Phyllanthus fluitans

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Phyllanthus fluitans
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Phyllanthaceae
Genus: Phyllanthus
Species:
P. fluitans
Binomial name
Phyllanthus fluitans
Synonyms[2][3]
  • Diasperus fluitans (Benth. ex Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
  • Phyllanthus fluitans Benth.

Phyllanthus fluitans, also known as the red root floater, floating spurge,

herbaceous perennial[5] in the family Phyllanthaceae.[6] This species is one of the only three non-terrestrial species in the genus Phyllanthus, with the other species being P. leonardianus[7] and P. felicis.[8] The generic name comes from Ancient Greek meaning leaf or a leaf (φύλλον, phúllon; phyll) flower (ἄνθος, anthos; anthus),[9] and the specific name comes from Latin meaning floating or float (fluito; fluitans).[5] It was described in March 1863 by George Bentham and Johannes Müller Argoviensis.[1][10]

Description

The

hydrophobic, probably due to the Salvinia effect
.

An illustration of Phyllanthus fluitans made by R.C

Taxonomy

It was formerly placed in the family Euphorbiaceae evident from the common name "floating spurge", along with many other species in the genus Phyllanthus and Phyllanthaceae[14] until 1993, when a maximum parsimony was done and revealed that Euphorbiaceae had several lineages in it, including Phyllanthaceae and its subsequent taxa.[15] It is also apparently most closely related to P. caroliniensis.[16]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to the

water hyacinth by covering large swaths of stagnant backwater areas. This noxious species may limit or totally block all ambient light penetration to the bottom of the system, which can stunt and potentially kill submersed plants growing below.[4] It has also been recorded in Panama.[8]

Discovery

This species was discovered for the first time by English botanist Richard Spruce in the Amazon. At the time of discovery, he wrote in his journal:[22]

"Although as far removed from

flowering plants. This is one of the many cases that I have encountered of plants which, totally different in the structure of their flowers and their fruits, manage to resemble each other in their devices."[22]

Commercial use

It is sometimes sold in aquarium companies or shops like Tropica to be used as decorations or additions in aquariums[23][24] for its red roots (hence the common name) and its reddish tinted to reddish leaves[8] when exposed to bright light.

Gallery

  • Hydrophobic properties of Phyllanthus fluitans showing
    Hydrophobic properties of Phyllanthus fluitans showing
  • New green leaves
    New green leaves
  • Phyllanthus fluitans leaves on water
    Phyllanthus fluitans leaves on water
  • Phyllanthus fluitans clusters
    Phyllanthus fluitans clusters
  • Big leaves due to right conditions
    Big leaves due to right conditions
  • Another image of the illustration of P. fluitans by R. C. used by Herbier Bossier
    Another image of the illustration of P. fluitans by R. C. used by Herbier Bossier

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Phyllanthus fluitans Benth ex. Müll.Arg". catalogueoflife.org. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  2. ^ "Phyllanthus fluitans Benth ex. Müll.Arg". World Flora Online. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Phyllanthus fluitans Benth. ex Müll.Arg". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  4. ^ a b c "Weed Risk Assessment for Phyllanthus fluitans Benth. ex Müll. Arg. (Phyllanthaceae) – Red root floater" (PDF). Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  5. ^ a b "Phyllanthus fluitans". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  6. ^ a b "Red Root Floater Phyllanthus fluitans Benth. ex Müll. Arg". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  7. ^ a b Sowinski, Michael P. "Red root floater Phyllanthus fluitans (Euphorbiaceae): Another Aquatic Invader for Florida" (PDF). University of Florida (www.ufl.edu). Michael Sowinski. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  8. ^
    S2CID 225174553
    . Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  9. ^ "Phyllanthus". alabamaplants.com. 9 July 2021.
  10. ^ a b Müller, J. (1863). "Euphorbiaceae: Vorläufige Mittheilungen aus dem für DeCandolle's Prodromus bestimmten Manuscript über diese Faamiliae". Linnaea. 32 (1): 1–126 [36]. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  11. ^ a b c MacBride, J.F. (1951). "Flora of Peru". Chicago Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, U.S.A: 290. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  12. ^
    doi:10.17129/botsci.1176
    .
  13. OCLC 1553862
    . Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  14. JSTOR 2992092
    . Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  15. JSTOR 2399846
    .
  16. ^ "Phyllanthus fluitans in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". efloras.org. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  17. ^ José Murillo, A. (2004). "Las Euphorbiaceae de Colombia" (PDF). Biota Colombiana. 2 (5): 183–200. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  18. JSTOR 1478876
    . Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  19. S2CID 37916973
    . Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  20. ^ a b "Taxon: Phyllanthus fluitans Benth. ex Mull. Arg". GRIN Global (Germplasm Resource Information Network Global). Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  21. ISSN 0187-7151
    . Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  22. ^ a b Chodat, R. (1865–1934). La biologie des plantes (in French). Édition Atar. p. 270. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  23. ^ "Phyllanthus fluitans". Tropica. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  24. ^ "Phyllanthus fluitans (PYLFU)[Overview] EPPO Global Database". gd.eppo.int. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
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