hyde: A Life of Lessons Learned | Religious Studies Center". rsc.byu.edu. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ "Times and Seasons, 1 April 1842". www.josephsmithpapers.org. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ "Recommendation for Orson Hyde, 6 April 1840". www.josephsmithpapers.org. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ Orson Hyde's Dedicatory Prayer, Sunday morning, October 24, 1841, accessed 2008-02-26.
- JSTOR 43044613.
- ^ "Marinda Nancy Johnson Hyde affidavit".
- ^ "Journal, December 1842–June 1844; Book 2, 10 March 1843–14 July 1843". Joseph Smith Papers.
- ^ Lee, John D. (1877). Mormonism Unveiled. St. Louis : Bryan, Brand. p. 147.
- ^ F. Colvin, Don. ""The Dedication of the Temple" Nauvoo Temple: A Story of Faith (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, 2002)". pp. 245–51.
- ^ Bergera 1992.
References
- ISBN 0-87747-594-6.
- Baugh, Alexander L. (2000), "A Call to Arms: The 1838 Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri", BYU Studies.
- Bergera, Gary James (1992), "Seniority in the Twelve: The 1875 Realignment of Orson Pratt", Journal of Mormon History, 18 (1): 19–58.
- Document Containing the Correspondence, Orders &c. in Relation to the Disturbances with the Mormons; And the Evidence Given Before the Hon. Austin A. King, Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of the State of Missouri, at the Court-House in Richmond, in a Criminal Court of Inquiry, Begun November 12, 1838, on the Trial of Joseph Smith, Jr., and Others, for High Treason and Other Crimes Against the State. Fayette, Missouri, 1841, complete text. Archived 2011-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 1-57345-224-6.
- ISBN 0-87579-924-8.
- Hilton, Lynn M.; Hilton, Hope A. (1994), "Hyde, Orson", in Powell, Allan Kent (ed.), Utah History Encyclopedia, Salt Lake City: OCLC 30473917, archived from the originalon 1 November 2013
- For information on his experience in Jerusalem see his letter is reprinted in chapter 26 of volume 4 of History of the Church, under the subtitle "Elder Orson Hyde's Letter -- His Prayer of Dedication on the Mount of Olives." For a separate account see Michael Oren, Power, Faith and Fantasy. New York, W.W. Norton, 2007. P. 142. See also Greenberg pp. 238–239.
Further reading
- Orson Hyde, A Voice from Jerusalem (Liverpool: P.P. Pratt, 1842) — Hyde's account of his mission to Germany, Constantinople, and Jerusalem
- Beatrice Spade (n.d.), "Prayer of Orson Hyde on the Mount of Olives, Sunday morning, October 24, 1841", Traveling to Jerusalem: Seminar Papers, 1997-2003, Colorado State University–Pueblo, archived from the originalon 6 June 2010
- Beatrice Spade (n.d.), "Orson Hyde", Traveling to Jerusalem: Seminar Papers, 1997-2003, Colorado State University–Pueblo, archived from the originalon 21 October 2013
External links
- Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Orson Hyde Archived 2021-04-25 at the Wayback Machine
- List of Hyde's speeches (Wikisource)
- Orson Hyde autobiography and funeral, MSS 444 at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
- Orson Hyde letter, MSS SC 2959 at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
- Orson Hyde letter to Ann Eliza Hyde, MSS 357 at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
- William E. McLellin and Orson Hyde meeting minutes of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, MSS 3900 at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University