Peter Geach

Peter Geach FBA
Geach in 1990
Born	Peter Thomas Geach (1916-03-29)29 March 1916 Chelsea, London, England
Died	21 December 2013(2013-12-21) (aged 97) Cambridge, England
Alma mater	Balliol College, Oxford
Spouse	G. E. M. Anscombe ​ ​ (m. 1941; died 2001)​ Frege–Geach problem omnipotence paradox

Peter Thomas Geach^[a] FBA (29 March 1916 – 21 December 2013) was a British philosopher who was Professor of Logic at the University of Leeds. His areas of interest were philosophical logic, ethics, history of philosophy, philosophy of religion and the theory of identity.

Early life

Peter Geach was born in

His parents' marriage was unhappy and quickly broke up.[6] Until the age of four, he lived with his maternal grandparents, who were Polish immigrants, in Cardiff.^[6] After this time he was placed in the care of a guardian (until his father returned to Britain) and contact with his mother and her parents ceased.^[6] He attended Llandaff Cathedral School in Cardiff and, later, Clifton College.^[7]

His father, who had studied with Bertrand Russell and G. E. Moore at Cambridge, taught him philosophy starting with logic.^[8]

In 1934 Geach won a scholarship to

I was certainly cleverer than they, but they had the immeasurable advantage that they were right—an advantage that they did not throw away by resorting to the bad philosophy and apologetics then sometimes taught in Catholic schools. One day my defences quite suddenly collapsed: I knew that if I were to remain an honest man I must seek instruction in the Catholic Religion. I was received into the Catholic Church on May 31, 1938.[12]

Academic career

Geach spent a year (1938–39)^[9] as a Gladstone Research Student, based at St Deiniol's Library, Hawarden.^[13]

Geach refused to join the British Army in the

Following the end of the war in 1945, he undertook further research at Cambridge.

In 1951, Geach was appointed to his first substantive academic post, as assistant lecturer at the University of Birmingham, going on to become Reader in Logic. In 1966 Geach resigned in protest at the University’s decision to create an Institute of Contemporary Culture. In his resignation letter he said he had no wish to stay at a university which "preferred Pop Art to Logic".^[16] In the same year he was appointed Professor of Logic in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Leeds.^[9][17] Geach retired from his Leeds chair in 1981 with the title Emeritus Professor of Logic.^[18]

At various times Geach held visiting professorships at the universities of Cornell, Chicago, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Warsaw.^[9]

Philosophical work

His early work includes the classic texts Mental Acts and Reference and Generality, the latter defending an essentially modern conception of reference against medieval theories of supposition. His Catholic perspective was integral to his philosophy. He was perhaps the founder of analytical Thomism (though the current of thought running through his and Elizabeth Anscombe's work to the present day was only ostensibly so named forty years later by John Haldane), the aim of which is to synthesise Thomistic and analytic approaches. Geach was a student and an early follower of Ludwig Wittgenstein whilst at the University of Cambridge.^[19]

Geach defends the Thomistic position that human beings are essentially

Geach dismissed both pragmatic and epistemic conceptions of truth, commending a version of the correspondence theory proposed by Thomas Aquinas. He argues that there is one reality rooted in God himself, who is the ultimate truthmaker. God, according to Geach, is truth. While they lived, he saw W. V. Quine and Arthur Prior as his allies, in that they held three truths: that there are no non-existent beings; that a proposition can occur in discourse without being there asserted; and that the sense of a term does not depend on the truth of the proposition in which it occurs. He is said to have invented the famous ethical example of the stuck potholer,^[4] when arguing against the idea that it might be right to kill a child to save their mother.

In metaethics, a debate developed in the 1960s and 1970s as to whether it was possible to logically derive categorical 'ought' statements from 'is' statements. The debate famously involved Richard Hare, Max Black, Philippa Foot and John Searle among others. Geach made a notable contribution to this debate with a paper published in 1977, which purported to derive one categorical 'ought' from purely factual premises.^[21][22]

Honours

Geach was elected a

His wife and occasional collaborator was the philosopher Elizabeth Anscombe.^[17] Both converts to Catholicism, they were married at Brompton Oratory in 1941 and went on to have seven children.^[25] They co-authored the 1961 book Three Philosophers, with Anscombe contributing a section on Aristotle and Geach one each on Aquinas and Gottlob Frege.^[17] For a quarter century they were leading figures in the Philosophical Enquiry Group, an annual confluence of Catholic philosophers held at Spode House in Staffordshire that was established by Columba Ryan in 1954.^[26]

Death

Peter Geach died on 21 December 2013^[27] at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge and is buried in the same grave as his wife in (what is now) the Ascension Parish Burial Ground.

Works

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (July 2016)

• Geach, Peter; Black, Max, eds. (1952). Translations from the philosophical writings of Gottlob Frege (1st ed.). Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 2nd ed. (1960), 3rd ed. (1980)
• Descartes: Philosophical Writings (with G.E.M. Anscombe) (1954) Introduction by Alexandre Koyre
• "Good and Evil," Analysis (1956), Reprinted in Foot, Philippa (ed.) Theories of Ethics (1967).  United States: Oxford University Press. pp. 64–73.
• Mental Acts: Their Content and Their Objects, 1957/1997
• Three Philosophers: Aristotle; Aquinas; Frege (with G.E.M. Anscombe), 1961
• Reference and Generality: An Examination of Some Medieval and Modern Theories, 1962
• "Ascriptivism." Philosophical Review 69 (2):221-225, 1960, reprinted in Richard Rorty (ed.) The Linguistic Turn (1967)
• '"PLATO'S EUTHYPHRO": An Analysis and Commentary', The Monist Vol. 50, No. 3, July, 1966
• "Some Problems about Time" Proceedings of the British Academy 51, 1965 ,1966
• History of the Corruptions of Logic, inaugural lecture, University of Leeds, 1968
• doi:10.1007/978-1-349-15356-5_3
  (1969)
• doi:10.1007/978-1-349-15356-5_6
  (1969)
• God and the Soul, 1969/2001
• "A Program for Syntax" (1970). Synthèse 22:3-17. reprinted in: Davidson & Harman (edc.) Semantics of natural language (1972)
• Logic Matters, 1972
• Reason and Argument, 1976
• "Saying and Showing in Frege and Wittgenstein," Acta Philosophica Fennica 28 (1976): 54–70
• Providence and Evil: The Stanton Lectures 1971-2, 1977
• The Virtues: The Stanton Lectures 1973-4, 1977
• Truth, Love, and Immortality: An Introduction to McTaggart's Philosophy, 1979
• "Truth and God,"
  Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volume LVI, 1982, republished in Proceedings Virtual Issue No. 1, 2013
• (edited) Wittgenstein's Lectures on Philosophical Psychology, 1946–47: Notes by P.T. Geach, K.J. Shah, and A.C. Jackson, 1989
• "Whatever Happened to Deontic Logic" reprinted in Logic and Ethics (edited by Geach with Jacek Holowka), 1990
• ISBN 0-268-04215-2
  )