Pande family
Pande Dynasty पाँडे वंश/पाँडे काजी खलक Panday/Pandey | |
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Noble house | |
Country | |
Etymology | The name is derived from the Sanskrit paṇḍ (पण्ड्) which means "to collect, heap, pile up", and this root is used in the sense of knowledge. Same root as Pandit |
Place of origin | Gorkha Kingdom |
Founder | Ganesh Pandey (1529 A.D. – 1606 A.D.) |
Current head | Sardar Bhim Bahadur Pande currently as a pretender |
Final head | Rana Jang Pande |
Titles | List
|
Style(s) | |
Connected members | |
Connected families | |
Traditions | List |
Estate(s) | List |
Deposition | 1843–1846 (by death penalty to Gora Pandes |
Chettri Pande | |
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क्षेत्री पाँडे | |
Basnyats | |
Status | Hill Kshatriya (Chhetri) |
The Pande family or Pande dynasty (also spelled as Pandey or Panday) (
The family is descended from nobleman
Ancestral Background
The inscription installed by son of
Caste Background
Historian Baburam Acharya speculates that Ganesh Pande was a Brahmin, however, there was no conclusive evidence to the claim. He makes the assumption based on the claim of ancestry from Ganesh Pande by Pande Brahmins of Upamanyu gotra.[5] He further assumes that Baliram and Jagatloka were Brahmins due to their Brahmin-looking name and assumes Tularam and Bhimaraj as Chhetri.[5]
Relation between Kalu and Tularam
As per Historian
Dominance of Damodar and catastrophe on Pandes
After Queen Rajrajeshwari finally managed to assume the regency on 17 December 1802,[21][22] later in February she elected Damodar Pande as the Mul Kaji (Chief Kaji).[23] Damodar Pande, Pande family and faction, were responsible for treaty with British which incensed exiled King Rana Bahadur.[24] The Treaty of 1801 was also unilaterally annulled by the British on 24 January 1804.[25][26][27][28] The suspension of diplomatic ties also gave the Governor General a pretext to allow the ex-King Rana Bahadur to return to Nepal unconditionally.[26][28]
Troops sent by Kathmandu Durbar changed their allegiance when they came face to face with the incoming ex-King Rana Bahadur.[29] Damodar Pande and members of Pande factions were arrested at Thankot where they were waiting to greet the ex-King with state honors and take him into isolation.[29][27] After Rana Bahadur's reinstatement to power, he ordered Damodar Pande, along with his two eldest sons, who were completely innocent, to be executed on 13 March 1804; similarly some members of his faction were tortured and executed without any due trial, while many others managed to escape to India. Among those who managed to escape to India were Damodar Pande's sons Karbir Pande and Rana Jang Pande.[30][30][31]
Resurrection of Pandes
During the
Fearful that the Pandes would re-establish their power,
At the beginning of 1839, Ranajang Pande was made the sole Mukhtiyar. However, knowledge about Ranajang's war preparations and his communication with other princely states of India, fomenting anti-British sentiments, alarmed the Governor-General of the time, Lord Auckland, who mobilized some British troops near the border of Nepal.[47][48] In order to resolve this diplomatic fiasco, Bhimsen was recalled from Gorkha releasing consfication[49][50] after which he suggested some of the battalions under Ranajang's command to be given to other courtiers, thus severely weakening Ranajang's military power.[51] After the ostracization of Thapas on fabricated cases with forged papers,[52][53] Bhimsen, the leader of Thapas, attempted suicide due to indignity[54] after hearing rumors of his wife to be publicly disgraced on 28 July 1839.[55][54] Five months after Bhimsen's death, Ranajang Pande was again made Mukhtiyar (prime minister); but Ranajang's inability to control the general lawlessness in the country forced him to resign from prime minister's office, which was then conferred on Pushkar Shah, based on Samrajya Laxmi's recommendation.[56] Pushkar Shah and his Pande associates were dismissed, and Fatte Jang Shah was appointed Mukhtiyar (prime minister) in November 1840 due to British intervention.[57] After the death of Senior Queen Samrajya Laxmi, the Nepalese court was split into three factions centered around the King, the Junior Queen, and the Crown Prince. Fateh Jang and his administration supported the King, the Thapas supported the Junior Queen, while the Pandes supported the Crown Prince. The resurgent Thapa coalition succeeded in sowing animosity between Fateh Jang's ministry and the Pande coalition, who were swiftly imprisoned.[58]
Ultimate Fall of Pandes
Under immense pressure from the Queen and the nobility, along with the backing from army and the general populace, the King in January 1843 handed the highest authority of the state to his Junior Queen, Rajya Laxmi, curtailing both his own and his son's power.
Pande Palaces
As Thapathali was abode of the Thapas, Lazimpat was abode of Pandes. Lazimpat Durbar was property of Kaji Bir Keshar Pande. At the time of the Kot massacre on 14 September 1846, Kaji Bir Keshar Pande was massacred there and lazimpat Durbar was occupied by Kaji Col.Tribikram Singh Thapa, maternal uncle of Rana rulers.[62]
Pande family members
Kala Pandes
No. | Members | Image | Position | Years in the position | Notes |
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1 | Kalu Pande | Kaji of Gorkha Kingdom | 1744–1747 to 1757 A.D. | Father of all Kala Pandes | |
2 | Vamsharaj Pande | Dewan-Kaji (Chief Minister) and Pradhan-senapati | 1777–1785 A.D. | eldest son of Kalu and head of Pandes before 1785 | |
3 | Damodar Pande | Commander-in-Chief |
1803–1804 A.D. (though most influential Kaji between 1794 and 1804) | youngest son of Kalu and head of Pandes between 1785 and 1804 | |
4 | Rana Jang Pande | Commander-in-Chief |
1837–1837 A.D. and 1839–1840 A.D. | the last Kala Pande leader before deposition of Pandes in 1843 | |
5 | Karbir Pande | Kaji | the significant Kala Pande courtier in 1837–1843 | grandson of Kalu Pande[63] and killed in 1843. | |
6 | Suresh Pande | Resh | the significant Big lad in 1989 onwards | Grandson of Sidnath Pande
- |
Gora Pandes
No. | Members | Image | Position | Years in the position | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Tularam Pande | Sardar | died 1768 | Father of all Gora Pandes, a military commander of King Prithvi Narayan Shah
| |
2 | Ranajit Pande | Mulkaji (Chief Kaji) | briefly in 1804 A.D.[18] | son of Tularam Pande;[63] the only Gora Pande to become highest ranked Mulkaji | |
3 | Dalbhanjan Pande | Kaji and later General | briefly headed military administration in 1837 A.D. | grandson of Tularam Pande[63] and the significant Gora Pande courtier between 1810s to 1846 | |
4 | Bir Keshar Pande | Kaji and Kapardar[10] | grandson of Tularam Pande[63] and owner of Lazimpat Durbar | ||
5 | Bhotu Pande | Kapardar | son of Tularam Pande[63] a military officer in the Sino-Nepalese War | ||
6 | Ranagambhir Pande | Kaji[10] | the significant Gora Pande courtier in 1846 | grandson of Tularam Pande[63] and died in the Kot massacre of 1846 |
Pande memorials and legacy
The burial ground on hill top of Kaji Kalu Pande is a popular hiking spot. It lies in Chandragiri, western outskirts of Kathmandu from where Gorkha can be seen.[64] Rastra Bhaktiko Jhalak: Panday Bamsa ko Bhumika (Transl. Glimpse of Patriotism: Role of Pande dynasty) is a book written on Pande dynasty by Sardar Bhim Bahadur Pande.[65]
Descendants
First Mandarin and Historian-diplomat Sardar Bhim Bahadur Pande is the seventh lineal descendant of Kaji Kalu Pande.[66] Late Maj.Gen Sagar Bahadur Pande, Businessman Himalaya Bahadur Pande, Banker Prithvi Bahadur Pande, General Pawan Bahadur Pande, who retired as Number 2 of the Nepal Army, Dr.Shanta Bahadur Pande are the sons of First Mandarin, diplomat-historian Sardar Bhim Bahadur Pande[67] and eighth descendant of Kaji Kalu Pande.[66]
Gallery
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Portrait of Kalu Pande
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Kalu Pande during Unification Campaign
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Kalu Pande memorial park
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Rana Jang Pande, the last Pande leader
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Bhim Bahadur Pande, the 20th century Pande descendant
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Letter sent to PM Bhimsen Thapa and Kazi Ranadhoj Thapa by (Pvt. seal L to R) Bakhat Singh Sardar, Dalbhanjan Pande (Pande Kazi), Ranabir Singh Thapa, Kaji Narsingh Thapa (Elder Amar Singh Thapa's another son) and sundry captains
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Kaji Kalu Pande statue at Dahachowk
See also
References
Notes
- ^ a b Joshi & Rose 1966, p. 23.
- ^ Joshi & Rose 1966, p. 25.
- ^ Rose 1971, p. 105.
- ^ a b c Acharya 2012, pp. 179–181.
- ^ a b c d e f g Acharya 1979, p. 43.
- ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 9.
- ^ Majupuria, Trilok Chandra; Majupuria, Indra (1979). "Thapa and Pande family animosity". p. 26.
- ^ Pradhan 2001, p. 6.
- ISBN 99933-39-91-1.
- ^ a b c Regmi 1995, p. 44.
- ^ Regmi 1975, p. 30.
- ^ Wright 1877, p. 278.
- ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 8.
- ^ Singh 1997, p. 126.
- ^ Wright, Daniel (1990). History of Nepal. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. Retrieved 7 November 2012. Page 227
- ^ http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/contributions/pdf/CNAS_02_01_09.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ Shaha 1990, p. 160.
- ^ a b c Pradhan 2012, p. 12.
- ^ a b Acharya 2012, pp. 28–32.
- ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 13.
- ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 14.
- ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 36–37.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 43.
- ^ Nepal 2007, p. 51.
- ^ Amatya 1978.
- ^ a b Pradhan 2012, pp. 14, 25.
- ^ a b Nepal 2007, p. 56.
- ^ a b Acharya 2012, p. 45.
- ^ a b Acharya 2012, pp. 49–55.
- ^ a b Acharya 2012, p. 54.
- ^ Nepal 2007, p. 57.
- ^ Nepal 2007, pp. 104–105.
- ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 158.
- ^ a b Acharya 2012, p. 155.
- ^ Nepal 2007, p. 108.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 156.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 157.
- ^ a b Acharya 2012, p. 158.
- ^ Nepal 2007, p. 106.
- ^ a b Pradhan 2012, p. 163.
- ^ a b Pradhan 2012, p. 164.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 160.
- ^ a b Oldfield 1880, p. 311.
- ^ a b Nepal 2007, p. 109.
- ^ a b Acharya 2012, p. 161.
- ^ a b Oldfield 1880, p. 313.
- ^ a b Nepal 2007, p. 110.
- ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 161–162.
- ^ Nepal 2007, p. 111.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 162.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 163.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 163-164.
- ^ Oldfield 1880, p. 315-316.
- ^ a b Acharya 2012, p. 164.
- ^ Oldfield 1880, p. 316.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 167.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 170.
- ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 173–176.
- ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 176–177.
- ^ Whelpton 2004, pp. 33–34.
- ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 177–178.
- ISBN 978-9994611027. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f Pradhan 2012, p. 198.
- ^ "Kalu Pandey Burial Ground being popular among Kathmandu hikers". thehimalayantimes.com. 26 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- ^ "Ratna Pustak Bhandar – The Oldest Book Store – Kathmandu, Nepal". ratnabooks.com. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
- ^ a b "ampnews/2013-12-15/6239". nepal.ekantipur.com. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
- ^ "Obituary: End of an era". m.setopati.net. Archived from the original on 2015-04-29. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
Sources
- Acharya, Baburam (2012), Acharya, Shri Krishna (ed.), Janaral Bhimsen Thapa : Yinko Utthan Tatha Pattan (in Nepali), Kathmandu: Education Book House, p. 228, ISBN 9789937241748
- Acharya, Baburam (March 1, 1979), "The Unification of Nepal" (PDF), Regmi Research Series, 11 (3): 40–48
- Wright, Daniel (1877), History of Nepal, ISBN 9788120605527
- Joshi, Bhuwan Lal; Rose, Leo E. (1966), Democratic Innovations in Nepal: A Case Study of Political Acculturation, University of California Press, p. 551
- Oldfield, Henry Ambrose (1880), Sketches from Nipal, Vol 1, vol. 1, London: W.H. Allan & Co.
- Pradhan, Kumar L. (2012), Thapa Politics in Nepal: With Special Reference to Bhim Sen Thapa, 1806–1839, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, p. 278, ISBN 9788180698132
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1995), Kings and political leaders of the Gorkhali Empire, 1768–1814, Orient Longman, p. 83, ISBN 9788125005117
- Pradhan, Kumar L. (2001). Brian Hodgson at the Kathmandu residency, 1825-1843. Spectrum Publications. ISBN 9788187502159.
- Regmi, D.R. (1975), Modern Nepal, ISBN 9780883864913
- Shaha, Rishikesh (1982), Essays in the Practice of Government in Nepal, Manohar, p. 44, OCLC 9302577
- Shaha, Rishikesh (1990), Modern Nepal 1769–1885, Riverdale Company, ISBN 0-913215-64-3
- Adhikari, Indra (12 June 2015), Military and Democracy in Nepal, Routledge, ISBN 9781317589068
- Nepal, Gyanmani (2007), Nepal ko Mahabharat (in Nepali) (3rd ed.), Kathmandu: Sajha, p. 314, ISBN 9789993325857
- Hamal, Lakshman B. (1995), Military history of Nepal, Sharda Pustak Mandir
- Singh, Nagendra Kumar (1997), Nepal: Refugee to Ruler : a Militant Race of Nepal, APH Publishing Corporation, ISBN 9788170248477
- Rose, Leo E. (1971). Nepal; strategy for survival. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520016439.