Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai
| Topics in Sangam literature | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sangam literature | ||
| Agattiyam | Tolkāppiyam | |
| Eighteen Greater Texts | ||
| Eight Anthologies | ||
Aiṅkurunūṟu |
Akanāṉūṟu
| |
Puṟanāṉūṟu |
Kalittokai | |
| Kuṟuntokai | Natṟiṇai | |
| Paripāṭal | Patiṟṟuppattu | |
| Ten Idylls | ||
| Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai | Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu | |
| Malaipaṭukaṭām | Maturaikkāñci | |
| Mullaippāṭṭu | Neṭunalvāṭai | |
| Paṭṭiṉappālai | Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai | |
| Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai | Ciṟupāṇāṟṟuppaṭai | |
| Related topics | ||
Sangam |
Sangam landscape | |
Tamil history from Sangam literature |
Ancient Tamil music | |
| Eighteen Lesser Texts | ||
| Nālaṭiyār | Nāṉmaṇikkaṭikai | |
| Iṉṉā Nāṟpatu | Iṉiyavai Nāṟpatu | |
| Kār Nāṟpatu | Kaḷavaḻi Nāṟpatu | |
| Aintiṇai Aimpatu | Tiṉaimoḻi Aimpatu | |
| Aintinai Eḻupatu | Tiṇaimālai Nūṟṟaimpatu | |
Tirukkuṟaḷ |
Tirikaṭukam | |
| Ācārakkōvai | Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu | |
| Ciṟupañcamūlam | Mutumoḻikkānci | |
| Elāti | Kainnilai | |
| Bhakti Literature | ||
| Naalayira Divya Prabandham | Ramavataram | |
| Tevaram | Tirumuṟai | |
| edit | ||
Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai (
The Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai poem, also referred to as Perumpanattrupadai,[8] is named after perumpanar – a class of minstrels who sang their bards while playing a large lute.[9] The poem provides a detailed description of the five tinai (landscapes) of Kanchi territory: mountainous (kurinci), forested (palai), pastoral (mullai), farmlands (marutam), coastal (neytal).[9][10] The capital city of Kanchipuram is described as a city of ancient might, fame, prosperity and abounding in religious festivals.[2]
The poem is a source of cultural and sociological information about ancient Kanchipuram and nearby regions, along with the government and economic systems under Tamil chieftains.
In the cultural context, the poem mentions a yupa post (a form of Vedic altar) and a Brahmin village.[13] Vedas are recited by these Brahmins, and even their parrots are mentioned in the poem as those who sing the Vedic hymns. People in these Vedic villages did not eat meat, nor raise fowls. They ate rice, salad leaves boiled in ghee, pickles and vegetables.[14] Elsewhere, the hunters are described as meat-eaters, herdsmen relied on milk, yoghurt and ghee, fishermen ate a variety of fish, while farmers ate the meat of domestic fowl, beans, fruits and farm produce. Rice was a staple in all landscapes.[15] Rice was also a major part of any offerings to the gods in temples and on festivals, according to several lines in the poem, such as over lines 267–269.[16]
The Perumpanattrupadai mentions
In the context of government structure and economic activity, the poem mentions the
A variety of religious festivals and sports are mentioned in the poem, in which both men and women participated.[21] The poem has at least 73 similes.[22]
See also
Notes
References
- ^ Kamil Zvelebil 1973, pp. 29, 56–57.
- ^ a b c d Kamil Zvelebil 1973, pp. 56–57.
- ^ Kamil Zvelebil 1974, p. 23.
- ^ Kamil Zvelebil 1973, p. 42 Chart 4.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7914-7945-2.
- ^ https://archive.org/details/pattupattutentamilidyllschelliahj.v._108_Q/page/97/mode/2up
- ^ https://archive.org/details/pattupattutentamilidyllschelliahj.v._108_Q/page/97/mode/2up
- ^ JV Chelliah 1946, p. 97.
- ^ a b Kamil Zvelebil 1973, p. 57.
- JSTOR 3516448.
- ^ a b JV Chelliah 1946, pp. 97–101.
- ^ JV Chelliah 1946, pp. 97–98.
- ^ a b JV Chelliah 1946, pp. 98–99.
- ^ JV Chelliah 1946, pp. 98–100.
- ^ a b c JV Chelliah 1946, pp. 99–100.
- ^ Monica Smith (2006). "The Archaeology of Food Preference". American Anthropologist. 108 (3): 480–493.
- ^ JV Chelliah 1946, pp. 98–103.
- ^ M.S., Ramesh (1993). 108 Vaishnavite Divya Desam Volume 1. Tirupati: Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams.
- ^ R Thapar (1994). Indian Journal of History of Science. National Institute of Sciences of India. p. 468.
- ISBN 978-81-8069-521-6.
- ^ JV Chelliah 1946, pp. 100–101.
- ^ JV Chelliah 1946, p. 102.
Bibliography
- JV Chelliah (1946). Pattupattu - Ten Tamil Idylls (Tamil Verses with Englilsh Translation). Tamil University (1985 print).
- U. V. Swaminatha Aiyar (1950). Pattuppattu with a commentary by Naccinarkkiniyar (4th Edition). UV Swaminathaiyer Library.
- Shu HikoSaka (2000). Tamil poetry through the ages, 2. Pattuppattu: Ten idylls. Institute of Asian Studies. OCLC 633702288.
- Edward Jewitt Robinson (2001). Tamil Wisdom: Traditions Concerning Hindu Sages and Selections from Their Writings. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services.
- Mudaliyar, Singaravelu A., Apithana Cintamani, An encyclopaedia of Tamil Literature, (1931) - Reprinted by Asian Educational Services, New Delhi (1983)
- Pillai, M. S. Purnalingam (1994). Tamil Literature. Asian Educational Services. p. 115. ISBN 81-206-0955-7.
- Ray, Himanshu Prabha (2003). The archaeology of seafaring in ancient South Asia. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. ISBN 9780521011099.
- Selby, Martha Ann (2011) Tamil Love Poetry: The Five Hundred Short Poems of the Aiṅkuṟunūṟu, an Early Third-Century Anthology. Columbia University Press, ISBN 9780231150651
- Takanobu Takahashi (1995). Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics. BRILL Academic. ISBN 90-04-10042-3.
- Eva Maria Wilden (2014). Manuscript, Print and Memory: Relics of the Cankam in Tamilnadu. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-035276-4.
- Kamil Zvelebil (1973). The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India. BRILL. ISBN 90-04-03591-5.
- Kamil Zvelebil (1974). Tamil Literature. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-01582-0.
- ISBN 90-04-09365-6.