Paul Hindemith
Paul Hindemith | |
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Born | |
Died | 28 December 1963 | (aged 68)
Education | Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium |
Occupations |
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Organizations |
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Works | Compositions |
Awards |
Paul Hindemith (
Most of Hindemith's compositions are anchored by a foundational tone, and use musical forms and counterpoint and cadences typical of the Baroque and Classical traditions. His harmonic language is more modern, freely using all 12 notes of the chromatic scale within his tonal framework, as detailed in his three-volume treatise, The Craft of Musical Composition.
Life and career
Paul Hindemith was born in Hanau, near Frankfurt, the eldest child of the painter and decorator Robert Hindemith from Lower Silesia and his wife Marie Hindemith, née Warnecke.[1] He was taught the violin as a child. He entered Frankfurt's Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium, where he studied violin with Adolf Rebner, as well as conducting and composition with Arnold Mendelssohn and Bernhard Sekles. At first he supported himself by playing in dance bands and musical-comedy groups. He became deputy leader of the Frankfurt Opera Orchestra in 1914 and was promoted to concertmaster in 1916.[2] He played second violin in the Rebner String Quartet from 1914.
After his father's 1915 death in
In 1921, Hindemith founded the Amar Quartet, playing viola, and extensively toured Europe with an emphasis on contemporary music. His younger brother Rudolf was the original cellist.[4]
As a composer, he became a major advocate of the
On 15 May 1924, Hindemith married the actress and singer Gertrud (Johanna Gertrude) Rottenberg (1900–1967).[1] The marriage was childless.[8]
The
During the 1930s, Hindemith visited
Toward the end of the 1930s, Hindemith made several tours of America as a viola and viola d'amore soloist.
He emigrated to Switzerland in 1938, partly because his wife was of part-Jewish ancestry.[12]
At the same time that he was codifying his musical language, Hindemith's teaching and compositions began to be affected by his theories, according to critics such as
Hindemith became a U.S. citizen in 1946, but returned to Europe in 1953, living in Zürich and teaching at the university there until he retired from teaching in 1957.[5][10] Toward the end of his life he began to conduct more and made numerous recordings, mostly of his own music.[10]
In 1954, an anonymous critic for Opera magazine, having attended a performance of Hindemith's Neues vom Tage, wrote: "Mr Hindemith is no virtuoso conductor, but he does possess an extraordinary knack of making performers understand how his own music is supposed to go."[21]
Hindemith received the Wihuri Sibelius Prize in 1955.[22] He was awarded the Balzan Prize in 1962 "for the wealth, extent and variety of his work, which is among the most valid in contemporary music, and which contains masterpieces of opera, symphonic and chamber music."[22][23]
Despite a prolonged decline in his physical health, Hindemith composed almost until his death. He died in Frankfurt from pancreatitis, aged 68. He and his wife are buried in Cimetière La Chiésaz, La Chiésaz, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland.[1]
Music
Hindemith is among the most significant German composers of his time. His early works are in a late
The new style can be heard in the series of works called , and strings (both in 1949).
In the 1930s Hindemith began to write less for
Hindemith wrote Gebrauchsmusik (Music for Use)—compositions intended to have a social or political purpose and sometimes written to be played by amateurs. The concept was inspired by Bertolt Brecht. An example of this is Hindemith's Trauermusik (Funeral Music), written in January 1936. He was preparing the London premiere of his viola concerto Der Schwanendreher when he heard news of the death of George V. He quickly wrote Trauermusik for solo viola and string orchestra in tribute to the late king, and the premiere was given that same evening, the day after the king's death.[26] Other examples of Hindemith's Gebrauchsmusik include:
- the Plöner Musiktage (1932), a series of pieces written for a day of community music-making in the city of Plön, culminating in an evening concert by grammar-school students and teachers.
- a Scherzo for viola and cello (1934), written in several hours during a series of recording sessions as a "filler" for an unexpected blank side of a 78 rpm album, and recorded immediately upon its completion.
- Wir bauen eine Stadt ("We're Building a City"), an opera for eight-year-olds (1930).
Hindemith's most popular work, both on record and in the concert hall, is probably the Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber, written in 1943. It takes
In 1951, Hindemith completed his
Musical system
Most of Hindemith's music employs a unique system that is tonal but non-
In the late 1930s Hindemith wrote an instructional treatise in three volumes, The Craft of Musical Composition, which lays out this system in great detail. He also advocated this system as a means of understanding and analyzing the harmonic structure of other music, claiming that it has a broader reach than the traditional
Hindemith's 1942 piano work Ludus Tonalis contains twelve fugues, in the manner of Johann Sebastian Bach, using traditional devices like inversion, diminution, augmentation, retrogradation, stretto, etc. Each fugue is connected by an interlude to the next, during which the music moves from the key of the last to its successor. The order of the keys follows Hindemith's ranking of musical intervals around the tonal center of C.[31]
Another traditional aspect of classical music that Hindemith retains is the idea of dissonance resolving to consonance. Much of Hindemith's music begins in consonant territory, progresses into dissonant tension, and resolves in full, consonant chords and
Awards and honors
- Howland Memorial Prize (1940), awarded by Yale University[1][33]
- Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1940)[34]
- Bach Prize of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (1951)[1][35]
- Order Pour le Mérite (1952)[35][36]
- Wihuri Sibelius Prize (1955)[1][35]
- Goethe Plaque of the City of Frankfurt (1955)[37]
- Elected to the American Philosophical Society (1962)[38]
- Balzan Prize (1963)[1][35]
- 5157 Hindemith (1973), asteroid discovered and named for him[39]
Honorary doctorates
- Philadelphia Academy of Music (1945)[33]
- Columbia University (1948)[33]
- Goethe University Frankfurt (1949)[1][35]
Compositions
Pedagogical writings
Hindemith's complete set of instructional books, in possible educational order:
- Elementary Training for Musicians. London: Schott; New York: Associated Music Publishers, 1946. ISBN 978-0-901938-16-9
- A Concentrated Course in Traditional Harmony
- Book 1: With Emphasis on Exercises and a Minimum of Rules, revised edition. New York: Schott, 1968. ISBN 978-0-901938-42-8
- Book 2: Exercises for Advanced Students, translated by Arthur Mendel. New York: Schott, 1964. ISBN 978-0-901938-43-5
- Book 1: With Emphasis on Exercises and a Minimum of Rules, revised edition. New York: Schott, 1968.
- Book 1: Theoretical Part, translated by Arthur Mendel. London: Schott; New York: Associated Music Publishers, 1942. ISBN 978-0-901938-30-5
- Book 2: Exercises in Two-Part Writing, translated by Otto Ortmann. London: Schott; New York: Associated Music Publishers, 1941. ISBN 978-0-901938-41-1
- Book 3: Übungsbuch für den dreistimmigen Satz [Exercises in Three-Part Writing]. Mainz: Schott, 1970. Only available in the original German. ISBN 978-3-7957-1605-9
- Book 1: Theoretical Part, translated by Arthur Mendel. London: Schott; New York: Associated Music Publishers, 1942.
Notable students
Recordings
Hindemith was a prolific composer.
Hindemithon Festival
An annual festival of Hindemith's music has been held at William Paterson University in Wayne, New Jersey, from 2003 through at least 2017. It features student, staff, and professional musicians performing a range of Hindemith's works.[43]
See also
- Hindemith Prize of the City of Hanau
- Hindemith Prize of the Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival
- Music written in all major and/or minor keys
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Maurer Zenck, Claudia (2018). "Paul Hindemith". In Maurer Zenck, Claudia; Petersen, Peter; Fetthauer, Sophie (eds.). Lexikon verfolgter Musiker und Musikerinnen der NS-Zeit. Hamburg: Universität Hamburg. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- Newspapers.com.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membershiprequired)
- ^ Potter, Tully (2003). Hindemith as Interpreter: The Amar-Hindemith Quartet (Liner notes). Arbiter Records. 139. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
- ^ a b c "Paul Hindemith — People — Royal Opera House". www.roh.org.uk. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
- ^ A Dictionary of Twentieth Century World Biography. United Kingdom: Book Club Associates, 1992, p. 267.
- ISBN 978-3-7705-4923-8.
- ^ "Marriage: Paul Hindemith". www.hindemith.info.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-9777908-8-3. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Music and the Holocaust: Paul Hindemith". holocaustmusic.ort.org. ORT. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
- ^ Furtwängler 1934.
- ISBN 978-0-19-802634-1. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
- ^ Ansermet 1961, note to p. 42 added on an errata slip.
- Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Courses as an Instructor: Paul Hindemith". www.hindemith.info.
- ^ Hindemith, Paul (1952). A Composer's World: Horizons and Limitations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- ^ Davenport 1970, p. 43.
- ISBN 978-1-591-14926-2.
- ^ Lessing, Kolja (2002). Notes to Franz Reizenstein: Solo Sonatas. EDA Records.
- ISBN 978-1-4422-7225-5– via Google Books.
- ^ Opera (June 1954): 348.
- ^ Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Paul Hindemith: 1962 Balzan Prize for Music". Retrieved 22 August 2018.
- ^ Taylor 1997, p. 261.
- ^ Holland 1995.
- ISBN 978-0-19-802634-1. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
- ^ "Biography". Hindemith Foundation. Archived from the original on 13 April 2001.
- ^ Searle, Humphrey (1955). Twentieth Century Counterpoint (2nd ed.). London: Ernest Benn. p. 55.
- ^ "Principles and Categories". www.hindemith.info. Hindemith Foundation. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ Hindemith, Paul. Unterweisung im Tonsatz. 3 vols. Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne, 1937–1970. First two volumes in English, as The Craft of Musical Composition, translated by Arthur Mendel and Otto Ortmann. New York: Associated Music Publishers; London: Schott & Co., 1941–1942.
- ISBN 9780198165422.
- ISBN 0193141183.
- ^ a b c "Influence in America". www.hindemith.info.
- ^ "Paul Hindemith". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Schott Music". en.schott-music.com.
- ^ "Pour le Mérite: Paul Hindemith" (PDF). www.orden-pourlemerite.de. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
- ^ "Hessian Biography". www.lagis-hessen.de.
- ^ "APS Member History". American Philosophical Society. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "(5157) Hindemith". IAU Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
- ^ Allison, John (4 December 2013). "Paul Hindemith: The 20th century's most neglected composer". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
- ^ "Review: Hindemith Conducts Hindemith". Gramophone: 40. 20 April 1987.
- ^ "Hindemith Conducts Hindemith: The Complete Recordings on Deutsche Grammophon". Amazon. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- ^ "Midday Artists Series". William Paterson University. Spring 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
Sources
- Ansermet, Ernest. 1961. Les fondements de la musique dans la conscience humaine. 2 v. Neuchâtel: La Baconnière.
- Briner, Andres. 1971. Paul Hindemith. Zürich: Atlantis-Verlag; Mainz: Schott.
- Davenport, LaNoue. 1970. "Erich Katz: A Profile". The American Recorder (Spring): 43–44. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
- Eaglefield-Hull, Arthur (ed.). 1924. A Dictionary of Modern Music and Musicians. London: Dent.
- Furtwängler, Wilhelm. 1934. "Der Fall Hindemith". Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung 73, no. 551 (Sunday, 25 November): 1. Reprinted in ISBN 978-0-85967-816-2.
- Hindemith, Paul. 1937–1970. Unterweisung im Tonsatz. 3 vols. Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne. First two volumes in English, as The Craft of Musical Composition, translated by Arthur Mendel and Otto Ortmann. New York: Associated Music Publishers; London: Schott & Co., 1941–1942.
- Hindemith, Paul. 1952. A Composer's World: Horizons and Limitations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Holland, Bernard. 1995. "Music Review; City Opera Gamely Flirts with Danger". The New York Times, 9 September.
- Kater, Michael H. 1997. The Twisted Muse: Musicians and Their Music in the Third Reich. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Kater, Michael H. 2000. Composers of the Nazi Era: Eight Portraits. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Kemp, Ian. 1970. Hindemith. Oxford Studies of Composers 6. London, New York: Oxford University Press.
- Neumeyer, David. 1986. The Music of Paul Hindemith. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Noss, Luther. 1989. Paul Hindemith in the United States. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
- Preussner, Eberhard. 1984. Paul Hindemith: ein Lebensbild. Innsbruck: Edition Helbling.
- Skelton, Geoffrey. 1975. Paul Hindemith: The Man Behind the Music: A Biography. London: Gollancz.
- Taylor, Ronald. 1997. Berlin and Its Culture: A Historical Portrait. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07200-6.
- Taylor-Jay, Claire. 2004. The Artist-Operas of Pfitzner, Krenek and Hindemith: Politics and the Ideology of the Artist. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Further reading
- Fried, Alexander (19 February 1939). "Paul Hindemith Brings Fresh Air to Symphony". Newspapers.com.
- Schwarze, Richard (21 November 1981). "Hindemith: He was simply a musician who produced 'music as a tree bears fruit' ... Well, not really". Newspapers.com.
- Desbruslais, Simon. 2019. The Music and Music Theory of Paul Hindemith. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-78327-210-5.
- Luttmann, Stephen. 2013. Paul Hindemith: A Research and Information Guide. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-84841-5.
- Winkler, Heinz-Jürgen (2004). "Fascinated by Early Music: Paul Hindemith and Emanuel Winternitz". Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography. 29 (1–2): 14–19. ISSN 1522-7464.
- Petropoulos, Jonathan. 2014. Artists Under Hitler: Collaboration and Survival in Nazi Germany. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Ch. 5, pp. 88–113, is titled "Paul Hindemith".
External links
- Paul Hindemith Oral History collection at Oral History of American Music
- Free scores by Paul Hindemith on IMSLP at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
- Hindemith Foundation
- Schott Music Publisher page
- An Inner Emigration, notes on Hindemith and Der Schwanendreher by Ron Drummond
- Paul Hindemith in conversation with Seymour Raven (7 April 1963)
- Publications by and about Paul Hindemith in the catalogue Helveticat of the Swiss National Library
- Newspaper clippings about Paul Hindemith in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
- "Hindemith Kabinett im Kuhhirtenturm". Museumsufer Frankfurt. Retrieved 21 December 2022.