Paul Carbone
Paul Carbone | |
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Paul Bonnaventure Carbone (1 February 1894 – 16 December 1943) was a
Early life
Paul Carbone was born in the southern Corsican village of Propriano in 1894.[4] He was a descendant of Napoleon's nurse Illeria Carbone.[5] When Carbone was a small child, his family moved to the impoverished Panier suburb of Marseille. He attended school there and was a hard-working pupil. When Carbone was 12 his father died and he left school to support his mother and two younger brothers. He took any job that he could find to bring money into the family.[4]
When Carbone was about fifteen he moved to
Once recovered from his ordeal, Carbone wanted to leave Egypt, and persuaded Spirito to go to
Interwar period
After the war ended, Carbone and Spirito left for South America. In Peru they started pimping and soon had 20 women working for them.[1] The pair returned to Marseille in 1919, where they engaged in pimping and opium smuggling.[4]
The Carbone-Spirito clan gained more and more influence in the Marseille underworld. By the late 1920s, they were involved in
Although
Carbone and Spirito were also active in Paris, where the Prefect of Police, Jean Chiappe, was a friend of Carbone.[14] They initially set up an upmarket brothel in Montmartre.[1] All brothels in Paris were then controlled by an obese Italian, Charles Codebo.[15] Carbone and Spirito muscled in on his operation. With the money made in Paris, they opened brothels all over France and staffed them with women from Europe and South America.[1]
During the
World War II
During World War II, Carbone and Spirito joined the Carlingue which collaborated with the Germans in France; in return, the local civilian authorities in Marseille were expected to ignore their criminal activities.[20] They also profiteered from black marketeering, supplying German soldiers with hard to obtain goods.[21]
Death
Carbone died on 16 December 1943 in a train crash caused by the Resistance sabotaging the train, blowing it up.[22][23] The train had been targeted as it contained mostly German soldiers on leave.[19] Carbone had his legs crushed and one severed at the knee. He is reputed to have sung songs to cheer up the other victims whilst smoking his last cigarette before he died. However his long-term mistress, Germaine Germain, better known as Manouche, reported that he was taken to a local hospital where he died hours later.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Albarelli 2009.
- ^ Kitson 2014, pp. 38–39.
- ^ Garrett 2006, p. 121.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Kitson 2014, p. 39.
- ^ Ottaviani 2016.
- ^ "Mafia et république du 7 mars sur Arte - Lire la page 2". Telescoop (in French). Archived from the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
- ^ "The Soldier's Burden". www.kaiserscross.com. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
- ^ "[Mafia et république] Paul Carbone, Corse, François Spirito, Égypte". Telescoop (in French). Archived from the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
- ^ Newsday 1974, p. 74.
- ^ Block 1994, p. 112.
- ^ Kitson 2014, pp. 39–40.
- ^ a b Rovner 2008, p. 105.
- ^ United States Brewers' Association 1916, p. 82.
- ^ Kitson 2014, p. 40.
- ^ Buisson 2009.
- ^ Gingeras 2014, p. 109.
- Newspapers.com.
- ^ Kitson 2014, p. 14.
- ^ a b "Biographie : Carbone Paul Bonaventure". www.encyclopedie.bseditions.fr. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
- ^ Cockburn & Clair 1998, p. 139.
- ^ Gingeras 2014, p. 107.
- ^ Levendel & Weisz 2011.
- Harper & Row, 1972. p. 35.
Bibliography
- Albarelli, H. P. (2009). A Terrible Mistake: The Murder of Frank Olson and the CIA's Secret Cold War Experiments. Trine Day. ISBN 9780984185887.
- Block, Alan A. (1994). Space, Time, and Organized Crime. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9781412834926.
- Buisson, Patrick (2009). 1940-1945 Années érotiques -: De la Grande Prostituée à la revanche des mâles (in French). Albin Michel. ISBN 9782226200143.
- Cockburn, Alexander; Clair, Jeffrey St (1998). Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs, and the Press. Verso. ISBN 9781859841396.
- Garrett, Martin (2006). Provence: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309577.
- Gingeras, Ryan (2014). Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198716020.
- Kitson, Simon (2014). Police and Politics in Marseille, 1936-1945. BRILL. ISBN 9789004265233.
- Levendel, Isaac; Weisz, Bernard (2011). Hunting Down the Jews: Vichy, the Nazis and Mafia Collaborators in Provence, 1942-1944. Enigma Books. ISBN 9781936274321.
- Newsday (1974). The Heroin Trail. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 9780030138416.
- Ottaviani, Thierry (2016). La Corse pour les Nuls poche (in French). edi8. ISBN 9782754089494.
- Rovner, Eduardo Sáenz (2008). The Cuban Connection: Drug Trafficking, Smuggling, and Gambling in Cuba from the 1920s to the Revolution. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807831755.
- United States Brewers' Association (1916). The Year Book of the United States Brewers' Association. The Association.
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