George J. Adams

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George J. Adams
Adams c. 1841
Founder of the
Church of the Messiah
1861
Member of the First Presidency in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite).
1846 – 1851
Called byJames Strang
End reasonExcommunicated from the Strangite church
Member of the Council of Fifty
Between Mar. 14 and Apr. 11, 1844 – February 4, 1845
Called byJoseph Smith
End reasonExcommunicated from LDS Church
Personal details
BornGeorge Jones Adams
c. 1811
typhoid pneumonia
"

George Jones Adams (c. 1811 – May 11, 1880) was the leader of a schismatic Latter Day Saint sect who led an ill-fated effort to establish a colony of Americans in Palestine. Adams was also briefly a member of the First Presidency in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite). In preparation for colonizing Palestine, he changed his name to George Washington Joshua Adams, to tie himself to two well-known country builders: George Washington of the United States and Joshua, from the Hebrew Bible.

Conversion and early church service

George Jones Adams was born in

Shakespearean
actor, but had little success in being cast in roles.

While traveling from

Boston to New York City in February 1840, George, and his wife Caroline (née Youngs) Adams, heard the preaching of Latter Day Saint apostle Heber C. Kimball, and were baptized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints the same week. Within a month he had become an elder in the church. In the spring/summer of 1840, the Brooklyn Branch was organized with him as branch president in New York City, NY (HC, 4:22). In 1841, Adams traveled to England as a missionary
for the church; he was successful in winning numerous converts and stayed in England for eighteen months. Adams returned from England with a one-year-old son, George Oscar; his wife Caroline would raise the boy as her own.

In October 1843,

Quorum of Twelve Apostles for proposing that the church be led by Joseph Smith III (Joseph Smith's eldest son) under the guardianship of William Smith.[1]

Back in Boston in 1847, Adams was the main witness in the trial of Cobb v. Cobb, in which Henry Cobb sued his wife, Augusta Adams Cobb, for divorce, for having committed adultery with Joseph Smith's successor, Brigham Young; she had married Young in November 1843 without first divorcing Henry. The court case went to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, presided over by Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw, and was widely reported in newspapers nationwide.[citation needed]

Strangite leader

After his excommunication, Adams came to accept the spiritual leadership of

drunkenness. Adams and his second wife, Louisa Isabella Pray, moved to Maine
where they had two children, son Clarence and daughter Georgina Augustine.

Church of the Messiah

By the late 1850s, Adams had established a church in

Jews, which in turn would hasten the Second Coming
of Jesus. The members of the church donated much of their money to the church in an effort to realize Adam's proposal.

Settlement in Palestine

Adams' friendship with Orson Hyde heavily influenced his decision to move to Palestine. Hyde was the first Mormon envoy to Jerusalem, and Adams "dreamed of replicating Hyde's pilgrimage to the Holy Land."[2] After migrating around the Northeast for some years, Adams settled in Indian River, Maine, and prophesied that the prerequisite the Second Coming was "the Jews' restoration to Palestine."[2]

In 1865, Adams and Indian River's postmaster, Abraham McKenszie, traveled to Palestine and arranged for the purchase of a tract of land near Jaffa.[2] Upon returning to the United States, Adams organized the Palestine Emigration Association to coordinate his church's move. In February 1866, Adams was received by U.S. President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Seward at the White House.[citation needed] Seward agreed to expedite a petition from Adams and his church members to the government of the Ottoman Empire to ensure that the American settlers' title to the land Adams arranged to purchase was respected.

One hundred and fifty-six members of the Church of the Messiah sailed from Boston to Jaffa on the Nellie Chapin, arriving on September 22, 1866. The colony began by camping on the beach, relying on local

Arabs
for food and water. Within a month, six children and three adults had died. By November, the colony had erected a number of simple frame houses.

The pilgrims secured a 10-acre (40,000 m2) plot of land outside of Jaffa, where they founded the American Colony, named Amelican in

Tel Aviv-Yafo. However, the settlers quickly encountered problems. Scavengers ravaged their crops and the community faced famine heading into the winter of 1866-67.[3]
This and the climate, the insecure and arbitrary treatment by the Ottoman authorities, made many colonists willing to return to Maine.

But their leader Adams withheld their money, which the colonists had earlier conveyed to him. So the missionary Peter Metzler of the

State Department
had appropriated $3000 for the return of any of the remaining colonists who wished to leave Palestine, while by December 1867, the colony had run out of money and resources.

Some of the colonists traveled back to America on the ship Quaker City; Mark Twain was a passenger on the same journey and he wrote about the failed settlers in his 1869 book The Innocents Abroad.[5] Upon returning to the United States, many of Adams' former followers joined the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. In June 1868, Adams and his wife left Palestine and sailed to England. Twenty of the original colonists remained in Palestine, some of them permanently.

The colonists who left would sell much of their real estate in the colony to newly arriving settlers, called

Templers, coming from Württemberg in 1869. On 5 March 1869 also Metzler sold most of his real estate to the new colonists, thus Adams City became later known as the German Colony of Jaffa.[6]

Return to America and death

Although Adams preached briefly in

Baptist
clergyman in Pennsylvania until his death in the 1920s.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c D. Michael Quinn (1994). The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power (Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books) p. 534.
  2. ^ a b c Michael Oren (2007). Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East 1776 to the Present (New York: W.W. Norton & Company) p. 220.
  3. ^ Michael Oren (2007). Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East 1776 to the Present (New York: W.W. Norton & Company) p. 224.
  4. ISBN 965-7109-03-5
  5. ^ But I am forgetting the Jaffa Colonists. At Jaffa we had taken on board some forty members of a very celebrated community. They were male and female; babies, young boys and young girls; young married people, and some who had passed a shade beyond the prime of life. I refer to the "Adams Jaffa Colony." Others had deserted before. We left in Jaffa Mr. Adams, his wife, and fifteen unfortunates who not only had no money but did not know where to turn or whither to go. Such was the statement made to us. Our forty were miserable enough in the first place, and they lay about the decks seasick all the voyage, which about completed their misery, I take it. However, one or two young men remained upright, and by constant persecution we wormed out of them some little information. They gave it reluctantly and in a very fragmentary condition, for, having been shamefully humbugged by their prophet, they felt humiliated and unhappy. In such circumstances people do not like to talk..
  6. ISBN 965-7109-03-5
  7. ^ Philadelphia Public Ledger, 1880-05-13, p. 8.

References

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