Chhetri
क्षेत्री/खस | |
---|---|
Regions with significant populations | |
Nepal | 4,796,995 (16.4% of Nepal's population) (2021)[1] |
Languages | |
Nepali (Khas-Kura),
Other Indo-Aryan peoples |
Chhetri (Kshetri, Kshettri, Kshetry or Chhettri), (
).Khas Chhetris were traditionally considered a division of the Khas people with
Etymology and background
Chhetri is considered a direct derivative of the Sanskrit word
History
They are thought to be connected to the
In the early modern history of Nepal, Chhetris played a key role in the
During the monarchy, Chhetris continued to dominate the ranks of the
Chhetri noble families
The most prominent feature of Nepalese Chhetri society has been the ruling
Chhetri and premiership
The nobility of
Military achievements
Chhetri had dominated high military positions and monopolized the military force at the times of Chhetri autocratic administrators like PM
Chhetris dominated the position of the senior officers of the Nepali Army comprising 74.4% of total senior officers in 1967. Similarly, Chhetris composed 38.1%, 54.3% and 55.3% of the senior officers in the year 2003, 2004 and 2007 respectively.[28]
Clans & surnames
Clans of the Chhetri include:[29]
- Adhikari
- Baniya
- Basnet
- Bisht
- Bhandari
- Bohra
- Burathoki
- Chauhan
- Gharti
- Karki
- Khadka
- Khatri
- Khulal
- Kunwar
- Mahara
- Pande/पाँडे (not to be mistaken with Brahmin Pande)
- Rana
- Raut
- Rawal
- Rayamajhi
- Rokka
- Thapa
Demographics
The 2011 Nepal census recorded Chhetris as the largest Hindu adherents in the nation with 4,365,113 people which is 99.3% of total Chhetri population.[30] In Nepal's hill districts the Chhetri population rises to 41% compared to 31% Brahmin and 27% other castes. This greatly exceeds the Kshatriya portion in most regions with predominantly Hindu populations.[31][32]
Chhetris are largest caste group in 21
As per the
The Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal classifies the Chhetri as a subgroup within the broader social group of Hill Chhetri (together with Thakuri and Sanyasi/Dasnami).[34] At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, 4,398,053 people (16.5% of the population of Nepal) were Chhetri. The frequency of Chhetri by province was as follows:
- Karnali Province (41.9%)
- Sudurpashchim Province (41.4%)
- Bagmati Province (17.1%)
- Koshi Province (14.7%)
- Lumbini Province (13.7%)
- Gandaki Province (13.3%)
- Madhesh Province (2.0%)
The frequency of Chhetri was higher than national average (16.5%) in the following districts:[35]
- Bajhang (66.6%)
- Darchula (64.6%)
- Jumla (60.4%)
- Bajura (57.8%)
- Doti (57.7%)
- Salyan (57.1%)
- Achham (55.5%)
- Western Rukum (53.9%)
- Dadeldhura (53.6%)
- Baitadi (52.1%)
- Mugu (48.9%)
- Dolpa (45.0%)
- Humla (38.9%)
- Jajarkot (38.0%)
- Dailekh (34.8%)
- Rolpa (33.9%)
- Dolakha (33.4%)
- Surkhet (31.4%)
- Kalikot (28.8%)
- Kanchanpur (28.8%)
- Ramechhap (26.8%)
- Pyuthan (24.9%)
- Dang (24.8%)
- Okhaldhunga (22.9%)
- Gulmi (22.5%)
- Udayapur (21.5%)
- Khotang (21.4%)
- Kailali (20.8%)
- Dhankuta (20.2%)
- Kathmandu (19.8%)
- Bhojpur (19.7%)
- Bhaktapur (19.6%)
- Eastern Rukum (19.2%)
- Tehrathum (19.2%)
- Lalitpur (18.8%)
- Baglung (18.6%)
- Sankhuwasabha (18.3%)
- Arghakhanchi (18.2%)
- Sindhupalchowk (18.1%)
- Parbat (17.3%)
- Myagdi (17.0%)
Present day
Chhetri together with Bahun and thakuri falls under
Notable people
- Bir Bhadra Thapa[17] and Thapa dynasty[7]
- Swarup Singh Karki[19]
- Basnyat dynasty[7]
- Pande dynasty[7]
- Jung Bahadur Rana [21] and Rana dynasty[7]
- Amar Singh Thapa (sanu)[17]
- Queen Subarna Prabha Devi[41]
- Bhimsen Thapa[17][21]
- Gagan Singh Bhandari[42]
- Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana[43]
- Sher Bahadur Thapa[44]
- Kunwar Inderjit Singh[45]
- Subarna Shamsher Rana[45]
- Surya Bahadur Thapa[45]
- Sunil Chhetri, Indian football player
See also
References
Footnotes
Notes
- ^ National Statistics Office (2021). National Population and Housing Census 2021, Caste/Ethnicity Report. Government of Nepal (Report).
- ^ a b Dhungel 1998, p. 5.
- ^ Central Bureau of Statistics (2014). Population monograph of Nepal (PDF) (Report). Vol. II. Government of Nepal.
- ^ a b Lawoti 2005, p. 91.
- ^ Bista, Dor Bahadur (1980). People of Nepal (4 ed.). Ratna Pustak Bhandar. pp. 2–4.
- ^ Pradhan 2012, pp. 20–21.
- ^ a b c d e f g Pahari 1995, p. 632.
- ^ Hitchcock 1978, pp. 116–119.
- ^ National Statistics Office (2021). National Population and Housing Census 2021, Caste/Ethnicity Report. Government of Nepal (Report).
- ^ Burghart 1984, p. 119.
- ^ Gurung 1996, p. 33.
- ^ Sherchan 2001, p. 14.
- ^ Gurung, H. (2005). Social exclusion and Maoist insurgency. Paper presented at National Dialogue Conference on ILO Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, Kathmandu, 19–20 January 2005.
- ^ Dhungel 1998, p. 8.
- ^ Kumar Pradhan (1984). A History of Nepali Literature. Sahitya Akademi. p. 5.
- ^ a b Gurung 1996, pp. 1–33, passim.
- ^ a b c d Regmi 1995, p. 44.
- ^ a b Pradhan 2012, p. 22.
- ^ a b Singh 1997, p. 142.
- ^ a b c Regmi 1975, p. 73.
- ^ a b c d e Adhikari 2015, p. 120.
- ^ Pahari 1995, p. 631.
- ISBN 0-7614-1476-2.
- ISBN 81-7041-840-2.
- ^ Raj 1996, p. 5.
- ^ Gurung 1998, p. 129.
- ^ Joshi & Rose 1966, p. 27.
- ^ Adhikari 2015, p. 123.
- ISBN 9788173041143.
Some of the Chhetri clans are Adhikari, Baniya, Basnet, Bist, Bohra, Bura or Burathoki, Gharti, Karki, Khadka, Khatri, Khulal, Mahat, Raut, Rana, Roka, Thapa, etc.
- ^ a b c d "Nepal Census 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
- ^ Dahal, Dilli Ram (2002-12-30). "Chapter 3. Social composition of the Population: Caste/Ethnicity and Religion in Nepal" (PDF). Government of Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-19. Retrieved 2011-04-02.
- ^ "Nepal in Figures 2008" (PDF). Government of Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
- ^ "Brahmins and Chhetris land most government jobs".
- ^ Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II
- ^ "2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-03-14. Retrieved 2023-04-07.
- ^ "Khas Arya quota provision in civil services opposed". thehimalayantimes.com. 10 November 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
- Myrepublica.
- ^ "Nepal-India Relations: Need for Urgent Paradigm Shift - Mainstream Weekly". www.mainstreamweekly.net. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ a b "Next Door Nepal: The nationalist's hour". indianexpress.com. 26 March 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Rai, Om Astha. "Hail to the chiefs". www.nepalitimes.com. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 12.
- ^ Shaha 1990, p. 201.
- ISBN 9781317353904.
- ^ Choudhuri, Poynder & Stevens 1984, p. 147.
- ^ a b c Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies (1980), Journal of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies, vol. 14, Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies
Sources
- Adhikari, Indra (2015), Military and Democracy in Nepal, Routledge, ISBN 9781317589068
- Burghart, Richard (1984), "The Formation of the Concept of Nation-State in Nepal", The Journal of Asian Studies, 44 (1): 101–125, S2CID 154584368
- Choudhuri, P.; Poynder, F. S.; Stevens, Lt. Col. (1984), 9 Gurkha Rifles: a regimental history, 1817-1947, vol. 4, Vision Books
- Dhungel, Dwarika Nath (1998), Contemporary Nepal, Vikas, ISBN 9788125904113
- Gurung, Harka B. (1996). Faces of Nepal. Himal Books. ISBN 9789993343509.
- Gurung, Harka B. (1998), Nepal: Social Demography and Expressions, New Era, ISBN 9780785574422
- Hitchcock, John T. (1978), "An Additional Perspective on the Nepali Caste System", in Fisher, James F. (ed.), Himalayan Anthropology: The Indo-Tibetan Interface, Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-90-279-7700-7
- Joshi, Bhuwan Lal; Rose, Leo E. (1966), Democratic Innovations in Nepal: A Case Study of Political Acculturation, University of California Press, p. 551
- Lawoti, Mahendra (2005), Towards A Democratic Nepal: Inclusive Political Institutions for a Multicultural Society, SAGE publications India, ISBN 9788132103431
- Pahari, Anup (1995), The Origins, Growth and Dissolution of Feudalism in Nepal: A Contribution to the Debate on Feudalism in Non-European Societies, vol. 4, University of Wisconsin--Madison
- Pradhan, Kumar L. (2012), Thapa Politics in Nepal: With Special Reference to Bhim Sen Thapa, 1806–1839, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, p. 278, ISBN 9788180698132
- Raj, Prakash A. (1996), Brahmins of Nepal, Nabeen Publications, ISBN 9780785573661
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1995), Kings and political leaders of the Gorkhali Empire, 1768-1814, Orient Longman, ISBN 9788125005117
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1975), Regmi Research Series, vol. 7, Regmi Research Centre
- Shaha, Rishikesh (1990), 1769-1885, Manohar, ISBN 9788185425030
- Singh, Nagendra Kr (1997), Nepal: Refugee to Ruler: A Militant Race of Nepal, APH Publishing, p. 142, ISBN 9788170248477
- Sherchan, Sanjaya (2001), Democracy, pluralism and change: an inquiry in the Nepalese context, Chhye Pahuppe, ISBN 9789993354390
Further reading
- Debra Skinner; et al. (1998), Selves in time and place: Identities, Experience and History in Nepal, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, ISBN 978-1-46171-142-1
- Lall, Keshar (1987), Nepalese Language, Folklore and Practices for Foreigners, Himalayan Book Centre
- Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (2007), Indo-Aryan languages, Routledge, ISBN 9781135797119
- Negi, S. S. (2002), Discovering the Himalaya, Indus Publishing House, ISBN 978-8-17387-079-8