Osmeriformes

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Osmeriformes
Temporal range: Late Paleocene–present
Osmeridae
)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Superorder:
Osmeromorpha
Order: Osmeriformes
Type species
Osmerus eperlanus
)
Suborders

The Osmeriformes

pike and salmon, among others. The order's name means "smelt-shaped", from Osmerus (the type genus) + the standard fish order suffix "-formes". It ultimately derives from Ancient Greek osmé (ὀσμή, "pungent smell") + Latin forma ("external form"), the former in reference to the characteristic aroma of the flesh of Osmerus.[1][2][3]

In the classification used here, the order Osmeriformes contains two

superfamilies (Galaxoidea and Osmeroidea), the division in two lineages is generally maintained.[4][5]

The "marine" smelts and allies (e.g. the odd-looking barreleyes) were formerly included here as suborder Argentinoidei; they are now usually considered more distantly related than it was believed and treated as order Argentiniformes. When the marine smelts were included here, the subdivisions of the Osmeriformes were down-ranked by one.[4]

Description and ecology

Osmeriformes are small to mid-sized slender fish. Their

posterior shaft. They have reduced or even missing articular and mesopterygoid teeth, and the basisphenoid and orbitosphenoid bones are entirely absent. Their scales lack radii.[4]

Despite the term "

eggs are surrounded by an adhesive membrane.[4]

Systematics

With the

superorder "Stenopterygii" ought to be included in the Protacanthopterygii, rather than a particularly close relationship between the two orders.[3][4][5]

Common river galaxias, Galaxias vulgaris
(Galaxoidei: Galaxiidae)

The classification of the Osmeriformes as approached here is:[6]

  • Family †Spaniodontidae Jordan 1905
  • Suborder Retropinnoidei
    • Family Retropinnidae (Australian-New Zealand smelts and graylings)
  • Suborder Osmeroidei
    • Family
      Osmeridae
      (freshwater smelts, typical smelts)
    • Family
      Plecoglossidae
      (Ayu)
    • Family Salangidae (noodlefishes, "icefish")

A possible

Lepidogalaxiidae were at one time placed together with Retropinnidae in the sub order Galaxoidei, however with new molecular studies they have been elevated to the ordinal level.[6]

Timeline of genera

QuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousHolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLate CretaceousEarly CretaceousAllosmerusMallotusMaulisiaSpirinchusNanseniaBathylagusHypomesusCarpathichthysEnoplophthalmusOphisthoproctusProargentinaArgentinaOsmerusNybelinoidesQuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousHolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLate CretaceousEarly Cretaceous

References

  1. ^ Woodhouse, S.C. (1910): English-Greek Dictionary - A Vocabulary of the Attic Language. George Routledge & Sons Ltd., Broadway House, Ludgate Hill, E.C. Searchable JPEG fulltext
  2. ISBN 0-19-864224-5
  3. ^ a b c FishBase (2006): Order Osmeriformes. Version of 2006-OCT-09. Retrieved 2009-SEP-28.
  4. ^
    ISBN 0-471-25031-7
    pp.194-199
  5. ^
    doi:10.1163/157075608X303636
    .
  6. ^
    PMID 28683774
    .
  7. ISSN 0272-4634
    .
  8. ^ Chang, Jonathan (2023-12-25). "Speirsaenigma lindoei". The Fish Tree of Life. Retrieved 2023-12-28.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Osmeriformes.
Wikispecies has information related to Osmeriformes.
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