Pellorneidae
Pellorneidae | |
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Puff-throated babbler (Pellorneum ruficeps) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Superfamily: | Sylvioidea |
Family: | Pellorneidae Delacour, 1946 |
Genera | |
The jungle babblers[citation needed] are a family, Pellorneidae, of mostly Old World passerine birds belonging to the superfamily Sylvioidea.[1][2] They are quite diverse in size and coloration, and usually characterised by soft, fluffy plumage and a tail on average the length of their body, or longer. These birds are found in tropical zones, with the greatest biodiversity in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent.
The family Pellorneidae was first introduced by the French-American ornithologist
Description
Jungle babblers are small to medium-sized birds which are on average 14 cm long and weigh around 30g, but range from 10–26 cm, and 12-36g [6]
Divided between being
This group is not strongly migratory, and most species have short rounded wings, and weak flight. They live in lightly wooded, scrubland, or jungle environments, ranging from swamp to near-desert. They are primarily insectivorous, although many will also take berries, and the larger, omnivorous species will even eat small lizards and other vertebrates.[7]
Behaviour
Jungle babblers are generally non-migratory, social birds, defined by their lack of seasonal plumage and unspotted juvenile plumage.[8] These birds tend to be shy, but a few species are highly territorial and respond to playbacks of their vocalisations.[9] Breeding behaviour is not well known for all species of jungle babbler, but some birds, such as the Streaked wren-babbler (Napothera brevicaudata) have adapted to their habitat by nesting in holes or shallow cavities in the limestone cliffs and boulders of their region.[10] Others nest on the ground or in trees or shrubs. Care of nestlings by both parents is common, and cooperative breeding is prevalent among babblers [11]
Distribution and habitat
Pellorneidae are found throughout the tropics of Asia and Africa. Preferring sheltered places, these birds tend to stick to the undergrowth or forest edge.[8]
Taxonomy and systematics
Originally placed within Timaliidae as a subfamily, Pellorneidae was elevated into family status following a closer analysis of the superfamily Sylvioidea.
Another taxonomy revision was the renaming of the rufous-vented grass babbler (Laticilla burnesii) and swamp grass babbler (Laticilla cinerascens) from Prinia (in the family Cisticolidae) to Laticilla.[13] Data sequencing using mitochondrial and nuclear markers revealed that P. burnesii and P. cinerascens belonged in a different family to the other members of Cisticolidae, with the results supported by Bayesian inference[13]
The cladogram below showing the phylogenetic relationships between the families is based on a study of the babblers by Tianlong Cai and colleagues published in 2019.[12][4]
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The cladogram below shows the relationships between the genera.[12][4]
Pellorneidae |
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The family includes 65 species divided into 13 genera:[4]
- Indian grassbird (Graminicola bengalensis)
- Chinese grassbird (Graminicola striatus)
- Black-throated wren-babbler (Turdinus atrigularis)
- Large wren-babbler (Turdinus macrodactylus)
- Marbled wren-babbler (Turdinus marmoratus)
- Moustached babbler (Malacopteron magnirostre)
- Sooty-capped babbler (Malacopteron affine)
- Scaly-crowned babbler (Malacopteron cinereum)
- Rufous-crowned babbler (Malacopteron magnum)
- Melodious babbler (Malacopteron palawanense)
- Grey-breasted babbler (Malacopteron albogulare)
- White-hooded babbler (Gampsorhynchus rufulus)
- Collared babbler (Gampsorhynchus torquatus)
- Yellow-throated fulvetta (Schoeniparus cinereus)
- Rufous-winged fulvetta (Schoeniparus castaneceps)
- Black-crowned fulvetta (Schoeniparus klossi)
- Golden-fronted fulvetta (Schoeniparus variegaticeps)
- Rufous-throated fulvetta (Schoeniparus rufogularis)
- Rusty-capped fulvetta (Schoeniparus dubius)
- Dusky fulvetta (Schoeniparus brunneus)
- Puff-throated babbler (Pellorneum ruficeps)
- Brown-capped babbler (Pellorneum fuscocapillus)
- Marsh babbler (Pellorneum palustre)
- Malayan black-capped babbler (Pellorneum nigrocapitatum)
- Javan black-capped babbler (Pellorneum capistratum)
- Bornean black-capped babbler (Pellorneum capistratoides)
- Short-tailed babbler(Pellorneum malaccense)
- Ashy-headed babbler (Pellorneum cinereiceps)
- Spot-throated babbler (Pellorneum albiventre)
- Buff-breasted babbler (Pellorneum tickelli)
- Sumatran babbler (Pellorneum buettikoferi)
- Temminck's babbler (Pellorneum pyrrogenys)
- White-chested babbler(Pellorneum rostratum)
- Ferruginous babbler (Pellorneum bicolor)
- Sulawesi babbler (Pellorneum celebense)
Laticilla (species moved here from Prinia in the Cisticolidae)[14]
- Rufous-vented grass babbler (Laticilla burnesii)
- Swamp grass babbler (Laticilla cinerascens)
- Brown illadopsis (Illadopsis fulvescens)
- Pale-breasted illadopsis (Illadopsis rufipennis)
- Tanzanian illadopsis (Illadopsis distans)
- Mountain illadopsis (Illadopsis pyrrhoptera)
- Blackcap illadopsis (Illadopsis cleaveri)
- Scaly-breasted illadopsis (Illadopsis albipectus)
- Spotted thrush-babbler (Illadopsis turdina)
- Puvel's illadopsis (Illadopsis puveli)
- Rufous-winged illadopsis (Illadopsis rufescens)
- Striped wren-babbler (Kenopia striata)
- Abbott's babbler (Malacocincla abbotti)
- Horsfield's babbler (Malacocincla sepiaria)
- Black-browed babbler (Malacocincla perspicillata)
- Rusty-breasted wren-babbler (Gypsophila rufipectus)
- Variable limestone babbler (Gypsophila crispifrons)
- Streaked wren-babbler (Gypsophila brevicaudata)
- Mountain wren-babbler (Gypsophila crassa)
- Annam limestone babbler (Gypsophila annamensis)
- Rufous limestone babbler (Gypsophila calcicola)
- Falcated wren-babbler (Ptilocichla falcata)
- Bornean wren-babbler (Ptilocichla leucogrammica)
- Striated wren-babbler (Ptilocichla mindanensis)
- Eyebrowed wren-babbler (Napothera epilepidota)
- Long-billed wren-babbler (Napothera malacoptila)
- Sumatran wren-babbler (Napothera albostriata)
- White-throated wren-babbler (Napothera pasquieri)
- Short-tailed scimitar babbler (Napothera danjoui)
- Naung Mung scimitar babbler (Napothera naungmungensis)
References
- ^ PMID 22920688.
- S2CID 51883434.
- ^ Delacour, Jean Théodore. "Les timaliinés". L'Oiseaux (in French). 16: 7–36.
- ^ Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Babblers, scimitar babblers, ground babblers, Alcippe fulvettas". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
- .
- ^ a b "Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | HBW Alive". www.hbw.com. Retrieved 2018-10-15.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-85391-186-6.
- ^ S2CID 21691730.
- )
- ISSN 2053-7166.
- ISSN 2452-316X.
- ^ .
- ^ PMID 23159891.
- PMID 23159891.