Periostin
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Periostin (POSTN, PN, or osteoblast-specific factor OSF-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POSTN gene.[5][6] Periostin functions as a ligand for alpha-V/beta-3 and alpha-V/beta-5 integrins to support adhesion and migration of epithelial cells.[7]
Periostin is a gla domain vitamin K dependent factor.[8]
Function
Periostin is a secreted extracellular matrix protein that was originally identified in cells from the mesenchymal lineage (
In many cancers, periostin binds to integrins on cancer cells, activating the Akt/PKB- and FAK-mediated signaling pathways. This leads to increased cell survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.[10]
In humans and mice, periostin undergoes alternative splicing in its C-terminal region, resulting in specific
While periostin plays a wide variety of roles in tissue development along with disease, its function in tissue remodeling as a response to injury is a common underlying role in these different mechanisms. Periostin is transiently upregulated during cell fate changes, whether they are related to alterations in physiology or to pathological changes. It influences extracellular matrix restructuring, tissue remodeling, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, all of which can be related to tissue healing, development, and disease. Thus, it functions as a mediator, balancing appropriate and inappropriate responses to tissue damage.[11]
Clinical significance
In valvular heart disease
Periostin plays a critical role in the development of
In tissue regeneration and healing
As a matricellular protein, periostin is also important for tissue regeneration. In healthy human skin, periostin is expressed at basal levels and is expressed in the epidermis and hair follicles along with
In asthma
Periostin is associated with asthma, a fact that is exploited by the experimental asthma medication lebrikizumab.[14]
In cancer
Periostin over-expression was reported in several types of cancer, most frequently in the environment of tumor cells.[7][15] Recent evidence shows that periostin is a component of the extracellular matrix expressed by fibroblasts in normal tissues and stroma of primary tumor. The metastatic colony formation requires the induction of periostin in the foreign stroma by the infiltrating cancer cells. Periostin production is upregulated in lung fibroblasts by either TGF-β2 or TGF-β3, the latter being secreted by infiltrating cancer stem cells (in MMTV-PyMT mouse breast cancer model) [16]
Periostin has been shown to be highly upregulated in
Table: Periostin expression in various cancer cell lines.[19]
| Cell line | Origin | POSTN/ACTB1 |
|---|---|---|
| U2OS | Osteosarcoma | 3.5±1.7 |
| LB96 | Ewing sarcoma | 0 |
| LB23-1 | Rhabdomyosarcoma | 0.1±0.1 |
| HeLa | Cervical cancer | 3.0±0.4 |
| PA-1 | Ovarian teratocarcinoma | 1.4±0.1 |
| LB37-1 | NSCLC | |
| LB85 | SCLC | 3.4±0.2 |
| LB92 | SCLC | 0.6±0.2 |
| LB1047 | Renal cell carcinoma | 0.8±0.2 |
| BB64 | Renal cell carcinoma | 0.08±0.01 |
| LB108 | Colorectal cancer | 0 |
MCF7 |
Breast Cancer | 0 |
Hs578T |
Breast Cancer | 3693±86 |
| Panc-1 | Pancreatic carcinoma | 0 |
| Capan-1 | Pancreatic carcinoma | 0 |
Huh-7 |
Hepatocarcinoma |
0.3±0.07 |
| LB831 | Bladder carcinoma | 1748±74 |
| MZGC3 | Stomach cancer | 0 |
| A172 | Glioblastoma | 45±4 |
| MZ2 | Melanoma | 2.3±0.7 |
| LB39 | Melanoma | 0.5±0.03 |
| LB2586-7 | Melanoma | 3.4±0.3 |
| LB2201-3 | Melanoma | 4.2±0.4 |
| A375 | Melanoma | 4.7±1.2 |
1 (cDNA POSTN/cDNA ACTB) × 104
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000133110 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027750 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- PMID 8363580.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: POSTN periostin, osteoblast specific factor".
- ^ PMID 12235007.
- PMID 18450759.
- PMID 21997759.
- ^ PMID 24146092.
- PMID 20551517.
- ^ PMID 23378472.
- PMID 21812663.
- S2CID 37866040.
- S2CID 2128276.
- ^ PMID 25140038.
- PMID 25580734.
- PMID 18086302.
Further reading
- Sasaki H, Dai M, Auclair D, Fukai I, Kiriyama M, Yamakawa Y, Fujii Y, Chen LB (Aug 2001). "Serum level of the periostin, a homologue of an insect cell adhesion molecule, as a prognostic marker in nonsmall cell lung carcinomas". Cancer. 92 (4): 843–8. PMID 11550156.
- Shao R, Bao S, Bai X, Blanchette C, Anderson RM, Dang T, Gishizky ML, Marks JR, Wang XF (May 2004). "Acquired expression of periostin by human breast cancers promotes tumor angiogenesis through up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 24 (9): 3992–4003. PMID 15082792.
- Bao S, Ouyang G, Bai X, Huang Z, Ma C, Liu M, Shao R, Anderson RM, Rich JN, Wang XF (Apr 2004). "Periostin potently promotes metastatic growth of colon cancer by augmenting cell survival via the Akt/PKB pathway". Cancer Cell. 5 (4): 329–39. PMID 15093540.
- Kim CJ, Yoshioka N, Tambe Y, Kushima R, Okada Y, Inoue H (Oct 2005). "Periostin is down-regulated in high grade human bladder cancers and suppresses in vitro cell invasiveness and in vivo metastasis of cancer cells". International Journal of Cancer. 117 (1): 51–8. PMID 15880581.
- Chang Y, Lee TC, Li JC, Lai TL, Chua HH, Chen CL, Doong SL, Chou CK, Sheen TS, Tsai CH (Oct 2005). "Differential expression of osteoblast-specific factor 2 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma". Head & Neck. 27 (10): 873–82. S2CID 25139450.
- Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, Camp DG, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith RD (2006). "Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry". Journal of Proteome Research. 4 (6): 2070–80. PMID 16335952.
- Yan W, Shao R (Jul 2006). "Transduction of a mesenchyme-specific gene periostin into 293T cells induces cell invasive activity through epithelial-mesenchymal transformation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281 (28): 19700–8. PMID 16702213.
- Försti A, Jin Q, Altieri A, Johansson R, Wagner K, Enquist K, Grzybowska E, Pamula J, Pekala W, Hallmans G, Lenner P, Hemminki K (Jan 2007). "Polymorphisms in the KDR and POSTN genes: association with breast cancer susceptibility and prognosis". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 101 (1): 83–93. S2CID 22086203.
- Grigoriadis A, Mackay A, Reis-Filho JS, Steele D, Iseli C, Stevenson BJ, Jongeneel CV, Valgeirsson H, Fenwick K, Iravani M, Leao M, Simpson AJ, Strausberg RL, Jat PS, Ashworth A, Neville AM, O'Hare MJ (2007). "Establishment of the epithelial-specific transcriptome of normal and malignant human breast cells based on MPSS and array expression data". Breast Cancer Research. 8 (5): R56. PMID 17014703.
- Baril P, Gangeswaran R, Mahon PC, Caulee K, Kocher HM, Harada T, Zhu M, Kalthoff H, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T, Lemoine NR (Mar 2007). "Periostin promotes invasiveness and resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to hypoxia-induced cell death: role of the beta4 integrin and the PI3k pathway". Oncogene. 26 (14): 2082–94. S2CID 25177405.
- Siriwardena BS, Kudo Y, Ogawa I, Kitagawa M, Kitajima S, Hatano H, Tilakaratne WM, Miyauchi M, Takata T (Nov 2006). "Periostin is frequently overexpressed and enhances invasion and angiogenesis in oral cancer". British Journal of Cancer. 95 (10): 1396–403. PMID 17060937.
- Li JS, Sun GW, Wei XY, Tang WH (Oct 2007). "Expression of periostin and its clinicopathological relevance in gastric cancer". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 13 (39): 5261–6. PMID 17876898.
- Contié S, Voorzanger-Rousselot N, Litvin J, Bonnet N, Ferrari S, Clézardin P, Garnero P (Oct 2010). "Development of a new ELISA for serum periostin: evaluation of growth-related changes and bisphosphonate treatment in mice". Calcified Tissue International. 87 (4): 341–50. S2CID 22592909.
- Kashyap MK, Marimuthu A, Peri S, Kumar GS, Jacob HK, Prasad TS, Mahmood R, Kumar KV, Kumar MV, Meltzer SJ, Montgomery EA, Kumar RV, Pandey A (2010). "Overexpression of periostin and lumican in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". Cancers. 2 (1): 133–42. PMID 24281036.